Gudkov Gu-1

Гудков Гу-1
     
Název:
Name:
Gudkov Gu-1 Gudkov Gu-1
Originální název:
Original Name:
Гудков Гу-1
Kategorie:
Category:
stíhací letoun fighter aeroplane
Výrobce:
Producer:
DD.MM.1943-DD.MM.1943 Moskevský letecký závod č. 156, Moskva /
Období výroby:
Production Period:
DD.MM.1943-DD.MM.1943
Vyrobeno kusů:
Number of Produced:
1
První vzlet:
Maiden Flight:
12.06.1943
Osádka:
Crew:
1
Základní charakteristika:
Basic Characteristics:
 
Vzlet a přistání:
Take-off and Landing:
CTOL - konvenční vzlet a přistání CTOL - conventional take-off and landing
Uspořádání křídla:
Arrangement of Wing:
jednoplošník monoplane
Uspořádání letounu:
Aircraft Concept:
klasické conventional
Podvozek:
Undercarriage:
zatahovací retractable
Přistávací zařízení:
Landing Gear:
kola wheels
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Hmotnost prázdného letounu:
Empty Weight:
3742 kg 8250 lb
Vzletová hmotnost:
Take-off Weight:
4600 kg 10141 lb
Maximální vzletová hmotnost:
Maximum Take-off Weight:
? kg ? lb
Rozpětí:
Wingspan:
10 m 32ft 9,69in
Délka:
Length:
10,68 m 35ft 0,47in
Výška:
Height:
4,60 m 15ft 1,09in
Plocha křídla:
Wing Area:
20 m2 215.28 ft2
Plošné zatížení:
Wing Loading:
203 kg/m2 41.58 lb/ft2
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Kategorie:
Category:
pístový piston
Počet motorů:
Number of Engines:
1
Typ:
Type:
Mikulin AM-41 (AM-39UV) Mikulin AM-41 (AM-39UV)
Objem palivových nádrží:
Fuel Tank Capacity:
? ?
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Maximální rychlost:
Maximum Speed:
6741) km/h v 7500 m 418.81) mph in 24606 ft
Cestovní rychlost:
Cruise Speed:
? km/h v m ? mph in 0 ft
Rychlost stoupání:
Climb Rate:
? m/s ? ft/min
Čas výstupu na výšku:
Time to Climb to:
7,5 min do 50001) m 7,5 min to 164041) ft
Operační dostup:
Service Ceiling:
? m ? ft
Dolet:
Range:
? km ? mi
Maximální dolet:
Maximum Range:
? km ? mi
Výzbroj:
Armament:
1x pevný kanón (zrejme typu Taubin MP-6) kalibru 23 mm s palebným priemerom 81 nábojov
6x pevný guľomet ŠKAS kalibru 7,62 mm
One fixed forward-firing cannon cal 0.939 inch Taubin MP-6 (probably), 81 rounds and
six fixed forward-firing machine-guns 0.3 inch ShKAS
Uživatelské státy:
User States:
- -
Poznámka:
Note:
1) vypočítaný údaj 1) theoretical data
Zdroje:
Sources:
Шавров, В.Б.: История конструкций самолетов в СССР 1938-1950 гг.
Орлов, М., Якубович, Н.: Через тернии к звездам, О самолетах и их конструкторе М.И.Гудкове in Крылья Родины 6/2002
Перов, В., Растренин, О.: Самолеты поля боя in Авиация и Космонавтика 3/2001
Котельников, В.: Потомки М-34 in Авиация и космонавтика 10/2011
Gordon, Y., Gunston, B.: Soviet X-Planes, Midland Publishing, 2000

Gudkov Gu-1 -


URL : https://www.valka.cz/Gudkov-Gu-1-t195089#561892 Version : 0

Gudkov Gu-1 - origin and development





After the gradual disintegration of the joint design bureau LaGG (Lavochkin, Gorbunov, Gudkov) in 1940, whose work was the pilots' not very popular fighter LaGG-3, nicknamed the "varnished guaranteed coffin", Mikhail Ivanovich Gudkov continued his design work on his own fighter aircraft project Gu-1. By Soviet standards at the time, it was an unconventional design that shared many features with the American Bell P-39 Airacobra. Both machines had a three-point nose-type landing gear, an engine located in the centre of gravity behind the cockpit, and massive armament.


The design for the "Soviet Airacobra" was drawn up by Gorbunov in mid-September 1940, and the Defence Committee's decision to build a prototype was also issued at the end of October of the same year. However, due to the invasion of the USSR by the troops of the Hitler coalition and the catastrophic defeats of the Soviet troops in the early years of the war, it was not until the spring of 1943 that the prototype could be built. At that time, Gudkov's design bureau was located on the grounds of Plant No. 156. The theoretical calculations of flight parameters looked excellent: the max. speed was not to be lower than 700 km/h, with a landing speed of 135 km/h. The range was to be 1,000 km and the approach 10,000 m. The machine had a powerful armament: two or four synchronized machine guns in the fuselage, two or four unsynchronized machine guns in the wings and a cannon firing through a hollow shaft propeller. However, the sources differ as to what calibre and type of machine guns and cannon these were. Usually, authors Yefim Gordon and Bill Gunston2) cite the cannon of designer Taubin cal as the reference source. 37 mm and six machine guns ŠKAS, the same weapon configuration is also described by Vadim Shavrov3). The well-known Russian columnist and author of dozens of books on Soviet N.I. Yakubovich states4) the cannon cal. 23 mm, two UBS machine guns and two SKAS. The internet sources are in most cases just copies of the books or articles mentioned above.


What the reality was is difficult to ascertain, but nevertheless there are several clues that cast doubt on the cannon's cal. 37 mm constructor Taubin. For one thing, the development of this cannon was not completed. Yakov Grigorievich Taubin had to suspend the more than two years of development and testing as he was pressed by deadlines for the completion of another of his guns: MP-6 kal. 23 mm. Ultimately, this too was later one of the points of the indictment against Taubin, who failed to complete development of several types of weapons and thus, according to the indictment, caused the slowdown in the introduction of cannon armament into the air armament during the difficult war years. At that time, such accusations in most cases ended similarly - by putting the guilty party before the firing squad. Taubin was no different - he was found guilty and executed on October 28, 1941. Secondly, it is not clear why Gudkov would have fitted his machine with a gun that had not passed state tests and had not been put into mass production. Finally, the question is offered as to why, if he wanted to have a cal. 37 mm, did he not use Spitalny's Sh-37 cannon of the same calibre, of which he had already had experience in fitting into his K-37? Therefore, it seems very likely that Gudkov used a different cannon, namely the cal. 23 mm.


In favor of the assumption of a cal. 23 mm is its one third less weight compared to the cannon cal. 37 mm, higher cadence (rate of fire) and the possibility to carry a larger ammunition supply. However, the disadvantage of the VJa-23 gun is its high recoil, due to which it was not mounted in fighter aircraft, but only as a wing gun in the Ilyushin Il-2 strike fighter.


Therefore, the assumption that the Taubin gun was indeed fitted to the Gu-1, but not the Kal, appears as not entirely unrealistic in light of the above. 37 mm, but cal. 23 mm. Thus, specifically the MP-6 type. It was the one that had, as stated in all relevant sources, a magazine for 81 rounds, consisting of nine cartridges with nine rounds in each5). Moreover, it was at that time officially introduced into the armament of the air force and its production was carried out in the factories in Tula and in Kovrov, so it was relatively available.


As for the number and caliber of machine guns mounted in the fuselage and wings I lean towards Yefim Gordon and Vadim Shavrov's claims of six SKAS machine guns. I base this on the fact that Gudkov also used the stock of these machine guns on his previous projects, and only for the successor of the described type, which was to have the designation Gu-2, he planned, in addition to the NS-45 cal. 45 mm, also the mounting of two ŠVAK cal. 20 mm, two ŠKAS machine guns and two UBS machine guns. Which seems to be a logical arrangement, since the Gudkov Gu-2 was supposed to belong to the "heavy fighter" category.


Let's go back to the Gu-1, though. The experimental engine of Mikulin's design bureau, the AM-41, originally designated AM-39UV(АМ-39УВ), was intended to power the prototype. The Mikulin AM-39 engine served as the engine's base, with an extended crankshaft6) providing the transfer of the engine's driving force, located in the middle of the machine, to the reducer. Thus, the machine was ready and needed to be cast. To this end, Gudkov approached an experienced test pilot, Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Nikashin, with whom he had worked in the past on tests of the I-301 and LaGG-3. After three taxiing sessions (the first on 18.03.1943) and short overflights at 10 cm and 20 cm above the runway, respectively, came D-Day - 12 June 1943. The first Gu-1 takeoff was scheduled for this day. [Alexey Nikashin[/url] warmed up the engine and released the aircraft's brakes at 14.15. The Gu-1 took an unusually long time to take off and only pulled away from the concrete runway after about 800 meters. After a slight overshoot, it started to gain altitude rapidly, but only got to 200 m above the airfield. After 2-3 minutes of flight, the pilot started a slight left turn, the engine was running normally by the sound, the landing gear was extended. At that moment the machine fell to the ground on the wing. The pilot switched on the forcing mode to collect the stall, but the low altitude no longer allowed him to do so. The machine hit the ground violently, the test pilot was killed on impact.


The commission investigating the crash ended its inquiry quickly - the designer and a poorly designed machine were to blame. However, they somehow forgot to pay attention to the fact that the model aircraft, after blowing in the CAGI wind tunnel, static tests and strength calculations, had received confirmation from the relevant authorities that it met the required prerequisites. It is also questionable why it was not taken into account that in the first low overflights, the machine left the ground after only 500 metres and on the day of the disaster needed up to 800 metres to leave the ground? If, according to witnesses, the engine was working normally, only the low angle of the propeller blades could have been to blame. However, the designer was to blame.


The design bureau was disbanded after this incident, all work on the Gu-1 was stopped.



2) Gordon, Y., Gunston, B.: Soviet X-Planes, Midland Publishing, 2000
3) Shavrov, V.B.: History of aircraft designs in the USSR 1938-1950, Mashinostroenie, Moscow 1988
4) Orlov, M., Yakubovich, N.: Through the Thorns to the Stars, About Airplanes and their Designer M.I.Gudkov in Krylia Rodina 6/2002
5)Shirokorad, A. B.: History of aviation armament. A brief essay. Harvest, 1999, ISBN: 985-433-695-6
6) Kotelnikov, V.: Descendants of M-34 in Aviation and Cosmonautics 10/2011
Perov, V., Rastrenin, O.: Battlefield Aircraft in Aviation and Cosmonautics 3/2001
http://masterok.livejournal.com/610269.html
авиару.рф]
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Gudkov-Gu-1-t195089#561947 Version : 0
http: //авиару.рф/aviamuseum/aviatsiya/sssr/istrebiteli-2/1940-e-1950-e-gody/istrebiteli-gudkova/istrebitel-gu-1/
Орлов, М., укубович, N .: Через тернии

Gudkov Gu-1 - rekonštrukcia vzhľadu Gudkova Gu-1 v deň jeho prvého a zároveň aj posledného letu (V.Šavrov však tvrdí, že lietadlo bolo červené, leštené do vysokého lesku, čo zodpovedalo dobovému sovietskemu zvyku)

rekonštrukcia vzhľadu Gudkova Gu-1 v deň jeho prvého a zároveň aj posledného letu (V.Šavrov však tvrdí, že lietadlo bolo červené, leštené do vysokého lesku, čo zodpovedalo dobovému sovietskemu zvyku)
Gudkov Gu-1 - Motor Mikulin AM-41 vybratý z trosiek Gu-1

Motor Mikulin AM-41 vybratý z trosiek Gu-1
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Gudkov-Gu-1-t195089#561893 Version : 0
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