Nakadžima Ki 27 [Nate]

Nakajima Ki-27 - přehled verzí
Nakajima Ki-27 - overview of versions

"Army fighter plane Type97"

Japanese label: 九七式戦闘機 - Kjūnana-shik sentōki

Allied code name: Abdul later, Nate

Nakajima PE
the prototype, which was affected by the franco-japanese design Nakajima Ki 12

Nakajima Ki-27a
1936 the first takeoff, there was a competition, in which Nakajima was compared with machines of other companies, and the Ki-27 came out as the winner.

Nakajima Ki-27b
in the arsenal since march, 1939, was extended the range of installing auxiliary fuel tanks, improved view from the cab towards the rear, the installation of radio stations and the adjustment of the engine cover were the main changes on this type of

Nakajima Ki-27a Kaizo
aging aircraft are being used to pokračovacímu training in flight schools. The removal of the covers of bogie wheels to facilitate traffic at the airports

Nakajima Ki-27 KAI
only two prototypes made, the pursuit of output growth to hit the fragility of the structure

On the basis of the licensed production and self-development for the production of the Ki-27 has established production practice Mashyu Ki-79

It produced a total of 3 999 aircraft like the Ki-27.
The production involved:
Nakajima Hikoki Kabushiki Kaisha. - made 2 020 aircraft.
Mansyu Hikoki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. - made 1 379 aircraft.
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History:
• Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun Kōkū Hombu (Imperial army air force) in 1935, to urge its supplier of aviation equipment, to each designed and built two prototypes of modern fighter aircraft, Rikugun Kōkū Hombu is tested and the winning type will become the standard army fighter. The idea of a truly modern self-supporting cantilever monoplane gave the japanese army the company 三菱飛行機株式会社 – Mitsubishi Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to as Mitsubishi), which is already in 1934, tried to offer the army air force prototype jednoplošného fighter aircraft with the designation Ki-18, because this company didn't have the spare development capacity in the development of a completely new fighter for the army, occurred on the denavalizaci prototype navy fighter 9-Shi (later famous A5M Claude). Prototype Ki-18 he was, however, the army air force, refused for a little maneuverability. We must remember that agility has been in the japanese air force then the most basic requirement, which has been subject to almost everything and biplanes the Kawasaki Ki-10 that were Ki-18 compared, were really more skilled. In this respect, it was the japanese naval air force more progressive than the air force of the army. Finally, therefore, even in the air force, it was decided to equip its fighter units with modern jednoplošníkem, of course there was a condition on the agility, that should be only slightly worse than the u Ki-10.

• Mitsubishi now for the fulfillment of military requirements modified serial naval fighter A5M2a prototype Ki-33 and applied it to the competition, the machine was of course lightened by the naval gear.

• The company 川崎航空工機業株式会社 - Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter Kawasaki) built a low-wing very curvy shapes. Kawasaki was true to its tradition and used to drive the inline engine of its own production Kawasaki Ha-9-II, two prototypes had indications the Kawasaki Ki-28.

• The company 中島飛行機株式会社 - Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to as Nakajima) and its engineers were in the design of the jednoplošníků newcomers, recall prototypes Nakajima Ki-11 and japan-French beauty Nakajimu Ki-12, but that was for Rikugun Kōkū Hombu too modern, but on the other hand its construction has influenced the design of the experimental airplane Nakajima PE (Pursuit Experimental. This aircraft was the private initiative of the company Nakajima, was simpler and particularly lighter than the Ki-12, the engine was a radial, Nakajima Kotobuki 2 Kai and had fixed landing gear. Interesting was far ahead stretched the cover to open the cabin, which surely everyone interested. Its purpose was to cover the telescopic sights. Nakajima, however, feared that the plane PE fails to meet the requirements for agility. The first prototype, the designers have modified it so that the increased bearing area and already 15. 10. 1936 presented as the prototype of the Ki-27.01. The second prototype was more edited, swelled up again, the wing span and also has changed his profile, the cabin was stretched forward, but already closed. This prototype flew in February 1937, he was skillful and to use and that meet the main criterion for the new fighter jet.

• At the beginning of the year 1937 began comparative tests of all the prototypes at the Army aero-technical research institute in the city of Tachikawa. Tests it has been shown that the most powerful aircraft was the Kawasaki Ki-28, that was his maximum speed of 485 km/h 17 km/h faster than the Nakajima Ki-27. Agility however, was not the strong suit of this powerful machine, the most skilful was the Ki-27 and behind him only slightly lagged Ki-33. For example, třistašedesátistupňovou turn carried out the Ki-27 in 8.1 seconds with a turning circle of 86 m, while the Ki-28 needed a 9.5 with and a diameter of 111 m and Ki-33 of 9.8 s on 97,5 m. if we Compare the soviet fighters Polikarpov I-16 type 5 he could rotate for 15 s, I-152, in 11 with and finally-153 in 12.5 s. On the basis of the successful tests was the Nakajima invited for the construction of ten pre-series machines, these differ from the prototypes of the cover of the cockpit, shape of the tail and especially the installation of a more powerful engine Nakajima Ha-1b, the powered two-position two-blade propeller, which she set on the ground. Last, the closing speed, the aircraft took over the army air force in December 1937 and in Tachikawě two more weeks then there were the army tests. The aircraft was accepted into the armaments of the army air forces under the designation "Army fighter, Type 97 Model And"

• Nakajima was preparing mass production in advance, even before he was declared the winner of the competition, whether it was the foresight of the leadership, or something else... what is Certain is that around of the contest was filed several complaints. Serial production will be launched in December 1937, in a factory in Life. Several of the pilots-veterans from China could have a new machine to try out and lavished with praise and enthusiasm. Japanese army air force received the most manoeuvrable aircraft and many pilots claimed that it is the most skilful in the world, said to outmaneuver even biplanes.
In the spring of the following year 1938 the first machines were shipped to China. The fighting came as the first three serial machine 10.April 1938 in 1.Chutai 2.Hiko-Daitai, when kpt.Takeo Kato shot down three fighter aircraft Polikarpov I-15 the chinese air force. It happened already during the first operating flight. Devadesátsedmička recorded immediately achievements, it was a really great maneuverable aircraft and the japanese pilots were among the best on this battlefield, only a small activity of the chinese air force was the cause, that the further kills have already been rare.

• Too light construction of the aircraft had one significant drawback and that was the inability to perform a major modernization, which could increase the performance, range or amplification equipment. On the other hand, I have to say that the Rikugun Koku Hombu so far not even considered over higher performances, or bulkier the armor, this route was promoted in Europe and the japanese design school she went her way extremely light fighters, but just a small range was the essence of slight modernisation. Since 1939, after the completion of about 300 aircraft Ki-27a, started the production line leaving the next version of the Nakajima Ki-27b. The most significant adjustment was fully glazed cabin and the possibility to hang under the centroplán four small bombs or two drop tanks of a total capacity of 266 liters (2x 133 l) that allow to extend the range to 1 100 km. Were tested two prototypes of the Ki-27 KAI, you should be in the pilot seat trupovou tank, but this arrangement was unsuccessful because the machine was unbalanced, likewise were the attempts of the installation of protective packaging, fuel tanks or projects on the amplification equipment.

• Meanwhile, there has been a resurgence of fighting in the chinese sky when 7 aircraft Ki-27b from 64.Sentai at the end of April 1939 got into fights with twenty polikarpov-type construction of the I-152 over the Nanchangem. Occurred on the first loss, the two Ki-27 had been shot down, but managed to shoot down also 11 I-152, it was just a prelude to the big fight at the river Khalkhin gol. Here devadesátsedmička met for the first time with I-16, which was a more advanced type of coming from a completely different design school. Just better trained japanese pilots and their previous combat experience has allowed the japanese supremacy in the air. For the Japanese it was ... unpleasant discovery that the I-16 carried in its arsenal velkorážné machine guns or cannons and these guns have lightweight construction devadesátsedmiček completely devastating effect. Two machine guns the Type 89 the caliber of 7.7 mm, which were armed with japanese fighters were not effective enough to shoot down fighters with sealing covers of fuel tanks. It was an unpleasant knowledge, and Rikugun Koku Hombu to them could react, it took quite a long time is already a thing second, and this procrastination has cost Japan many experienced pilots. Meeting with the I-16 but eventually led to the formation of the fighters Nakajima Ki-44 or Kawasaki Ki-61. Intentionally skip reported losses and victories by the two parties and their nevěrohodnost. Battle over khalkhin gol-the golem ended up 16. September 1939, then here Ki-27 were used for patrol flights until 1943.

• One more modification of this fighter was the important machine of the last production blocks were no longer used as a fighter, stripped of it's various training centers and flight schools, combat units have already received a successor - a much more powerful aircraft Nakajimu Ki-43 Hayabuza. Devadesátsedmičky, which were used for training have been disarmed, or has been left one machine gun, always have removed the aerodynamic wheel covers and the tires were a balloon, it was open to traffic on grassy airports. It also helped the tail wheel, which was replaced by a solid foot. Sometimes there are so modified machines labeled as Ki-27a/b KAI Kaizo or more commonly: "a practice fighter plane Type 97 model a/B". The main distinguishing feature were the wide tires with the fender, because on wet airports mechanics sometimes remove wheel covers to nezacpaly mud, then but the tires remained narrow and no fenders.

• A separate issue is whether, in the manchurian Chabrinu at the factory Manshu was a license production of the Ki-27, the british sources say 1 379 made in July 1942, however, there is the possibility of confusion with the practice Manshu Ki-79, which emerged from the type of the Ki-27. Nakajima produced a total of 2 017 aircraft and again there is no match between the strands to where production was taking place, somewhere is given the end of production in 1942, and somewhere October 1940 (personally this date I consider more likely).

• Ki-27 got allocated two code names both in China Abdul and on other battlefields Nate, later to unite to Nate. He participated in the fighting in China, Indochina, Burma, Malaya, the Dutch east Indies and the Philippines, the longest hold on the chinese battlefield, the other was from 1942 deployed only rarely.

• Very interesting events is the deployment Ki-27b against B-29 nalétávajícím on the manchu city. With regard to the big difference in the performance was perhaps the only tactic and it ascend, in advance, to a height of 8 000 metres, wait for the bombers and then attack head-on. On a repetition of the attack wasn't thought, for even a loaded B-29 flew away. There is no known record of the victory of either side..
Nakadžima Ki 27 [Nate] - Zdroj: http://www.ne.jp/asahi/airplane/museum/cl-pln6/97Fighter.html

Zdroj: www.ne.jp
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The views from the side for a quick resolution of the aeroplane type. The last Ki-27b has only removed "the bucket".
Nakadžima Ki 27 [Nate] -


URL : https://www.valka.cz/Nakadzima-Ki-27-Nate-t35095#155424 Version : 0
sources:
René J. Francillon Ph. d., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland, Reprinted 1990, ISBN-0-87021-313-X
Robert C. Mikesh and Shorzoe Abe, Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941, Naval Institute Press, London, 1990, ISBN: 1-155750-563-2
Vaclav Nemecek, Military aircraft 3., Our troops, Prague 1992, 3. supplemented edition, ISBN 80-206-0117-1
Szeremeta Zygmunt, Wieliczko, Leszek, Nakajima Ki 27 Nate - ostatnie egzemplarze, Kagero Nr.11, ISBN: 83-89088-51-7
L+K no 19, 20, 21 and 22, the Monographs of the Ki-27, Hornát George
Famous Airplanes of the World Nakajima Army Type 97 Fighter (Ki-27), Well. 29, 1991/7, Bunrin-Do Co., Ltd.,
www.go2war2.nl
www.militaryfactory.com
archives of the author.
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