Gorazdowski, Tadeusz

     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Gorazdowski Gorazdowski
Jméno:
Given Name:
Tadeusz Tadeusz
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Tadeusz Gorazdowski
Fotografie či obrázek:
Photograph or Picture:
Hodnost:
Rank:
komandor podporucznik komandor podporucznik
Akademický či vědecký titul:
Academic or Scientific Title:
? ?
Šlechtický titul:
Hereditary Title:
- -
Datum, místo narození:
Date and Place of Birth:
03.04.1907 Mariupol /
03.04.1907 Mariupol /
Datum, místo úmrtí:
Date and Place of Decease:
25.11.1968 Charlottetown /
25.11.1968 Charlottetown /
Nejvýznamnější funkce:
(maximálně tři)
Most Important Appointments:
(up to three)
velitel:
- ORP Błyskawica (H 34)
- ORP Piorun (G 65)
- ORP Krakowiak (L 115)
Commander:
- ORP Błyskawica (H 34)
- ORP Piorun (G 65)
- ORP Krakowiak (L 115)
Jiné významné skutečnosti:
(maximálně tři)
Other Notable Facts:
(up to three)
- držitel Řádu Britského Impéria - Order of British Empire recipient
Související články:
Related Articles:

Zdroje:
Sources:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Gorazdowski
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Gorazdowski-Tadeusz-t70765#736646 Version : 0
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Gorazdowski Gorazdowski
Jméno:
Given Name:
Tadeusz Tadeusz
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Tadeusz Gorazdowski
Všeobecné vzdělání:
General Education:
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1926 Paňstwowem Gimnaziju im. Stefana Batorego
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1926 Paňstwowem Gimnaziju im. Stefana Batorego
Vojenské vzdělání:
Military Education:
DD.MM.1926-DD.MM.1929 Důstojnická škola válečného námořnictva
DD.MM.1926-DD.MM.1929 Navy Officers School
Důstojnické hodnosti:
Officer Ranks:
DD.MM.RRRR
DD.MM.RRRR
Průběh vojenské služby:
Military Career:
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR
Vyznamenání:
Awards:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Gorazdowski
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Gorazdowski-Tadeusz-t70765#736647 Version : 0
Second Lieutenant Commander Tadeusz Gorazdowski

Commander of four destroyers under the Polish flag during World War II.
His subordinates were devoted to him, although he did not shy away from popularity. He very rarely raised his voice and hardly used vulgar words. He could be an unrivalled role model: intelligent, energetic, courageous and fair, a leader type. But everyone who knew him admitted that he was not exactly a "knight without fear or reproach", mostly because of his fondness for alcohol, which he was able to suppress completely at crucial moments. He resented his superiors on shore, which they returned in equal coin, but they could not overlook his qualities and "martial luck". The most important thing was that no ship under his command was sunk, nor did he lose a single crewman.


Born 3 April 1907 in Sartana, southern Russia. He lived in Choszcówka near Warsaw until he joined the Navy. He graduated in 1926 from Warsaw's Paňstwowem Gimnaziju im. Stefan Batory. In 1926-1929 he was a cadet (podchorążym) of the Naval Faculty of the Officers' School of the Navy (Oficerska Szkoła Marynarki Wojennej - OSMW) in Toruń, from which he graduated twelfth in his class. After graduation he was appointed a second lieutenant of the navy (podporucznik marynarki).


After graduation, he was sent to the French Ecole d`Application des Enseignes de Vaisseau on 1 October 1929. Until 1 August 1930 he spent successively more than three months on the cruiser "Edgar Quintet", almost two months on the battleship "Bretagne" and finally five months on the destroyer "Simoun". After returning to his homeland, until 1932, he was successively a platoon commander in the recruiting company of the Navy in Świecie, an adjutant, a garrison officer and lecturer in the School of Naval Specialists, an adjutant, a garrison officer and a lecturer in the Cadet School of the Navy (Szkoła Podchorążych Marynarki Wojennej) in Toruń. In January 1932 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant (porucznik marynarki), in June of the same year he was appointed signal officer on the destroyer ORP "Burza", under construction in France. When the destroyer arrived in Poland, he stayed on it for 4 months. During his service he completed a course for signal officers, the first one organized in the Polish Navy. In December, he joined the Navy ORP "Wilia" as a navigation officer on a transport ship, where he stayed until the end of 1933. During his service he completed another special course, a six-month course for navigation officers. In December 1933 he was transferred to the Fleet Headquarters in Gdynia as a signal officer and later worked as a clerk in the Organization and Mobilization Section. At the end of 1934 he was called up again for service on ships. From December 1934 to April 1937 he served again on ORP "Burza", this time as a navigation officer. During this service, in March 1937 he was promoted to the rank of captain in the navy. In May of the same year he was given command of a warship for the first time - the gunboat ORP "Komendant Piłsudski". He remained in the post until May of the following year, when he was appointed head of the Organizational Section of the Fleet Headquarters Staff. He remained there until April 1939 and then served briefly as second-in-command, again on ORP "Wilia".


The 1 September 1939 found him as second-in-command on the destroyer ORP "Błyskawica"(from May). He also sailed to Great Britain aboard it on the eve of the war as part of Operation "Pekin". As from October to December 1939 the commander of the ship, Lieutenant Commander Kodrębski, was in a state of illness, T. Gorazdowski ORP "Błyskawica" was in command. In 1940, together with three other officers, he sent a report to the headquarters pointing out the faulty command of the commander of the "Błyskawica" (Lt. Commander Jerzy Umecki). For this reason, he was transferred to the Reserve Officers Group (Rezerwova Grupa Oficerów-RGO) on the ORP "Gdynia", subsequently commanded the Training Section and was the Director of Training at the Fleet Specialist Training Centre on the same ship. On 18 July 1940 he was appointed deputy commander of the worn-out French destroyer Ouragan', which was handed over to the Polish Navy on the same day. After less than two months, 9 September 1940, he was temporarily transferred again to ORP "Błyskawica", where he replaced the ill commander (Lieutenant Commander Stanisław Hryniewiecki) and 11 October of the same year returned to "Ouragan" as its commander. The service was difficult, especially mentally, as the destroyer was in very poor condition, out of 287 days under the Polish flag, she spent only 31 days at sea, 63 days in port and the rest, 194 days, in the shipyard with various technical problems. On 30 April 1941 she was then returned to the Free French Navy and abandoned by the Polish crew under the command of T. Gorazdovsky.
Tadeusz Gorazdowski was subsequently appointed commander of the brand new escort destroyer ORP "Krakowiak" on 1 May 1941 and promoted to the rank of Commander Second Lieutenant on 3 May. He commanded "Krakowiak" until May 1942 and July 25, 1942 took command of his last warship, the famous destroyer ORP "Piorun". He commanded it until 7 January 1945, with only a few months break in 1943, when he was briefly transferred to the mainland as head of the Training Department of the Naval War College. As commander of the ORP "Piorun", he was the author and co-author of three of the greatest achievements of the Polish Navy in World War II.
The greatest achievement was the participation of ORP "Piorun" and ORP "Błyskawica" in the Battle of Quessant (Ushant) on 8-9 June 1944, when the British 10th Destroyer Flotilla scattered the German 8th Destroyer Flotilla sent to attack Allied vessels off the coast of Normandy.
The second success was the sinking of two minesweepers on 13-14 June 1944[/b:aaaa] off the island of Jersey, which ORP "Lightning" shared with the destroyer HMS "Ashanti".
The third was the "Piorun's" 14 August 1944 share with the cruiser HMS "Diadem" and destroyer HMS "Onslow" in the attack on the German ship (blockade breaker and auxiliary anti-aircraft ship) "Sauerland"
Early in 1945 he was appointed I. Deputy Commander of the "Bałtyk" camp and from July of the same year an officer of the Naval Command "North", then in December 1945 a clerk in the Naval History Department.


After the disbandment of the Polish Navy in Great Britain, on 9 April 1947[/b:aaaa], he joined the Polish Training and Deployment Corps. As he was formally qualified as a long-distance captain, he organised sea fishing under the British Colonial Development Affairs Corporation, including in The Gambia and Hong Kong. After a few years he emigrated, with his family, to Canada. Here he lived in Charlottentown on Prince Edward Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and worked in the Canadian Border Service. Until he became ill, he served as an officer on the large icebreaker "Wolfe", which belonged to the Canadian Coast Guard Service. He died on November 25, 1968[/b:aaaa] at the age of 61. He was buried two days later in Charlottetown Cemetery. On the cross of the modest headstone is a simple inscription:" Commander Tadeusz Gorazdowski, Polish Navy, April 3. 1907 - November 25. 1968.


Ensign Commander Tadeusz Gorazdowski spent more than 10 years aboard warships, during which time he received the following decorations:
1939 - French Merite Maritime
1940 - Order of the British Empire (as second-in-command of ORP "Błyskawica")
1943 and 1944 - Distinguished Service Cross and Bar (as commander of ORP "Krakowiak" and ORP "Piorun")
1944 - Mention in Despatches (as commander of ORP "Piorun")
1946 - Silver Cross Virtuti Militari
1946 - Medal Morski with three bars (for combat service for 42 months and 27 days)


also received after the war:
- Medal for Long Service
- medaili 1939-1945 Star
- Atlantic Star
- Defence Medal 1939-45


Tadeusz Gorazdowski was married twice. He divorced his first wife Zofia Blandyna Sempolińska, with whom he had a daughter Joanna Zofia Teresa (*1936), in 1939. During the war he met Susan Esslemont, a nurse at the Royal Navy Hospital, whom he married a few months later. They had three daughters together - Joanna, Olenka and Patricia - and a son, Michael.
In 1991, his daughter Olenka Graham, fulfilling her father's last will, donated his flag, decorations and documents to the Museum of Naval Warfare in Gdynia (Muzeum Marynarki Wojennej v Gdyni)



Source:
MORZE magazine:no.6 (764), June 1998. Warszawa: Korporacja TIGOR S.A. 1998, published monthly. ISSN 0137-2823
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Tadeusz Gorazdowski
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