The well is one of the most important buildings or facilities of each fortification. Served as the main source of fluid intake (water), in time of peace, and threats or war. They were not only source of drinking water for people and animals, but also serve for production purposes, or to extinguish any fires.
The oldest wells we have documented already in prehistoric times, but mostly it is about neopevněná estate. Archaeologically, however, are especially in the us, documented mainly from the middle ages.
Medieval wells
Here you can rozlištit a number of wells with the appearance of the use of the material or the place where a well was built. We have thus, for example, wells in the castles, or some of the smaller manor houses. These wells are spravidla dug/sculpted into the rock at a depth of many tens of meters. The typical is often a larger well wheel. Such an example is the castle Lipnice nad Sazavou. In contrast, the specific well is the one from the castle Karlstejn, which, though deep, 80 meters, has a water supply štolamy from the upper reaches of Mořinského creek. Another specific feature are the castles without wells, represented by e.g. the castle Owlery, which has the place well, two cisterns for capturing rain water. These solutions were used in the case that could occur to lower the water and finding her would be costly or otherwise (technically) unfeasible.
In contrast, the city of wells we have a variety of. Even when he was charged instead spravidla close the water flow. The reasons were several, especially, however, a better accessibility of water and its availability and the event of the siege of the walled city. Such wells may be municipal, but also private. We have a well walled, partly hewn into the rock, but also wood. The problem of the medieval city, however, was inappropriate waste economy, whether it be the accumulation of waste on the streets and their gradual charging and increases (cultural stack in cities reaches sometimes the order of a few meters, although in that are included požárové layers, etc.). Another problem (stežejním) were the sump. Construction often similar wells. This is a waste "facility" recessed into the ground, often něklik meters. These serve often as toilets, but also used to blowing various of waste. often were situated near the wells. Their výplń waste of the character then often seeped into the groundwater, respectively, to nearby wells and its content (mainly feces and other decaying matter) badger drinking water. And for this reason were frequent diarrheal and other diseases or even worse disease. Central beverage was in the time between the other beer, and even in the arrangements for the children (it was weaker). In general, this problem began to fundamentally solve in 15. and rather to in 16. century.
Generally in the wells are different elements which are being contested matter, the coins starting through out the buckets (or, rather, their metal parts), but also ceramics, etc., especially when the well ceased to be used and was backfilled as a waste sink. However, there are also such as human bones (the skeletons) - this is the case e.g. at the well of the castle Špilberk in Brno.
Modern well
With the building of the first riga the forts (forts) there was a need for their security after page of water intake. For this reason, were given to these objects well (or even more wells). Of course the purity of the water source was guarded. Should be noted that besides the common needs of soldiers and possibly animals, too, begin to appear the first systems to your operation in need of water (especially for cooling). We can already talk about water infrastructure (i.e. pipes, etc.).
The city routinely used the well until the 19th. century then their importance gradually declined. In principle, however, it was mostly about the deeper structures with prvnímy, albeit primitivnímy pumps. Also the infrastructure was more sophisticated. Ultimately, they were mostly replaced by artificial ponds and fresh water resources began to become a dam or other larger areas.
Last but not least, it should be noted čs. permanent fortifications, where every single log object and tvrzový had your water intake - well. This was vrtána/kicked and subsequently concreted.
So, in general, that the well was an essential prerequisite for the existence of the majority of většich of the fortified objects of the middle ages, was a common part of cities and was a normal part of all younger fortifications.
Sources:
https://www.valka.cz/topic/view/64606#230479
own visit.
The oldest wells we have documented already in prehistoric times, but mostly it is about neopevněná estate. Archaeologically, however, are especially in the us, documented mainly from the middle ages.
Medieval wells
Here you can rozlištit a number of wells with the appearance of the use of the material or the place where a well was built. We have thus, for example, wells in the castles, or some of the smaller manor houses. These wells are spravidla dug/sculpted into the rock at a depth of many tens of meters. The typical is often a larger well wheel. Such an example is the castle Lipnice nad Sazavou. In contrast, the specific well is the one from the castle Karlstejn, which, though deep, 80 meters, has a water supply štolamy from the upper reaches of Mořinského creek. Another specific feature are the castles without wells, represented by e.g. the castle Owlery, which has the place well, two cisterns for capturing rain water. These solutions were used in the case that could occur to lower the water and finding her would be costly or otherwise (technically) unfeasible.
In contrast, the city of wells we have a variety of. Even when he was charged instead spravidla close the water flow. The reasons were several, especially, however, a better accessibility of water and its availability and the event of the siege of the walled city. Such wells may be municipal, but also private. We have a well walled, partly hewn into the rock, but also wood. The problem of the medieval city, however, was inappropriate waste economy, whether it be the accumulation of waste on the streets and their gradual charging and increases (cultural stack in cities reaches sometimes the order of a few meters, although in that are included požárové layers, etc.). Another problem (stežejním) were the sump. Construction often similar wells. This is a waste "facility" recessed into the ground, often něklik meters. These serve often as toilets, but also used to blowing various of waste. often were situated near the wells. Their výplń waste of the character then often seeped into the groundwater, respectively, to nearby wells and its content (mainly feces and other decaying matter) badger drinking water. And for this reason were frequent diarrheal and other diseases or even worse disease. Central beverage was in the time between the other beer, and even in the arrangements for the children (it was weaker). In general, this problem began to fundamentally solve in 15. and rather to in 16. century.
Generally in the wells are different elements which are being contested matter, the coins starting through out the buckets (or, rather, their metal parts), but also ceramics, etc., especially when the well ceased to be used and was backfilled as a waste sink. However, there are also such as human bones (the skeletons) - this is the case e.g. at the well of the castle Špilberk in Brno.
Modern well
With the building of the first riga the forts (forts) there was a need for their security after page of water intake. For this reason, were given to these objects well (or even more wells). Of course the purity of the water source was guarded. Should be noted that besides the common needs of soldiers and possibly animals, too, begin to appear the first systems to your operation in need of water (especially for cooling). We can already talk about water infrastructure (i.e. pipes, etc.).
The city routinely used the well until the 19th. century then their importance gradually declined. In principle, however, it was mostly about the deeper structures with prvnímy, albeit primitivnímy pumps. Also the infrastructure was more sophisticated. Ultimately, they were mostly replaced by artificial ponds and fresh water resources began to become a dam or other larger areas.
Last but not least, it should be noted čs. permanent fortifications, where every single log object and tvrzový had your water intake - well. This was vrtána/kicked and subsequently concreted.
So, in general, that the well was an essential prerequisite for the existence of the majority of většich of the fortified objects of the middle ages, was a common part of cities and was a normal part of all younger fortifications.
Sources:
https://www.valka.cz/topic/view/64606#230479
own visit.