Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel

Field Marshal Emanuel Salomon Free Lord of Friedberg-Mírohorský
Field Marshal Lieutenant Emanuel Salomon Freiherr von Friedberg-Mírohorský


Born on January 18, 1829 in Prague.
He died on December 10, 1908 in Prague

In two years, we will commemorate two significant anniversaries. In 2008, 100 years will pass since the issue of the final XXVII. part of the basic series "Otto's Dictionary of Science" and at the same time the centenary of the death of one of the major contributors to this groundbreaking work in Czech culture, an interesting man of many talent, Austrian soldier and Czech painter, writer, patriot -
Emanuel Salomon the Free Lord of Friedberg - Mírohorský
(Giant)


He was born on January 18, 1829 in Prague as the only child from the first marriage of his father, economic council and tenant Augustin Ignác Salomon of Friedberg (* 1795, +1870) with Terezia Fialková (* 1803, +1829) and at his baptism in the church of the Virgin Marie Sněžná in the New Town of Prague was named Emanuel Josef August František Karel. However, his mother died 8 days after his birth (January 26, 1829) in the sixth week. Although she could no longer influence herself on the upbringing of young Emanuel, her family remained, when especially her brother - Emanuel's uncle - Mořic Fialka (1809 - 1869) undoubtedly influenced his Czech patriotism and with his attitude, behavior and opinions especially on the relationship between Slavs and Germans in the Austrian Empire helped shaped the whole future life attitude of his nephew.


Mořic Fialka joined the army after graduating from high school, served in the famous 28th Infantry Regiment, in the years 1838-1844 served as teacher of the Czech language at the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna's New Town, then fought with his tribal regiment in 1848-49 and in 1859. In the same year he was promoted to aristocratic status and in 1864 retired as a colonel. However, he was always a role model for his nephew not only as a deserving officer, but also with his national work, as a diligent contributing contributor to many Czech newspapers and magazines, literary and translation activities - in 1843 he translated into Czech eg [b ] "New Training Rules of the Czech Infantry", but in 1843-44, among other things, the novel "Oliver Twist" Ch. Dickens and his other works. He also strengthened this love for his native language with his nephew, and he proudly declared himself to be all Czech from his youth. As in the 17th century, the predicate of Solomon was Latinized in the form "de Monte Pacis", under the influence of awareness of the Czech nationality Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg honored the surname to "Mírohorský". Undoubtedly, he was also influenced in this by his classmate from the Prague grammar school in Klementinum, Adalbert Fingerhut, better known by his later Czech transcription of his name - Vojta Náprstek. Like his classmate Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg - Mírohorský, he remarked at the time:


"Among the classmates especially nice was also Fingerhut Adalbertus, a son from Halánky, sincere, healthy, well fed, deft and willing. He is from a rich house, he always had pockets full of sweets according to the season: chestnuts, hard-boiled eggs, gooseberries, apples, sweet wood, confectionery, with which he generously tasted sweet classmates, but he also carried mental food especially for all of us, Czech readings, which we devoured all the more eagerly, because we were strictly required to always speak German, although many were quite harsh. . " 7)
Emanuel Salomon soon showed his undeniable painting, and later also writing and linguistic and translation talent, and so his whole life moves in symbiosis between the exemplary performance of the military duties of an Austrian officer on the one hand and artistic work on the other.


He first learned the basics of drawing from the Czech painters Jan Kroupa (* 1794, +1875) and Martin Tejček (* 1780, +1847). Then a young, bright and talented boy inIn 1837, in the first year of his studies at the Old Town Academic Grammar School in Prague, he also attended the figural and portrait school of the director of the Academy, František Xavier Tkadlík, at the Academy of Painting. However, because he is fully occupied with teaching adult students and does not have much time for a young boy, his father entrusted him to Antonín Mánes, who also taught his two sons Quid and Josef at his landscape school. He underwent a full academic course with this teacher, and the works preserved from that time show not only great talent, but also early maturity. However, the desire of young Emanuel Salomon to continue his studies at the Academy of Painting and become a painter was not allowed by his father, and in 1840 an eleven-year-old boy was enrolled, certainly after consultation with his brother-in-law, in the second year of the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna's New Town (Fig. II).


At that time, his uncle also worked as a Czech language teacher at the school, and he continued to cultivate Czech patriotism in the young Emanuel Salomon.
In 1846, Salomon was decommissioned as Lieutenant II. Klasse - Lieutenant II. class, however, he remains for a year in the academy in a higher course, where drawing and painting were most recently taught, of course with a focus on the needs of the army. In 1847, as a premiant of the course, he was included in the rank of Lieutenant I. Klasse - Lieutenant Class I in the 28th Infantry Regiment "La Tourova" se based in Terezín. The owner of the regiment was from 1832 until his death Theodor František Count Baillet de La Tour (* 15. 6. 1780 Linz - + violent death on October 6, 1848 during the riots in Vienna).


On holiday in Prague, a young lieutenant improves in landscape painting with his former senior classmate from the Mánes School, later Professor Bedřich Havránek - a representative of Mannerism (* January 4, 1821, Prague, March 1, 1899).


In April, a stormy year, 1848, he and his regiment marched through Pilsen, Regensburg, Munich and Innsbruck to rebellious Lombardy-Veneto, where under Radecký fought several times in June at Adiža, then as a battalion aide on July 23 at Sommacampagni, on July 25 at Custozza and on July 27 at Volta, and then on August 4 at Milan .
On the first of August he was promoted to Oberleutnant and then transferred to the beginning of August back to Terezín.
However, from where he immediately sets off with the 2nd Battalion of his regiment through Prague and Olomouc to rebellious Vienna, he takes part in the fighting at the end of October and in the final occupation of the city.
He left Vienna on December 4 in the army corps of Jelačič, first to Most nad Litavou and then to rebellious Hungary, where he fought in the battles of December 16 at Parendorf, in the harsh winter of December 30 at Móor, then on January 3, 1849 at Tetín and 5 January 1849 he entered the army with the army.


He took part in other battles on February 14 at Tornalja and on February 24 at Pétervašár
For bravery in the two-day bloody battle on February 26 and 27 near Kápolna, he was later awarded the Military Cross of Merit with war decorations and Russian Order of St. Anne 3rd degree with swords.[/b ]
He fought other battles at Hatvan on April 2 and 5, at Isaszeg on April 6, at Czinkota and Pest daily from April 8 to 21, 1849.


In June, he was assigned to the General Staff and assigned to the Danube Army under Haynaue. He then took part in the battles of this Danube army on 28 June at Rab, on 2 and 11 July at Komárno, on 5 August at Severin and Söreg and on 9 August at Timisoara.
Subsequently, he was definitively transferred to the General Staff and his crew was in Budapest.
He was not even 22 years old (!), When he was promoted to Hauptmann II on November 1, 1850. Klasse - Centurion II. class. Then he briefly changed crews in Timisoara, again Budapest and back to Timisoara, where in 1853 he advanced to Hauptmann I. Klasse - a centurion of the 1st class. V 50.In the 1930s he was commissioned by the army command to paint several scenes from the war in Hungary for the emperor, so in 1851 he traveled on the Hungarian battlefields with the painter Albrecht Adam (* 1786 - +1862) called from Munich to paint genre paintings of several battles.


After completing this task, he can give his full talent and painting skills to his new military specialization - military cartography and as a later cartographer at the Vienna Military Geographical Institute (which he got to only after doing excellent cartographic work in the rugged terrain of the Romanian mountains in then the Wallachian Principality), this excellent mapper begins to devote himself to military mapping in Banat, Vojvodina, Wallachia, Hungary and Veneto.
In 1853, for example, he re-aimed (reambulated) a part of the Serbian Serb Regiment near Stara Moldava by the Danube in the former Military Border, according to the order of the commanding general, Count Coronini, and the previously printed general map of Serbian Vojvodina and Temes Banat was reassembled by him.


However, he always used his free time to paint and further self-educate in this lifelong hobby. During his vacation in Prague, he exhibited in the Unity of the Beautiful (Klementinum) "Scenes from the War in Hungary"
In the spring of 1854 he was a member of the General Staff of Wolf's Division of the Serbian-Banat Corps in Vršec, and soon afterwards he was transferred to Verona and in the autumn to Prague to the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps.


At that time, around 1855, his other hobby - literary work - began to develop, and the later he began with it, it grew all the more dynamically. Although painting was always the first place in his art, after a short time he "complained": "... despite the fact that I rarely write and paint constantly and I consider myself more a painter than a writer, surprisingly, every person writes to me to the address on the letters "writer" and none of them writes "painter" ... "6)
His talent in the field of language, which manifested itself already during his studies at the grammar school and later at the Theresian Academy, when he always belonged to the best students, is developing rapidly, and so he becomes a polyglot, speaking more than ten other languages in addition to his mother tongue. (although he modestly admits a lower number in his resume). He masters some at such a high level that he translates works from English, French and Italian.


Despite the hectic way of military life with constant migration, he wrote to the Prague newspapers at first, but soon his contributions, often supplemented by the author's illustrations from the environment he wrote about, were known to all editors of Czech magazines. Readers directly demanded his articles, Jan Neruda also published them in his newspapers. His literary work soon began to include more demanding and extensive works. For example, he wrote his memoirs, a treatise on warfare, but the dominant work for him at this time (until 1870) was his active collaboration on the creation of "Riegrova dictionary " (whose 11 volumes were published in 1859-1874). Even with the rank of major, he contributed to him slogans from the field of military and fine arts. He did so under the brand FM - an abbreviation of the initial names Friedberg-Mírohorský. Later, this mark of his appears countless times in "Otto's Dictionary of Science" from the first to the last XXVII. work and the publisher Jan Otta himself appreciated his cooperation immensely. In this top lexicon of that time, in addition to the above-mentioned areas, he also processes natural sciences and equestrian slogans. It can therefore be rightly said that together with the co-author of military slogans, the military writer Patrik Blažek is practically the founder of modern Czech military terminology.


During the summer of 1856, he mapped in the principality of Wallachia in the vicinity of Fokšany, and in the following winter he worked out things mapped in the summer at the Military Geographical Institute in Vienna.In the years 1857-58 he mapped in Hungary near Dunaföldvár and then he was included in the registration office of the General Staff in Vienna and to graduate from the so-called war school. Here, of course, he took the opportunity to attend the school of Professor P.J. in the evening at the Vienna Academy of Painting. So after graduating from Geiger, he was also a fully graduated academic painter.
In Vienna he also exhibited in the so-called Schönbrunnerhaus "Scenes from Romania and Hungary"


Before the outbreak of war in 1859, he was transferred to Graz to the headquarters of the 6th Army Corps, with his main tent moved to Linz.
There he was promoted to the rank of Major in May, after which he was transferred to the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps in Ljubljana in August and to the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps in November. army in Verona under the command of Count August Degenfeld and later under the command of Benedeka.
Here in Verona, on October 10, 1860, at the age of thirty, he married a native of Prague - the daughter of Colonel Rudolph of Friess - Maria Rudolph, a noblewoman from Friess.


In 1860-61 he was again active in the military description of the territory and had the region between Mincio and Adige and then between Talment (Tagliamento) and Sochi.
From August 1861 to May 1862 he was chief of staff at the headquarters of the fortress of Mantua, then he is again active in the main tent II. army in Verona. In 1864 he was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant - Lieutenant Colonel, and until 1866 he headed the 1st Surveying Division in Banat, based in Timisoara and Pančevo.


In April 1866 he went to Verona as chief of staff of the local fortress headquarters. In June, he was promoted to the rank of Oberst - Colonel. Here he also experiences battles on the southern front of the Prussian-Austrian-Italian war. He describes these southern battles, where Austrian troops won both on land and at sea, very engagingly and militarily precisely in his later book "Memories of the War of 1866" including the precise staffing of the command structures of all three armies, but also their reflections, observations and the Austrian army officer to a bold critique of the shortcomings, both political-strategic, leading to this war, and military tactical and operational mistakes that according to him, they caused the defeat of a far stronger grouping of the northern army, including their ideas about "how to proceed." The analysis mentions, for example, how the fortification tactics of warfare are overestimated, which was clearly reflected in this war, not only points to outdated armament (percussion rifle against needles) and specifically accuses this delayed technical condition. some responsible senior officers, points to the completely inappropriate color of Austrian uniforms, where the white color is directly the target in the field (on that occasion, on the contrary, "praises" how clearly the red shirts were reflected
In the book, he also describes in detail one special task he was entrusted with, when due to the breach of the demarcation line by Italian troops after the agreed ceasefire, he was sent from Verona to Str & # 7843; at Padua as a parliamentary, he complained to General Cialdini, the commander-in-chief of the Italian army, asking for satisfaction, which he had very successfully undertaken.He captured this moment in one of the many drawings in the book (Fig.III)


It can be said that whoever wants to take the situation leading to the war in 1866, its course and end more seriously, should not forget this book.
After handing over the Verona fortress to the Italian army on the basis of peaceful conditions, according to which the monarchy loses Veneto, he was chief of staff in Zadar from 16 December 1866 to May 1869, then was transferred to the 78th Infantry Regiment in Osek Slavonsky.


Here he often had friendly contacts with Bishop Strossmayer, among others the founder of the Zagreb Gallery and based in nearby Djakov.
From November 1, 1872 he commanded the 1st Infantry Brigade of the 33rd Army Division in Komarno, in 1873 he was promoted to major general, in 1875 transferred to Budapest, and in 1878 he was entrusted with command of the 30th Army Division in Lviv, where on September 15. year he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant - Field Marshal.
There he also exhibited his works at the "Towarzystwa sztuk pieknych" genre paintings from 1879 to 1883.
On November 1, 1883, after 37 years of active service, he went to Prague for permanent rest. On this occasion he was awarded [url=/viewtopic.php/t/25831" target="_blank"> Order of the Iron Crown II . class
and in 1884 was promoted to the status of a nobleman - he and his direct descendants were granted the status of Freiherr - free lords.


There is a very interesting story about the reasons for his retirement, according to which this retirement did not have such a completely usual course. So what was to happen?


In 1883, Mr. Field Marshal received a great honor and was invited to the board JCM Francis Joseph I. At the board sat next to the emperor , high dignitaries and some archduke, members of the ruling family. After eating black coffee, one of the archduke wiped very rudely about the Czech nation during the speech. Friedberg, deeply, insulted to the heart of his soul, stood up and declared that "... he, as a Czech, considers it his duty to his Imperial and Royal Highness, Mr. Archduke, most obediently point out that is from the cornerstones of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and that by his decision after the death of King Louis in 1526 he laid the foundations of the next monarchy, so if it were not for the Czech nation, it would not be for the current empire! "


At the instigation of the emperor himself, the conversation quickly turned in another direction, although it was clear that the affected archpriest did not like it and there was still a chilling tension in the air. The next day, when Friedberg returned from a morning walk for breakfast, a special messenger was waiting for him with an envelope containing a "blue sheet" - retired. 2)


Although this well-known episode was certainly not the only and main reason for retirement, it still testifies to the characteristic features of Salomon's character - burning patriotism, sense of justice and honor ... But although these traits were well known to his superiors before, they did not prevent in his almost dizzying career, even though he did not come from any prominent family.
Therefore, we will briefly summarize his career again this time, from the point of view of his life course.


Lieutenant II. class becomes in the 17 years, a year later, ie eighteen years old, already a lieutenant I. class, a lieutenant at the age of 19 and a centurion II. class in less than 22 years (!) and becomes a 1st class centurion at the age of 28. He is a major at the age of 30 and a lieutenant colonel five years later, at the age of 35. He was appointed colonel at the age of 37, major general at the age of 44 and field lieutenant marshal at the age of 49.


He received his first honors at the age of 20 in the rank of lieutenant, when he is decorated for bravery in battle Military Cross of Merit with war decoration and Russian Order of St. Anny III.classes with swords


All this testifies to one thing - Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg was always a completely loyal innocent soldier, a deserving and brave participant in the fighting that saved the monarchy in the turbulent years 1848-49 and in 1866 with victory on the southern front partially maintained the military reputation of the Austrian army; a more favorable position for the monarchy in negotiating a ceasefire and a subsequent peace agreement.


He has always been a first-class officer and military expert, whether in commanding positions or in professional - especially cartographic. His temperament was very sincere and open, and his sovereign sense of justice and law did not allow him to remain silent, even if it would sometimes seem wiser. He was therefore honored and loved by his subordinates, but with his superiors it was mostly the opposite.


In 37 years of his military career, he held virtually all commanding positions from aide to member and chief of staff to division commander, participated in virtually all major military campaigns and battles of his time and "soldered" in almost all countries of the Austrian monarchy - Italy, Hungary , Croatia, Austria, Poland and of course in the Czech Republic. 8)


After retiring, he moved permanently to Prague and devoted himself fully to his cultural loves and became involved in Prague's social and cultural life. The Prague public received a soldier with the soul of an artist very favorably in all walks of life. The aristocratic status, high ranks and acquaintances in the high circles of the Viennese court, including the emperor himself, opened him wide access to the Prague cream. However, he did not look for this company too much and maintained his contacts more with "souls related". Scholars highly valued him for his extraordinary and deep knowledge and critical outlook. He was always willing to use his former contacts selflessly if he could serve the good of the Czech cause. One of our best firearms designers, Karel Krnka, left an interesting memory about this fact.


After being exhausted by a fight with the apparently "interested" Minister of War, Count Arthur Bylandt-Rheydt, and disgusted by the behind-the-scenes practices of proving the superiority of his repeater over the ministry-favored Mannlicher system, he was finally released on bail at a repeated request. in addition, Krnka was deprived of his military rank for insulting statements against the General Staff and the Minister of War himself), he settled with his rifleman Sylvester Krnka's father in Prague - Michle and began working in his weapons workshop. On September 28, 1887, he married.


"... Soon after the newlyweds settled in Michle, the Czech writer Miroherský paid them a visit. He was very interested in the new repeater and brought some friends with him. As was known at the time, Miroherský was a retired field lieutenant marshal. To the great surprise of both lords of Krnk, it was the "boss" himself, Lt. Marshal Fabina and the entire General Staff of the 8th Corps. They were actively interested in the new repeater and there was talk again of presenting this model. "4)


Although the situation with the decision on the priority of the Mannlicher system did not change in the end, also as a result of this visit (and later interpellation of the deputy Dr. Riegra) the dispute over the regularity of decision-making flared up again, and in the end the Minister of War, after being convicted of bias and false statements, had to retire.


Most of the time, however, Friedberg - Mírohorský devoted himself to painting. The emperor František Josef I., with whom he knew from earlier military campaigns, even collected his paintings. The younger generation of painters, on the other hand, criticized his work, but it is necessary to realize what different times and styles both sides were based on. Friedberg - Mírohorský himself "... He completely rejects the so-called" modern "art of art without thought, without composition, without drawing, with impossible colors, untrue, ugly, obscure, nebulous, often even insanely gloomy , and with conscientious painters Lhota and die.Raven sadly lamented the regret worthy of the misery where the painting got stuck ... "1) These two parties could find it difficult to find understanding for each other's work. However, sometimes they had to, when it was" in the family ". in the case of Friedberg-Mírohorský, that the wife of Alfons Mucha was his niece.


He was 54 years old and still had a quarter of a century of fruitful life ahead of him. And he filled this time so much beyond ordinary measure that we have no choice but to marvel at his diligence and activity.


During his productive artistic life, he creates oil paintings from all disciplines in quantities exceeding 450 canvases, there are no fewer watercolors and sketches, sketches according to nature, cardboards and layouts for paintings both in drawing books and on various sheets. He painted pictures of battles, soldiers, many folklore themes, landscapes but also picturesque corners of old towns. Under the influence of his former teacher Tkadlík, he often depicts religious motifs. For the Zagreb Gallery founded by Bishop Joseph Strossmayer, whose name bears the square in Prague's Holešovice, he paints canvases with South Slavic motifs and scenes. Portraits of generals painted by him hang in the honorary halls of the Theresian Military Academy. in Vienna's New Town and the Military Technical Academy in Vienna. With its special style, it depicts in paintings, among many other, now extinct, corners of old Prague, especially old Smíchov, also the chateau in old Liben, called "Lost Varta" and a farm with a poetic name "Painted press" - places where he spent his childhood.


His thematic loves also included the illustration of Czech folk songs and Czech poems, where, unlike Aleš's abbreviated, rather graphic line, they form illustrations having the character of finished paintings, where he works with a pencil like a brush. Some were published in Friedrichov's "Photographic Picture Gallery", later in Bartoš's as prints. The most famous of these probably became a large lithographic sheet "Where is my home". She knows many Czech patriots and, for example, she devotes many illustrations to Karolína Světlá for her pivotal "Village Novel".
Many of his drawings were published, among others, in the book "Memorial to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of His Majesty the Emperor and King Francis Joseph I. as well as the two-hundred-year duration of the 28th Infantry Regiment Humbert I., King of Italy. " Edited by leading art competitions and collaborators, edited by Jindřich Alexandr. Prague 1898. Emanuel Friedberg-Mírohorský contributed to this Memorial not only in the part of pictorial appendices, but also an extensive article, listed from his "Memory" under the name "Twenty months of turbulent time in Infantry Regiment No. 28", which of course accompanied by illustration I. ).


In addition to the above-mentioned exhibitions, realized during active service, he retired paintings in Prague in 1884, 1891 at the jubilee exhibition and in the Rudolfinum. He also exhibited in Rudolfinum in 1892, 1893 and 1899 and at the Ethnographic Exhibition in 1895 a number of pictorial war stories from 1848 and 1849.


The emperor Francis Joseph I. of his watercolors had four of the orders from 1852 and 1853 ( "Ceremonial military scenes ". a " The site of the Hungarian crown at Old Ršava ") and one oil painting " Military parade on Campo Marte in Venice 1861 ", painted. r. 1862.


His largest oil painting with an area of 6 m2 "Dalmatian Wedding Parade" (1886) was dedicated to the Thimble Industrial Museum, "Christ with Apprentices before Emmaus" 3 m2 (1889) is in the church in Střezměř, "St. Clement" almost 2 m2 (1894) in the home chapel of the hydrotherapy dra. Piasecký in Zakopane.Many paintings have been donated to other churches in Bohemia, Galicia and Croatia, some museums in Prague, Opava and other oil paintings, as well as watercolors are scattered by many private individuals. Perhaps the largest collection of his works used to be owned by Mrs. Hermína Rodová, who owned the villa "Blaník" near Louňovice pod Blaníkem, to which Friedberg went with his family to a summer apartment. He painted his own portrait several times, because as he himself writes: ".. where who wanted it .." 1). Watercolor "Dalmatian Wedding Parade" (1881) the same as his oil painting at Náprstky he put in a wedding album dedicated by Czech artists to Crown Prince Archduke Rudolf.


His drawings supplied to "Humorist Letters" right from their foundation in 1858 to 1879, then in 1885 and 1899 go into the thousands, in those first 21 years, few numbers were without them, and many numbers were full of them, to "Arrows" sometimes contributed something to serious magazines pictorial as "Images of life", "Flowers", "Svetozor", "Ruch", "Golden Prague" also drew until 1889., These several thousand preserved drawings testify not only to his artistic - optical vision of the world, but also manifests in them his personal views on various issues of the day, on the problems of ordinary and public life, as well as on political events. And it is in these that his sincere, even radical patriotism often appears aggressively, especially during struggles for the Czech school and for a more dignified position of national minorities. Such drawings and political caricatures imprinted, for example, in "Humorist Letters " and in " Arrows " known for their anti-government radicalism, this Austrian officer could only imprint anonymously or use a transparent pseudonym "Mírohorský" and only his excellent performance of military duties caused by his superiors. "blurring of the eyes" over such actions.


He also painted theatrical decorations and curtains for amateurs in Chrudim, Tábor, Rychnov nad Kněžnou, etc. He designed military and federal battalions. How could he handle it all?


This is explained in his biography: "... This fertility can be explained by the wonderful speed of his creation and by his conscientious and diligent use. Every free time to study according to nature and to improve in art ..." 1)


And that his works are still valued to this day is evidenced, for example, by the 56th Auction "Spolka Hlahol" of November 6, 2004, where it is listed (in the department "Graphics, Drawings 18th - 20th century ".) the following auction item:


360. Salomon Emanuel Mírohorský from Friedberg
Country girls ................................................ CZK 1,800
watercolor, pencil, paper, 10,3x7,8 cm, monogr. RD F, frame, at the back in
cutout stamp estate of Friedberk Mírohorský
9)


His literary, journalistic, translation and other activities are so extensive that it will be best (although we have already given some information above) when we quote directly from his biography in "Otto's Dictionary of Science " (part XXII., pp. 553-556):
"... He wrote until 1862 smaller feuilleton articles for" Pražské Noviny ", until then" Time "and" Hlas ", in 1859 fragments of travelogues for Neruda 's" Pictures of Life ", he worked until 1870 military keywords for "Naučný Slovník" Riegerův, r. 1864-67 contributed to the then "Golden Prague", to the then "Flowers" and "Svetozor" with features from the wars of 1848-49 and brief explanations of his drawings in the same magazines, r.1868 wrote for "Visual atlas" to the said Rieger's dictionary "Field Warfare and Military", contributed articles to "Flowers" about Dalmatia, to "Czech Thalia" in theatrical features, in 1872 he wrote "Introduction to Drawing and Painting", published by Urbánek in 1877, in 1873 details in the military magazine "Vlast", in 1873-1889 he submitted feuilleton articles here and there mostly ethnographic to "Národních Listů", he wrote in 1869-76 to the forestry magazine "Háj", in 1878-80 to the Prague magazine for shoemakers and to the Moravian "Koledy", in 1881 to "Divadelních Listů", in 1884 he published brochure "On vegetarianism", from 1885-93 he wrote extensively in "Military Letters", among other articles the section "Memories of his life from 1840-48", in 1888 he wrote small articles also critical about painting in "Vyšehrad" , from this year. works for "Ott's Dictionary of Science" slogans military, equestrian, painterly, natural healing, etc., in 1895 he wrote in "Domestic Counselor", from 1896 he wrote in "Natural Doctor", tr Bačkovský published from "Memories of his life" - "30 years ago (from the war of 1866)" and "40 years ago (mapping in Romania)".


He also dedicated his talent to Thalia. He also began writing plays, some of which, with their satire of German bourgeoisie in Prague, "derailed" even an official ban on acting. He wrote a number of small comedies, 11 of which were preserved after the loss of several: "Promises of Error", "Záletníci" (both performed at the Provisional Theater in Prague), "Surprise", "Rare Guest" (in manuscript); "Wedding shoes", then the tendencies of Kneipp "Hissers", "In the morning dew", "Barefoot shoes", "He went crazy", "The little ones" and "Cinderella's sandals", these 7 were made by amateurs.
Small articles are scattered on the calendars of "retirees" and elsewhere on various monuments. His "Memories of My Life" and the begun novel "How the Slave Revenge" remained in the manuscript.


In 1890-92 he translated four novels from French: "Aunt Aurelia" and "Jacquelinin's Husband" by A. Theuriet, "Viscount" by L. Barracand and "The Dependent Soul" by G. Ohnet; from the Italian "The Reader of the Princesses" by G. Barrili, from the German in 1897 the "Kneipp's Supper" and in 1904 the Kneipp "The Grand Book".


He gave lectures in Prague, in Hradec Králové, in Chrudim, in Poděbrady and elsewhere in various associations on the topics of military, travel, ethnography, and later most of life. "[/I]


However, his person is also interesting from a human point of view. Since his youth, he has been a staunch opponent of smoking and consumption of any alcohol, including beer. It is clear that his principles in the military and especially the officers of the Austrian army did not make his life easier.


From 1851 he began to devote himself intensively to hydrotherapy, which he studied in 1854 in Gräfenberg with Dr. Schindler, successor to Priessnitz, in 1881 with Th. Hahn at Obere Waid in Sv. Havel in Switzerland, in 1884 with Dr. Piasecký in Zakopane and in 1887 with A. Riklí in Bled.


From 1861 he was a strict vegetarian, an opponent of vivisection, chemical fertilization in agriculture and in 1892 he founded the association "Český Kneipp" in which he spread opinions of the German healer Sebastian Kneipp natural - hygienic prevention of diseases and their treatment according to natural healing principles. In this spirit, he also began publishing the magazine "Natural Doctor".
. 1)


However, unlike the military and the creative, family life did not bring him much joy. He lost his mother shortly after birth, he buried his wife after 18 years of marriage and 3 of the 7 children died, and only 4 survived to adulthood. Two promising sons were Czech officers, the elder Zdenko (1865-1893) in the navy, the younger Ludvík (1870-1899 in the infantry, but both died under not fully explained circumstances - probably in unnecessary battles. The older daughter Helena (1868-1917) was affected serious and incurable mental illness and so only the younger daughter Olga (born 1874) married in 1900 to the financial advice of JUDr Emil Lata and pleased her father with her granddaughter Olinka in a year. Regardless of age, Emanuel Friedberg-Mírohorský lived in an active way until the last days and died on December 10, 1908 in his Prague apartment in Žitná Street No. 43 at the age of eighty, and with him the branch of free lords of Fridberg died out. .
He is buried in Olšany Cemeteries IX, Ward 6, Grave No. 102. As modestly he lived, the place of his last resting place overgrown only with simple green ivy (Fig.IVa, b)

One interesting fact, certainly incomprehensible to many members of today's population, we kept in the end.


As for his work, whether painting or literary, it is necessary to emphasize that for his work in principle did not receive royalties, all his works passed to the public or to private possession as a gift, or were made free of charge. Likewise, he did his work for Otto's publishing house out of love, hobbies and for free, whether it was proofreading "Besed lidu" or [i ] "Otto 's Dictionary of Science". Likewise, not a single case is known that another editorial office or another publishing house would sometimes send him a fee for published works. It is true that with the amount of service and later retirement of a high-ranking officer, he did not need it so much and never demanded it - on the other hand, it is a well-known fact that he did not have much "material possessions" and left virtually no wealth. He did so out of a mere desire to serve Czech affairs - the Czech nation.


And what about the "nation"?


Although Emanuel Salomon from Friedberg-Mírohorský represents one of the prominent personalities of the Czech cultural public in the second half of the 19th century. century in the then monarchy and as an ardent Czech patriot with his education, outlook and cultural work far exceeded the borders of his homeland, only 20 years after his death took place under the care of the Pilsen Museum posthumous group exhibition of Friedberg artistic legacies and a committee of his work was purchased for Prague museum institutions. The written memoir legacy awaits its processing in the National Museum and in the archives of other institutions to this day. Only today is PhDr. Tomáš Jiránek, from the University of Pardubice grant project entitled "Preparation of the edition of the memoirs of Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg - Mírohorský" with the end date of 2007. This CV therefore, we conclude with a citation from the "Project Objectives" with the identification number GA404/05/2493


: ..... "During his military service, Salomon of Friedberg got to know many countries and had the opportunity to meet many important personalities in person, such as the composer F. Liszt, Bishop Strossmayer and Salomon of Friedberg-Mírohorský was not afraid to act like a Czech, which was highly appreciated by Czech society.The memories of Salomon of Friedberg-Mírohorský represent an extensive, unique, and even more valuable source not only for studying the conditions in the army of the Habsburg monarchy in the 19th century. her military campaigns, but also for the knowledge of contemporary society. 10)



Basic data on the nobility of the Salomon family from Friedberg


It is an antique nobility, in the older form "de Frydtberg seu de Monte Pacis", which is documented in writing in 1542, the first mention in the land records of the Kingdom of Bohemia is from 1645. Antique. the aristocratic status was confirmed by the Supreme Decision of 8 December 1662 and the diploma of 21 March 1863. Promotion to the status of lord for Field Marshal Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg was granted on 17 February 1884. This was followed by a new confirmation of the ancient nobility of May 18, 1885 for Major General Edmund Salomon of Friedberg, who was Emanuel's cousin from an older branch.


We blasonize (report - describe) the coat of arms of the Salomon of Friedberg (Fig.V) as follows:
In the 1st and 4th golden field of the square shield a black, red-armed, central-looking, single-headed eagle, in the 2nd red field a silver, two-tailed, walking lion with a raised right front paw and a red, protruding tongue, in the 3rd.In the blue field there is a square wall with shadows, behind which grows an armed man in a silver, gold-lined shell and an open helmet on his head, holding a flaming sword with a gold hilt on his right and a green palm branch in the left, a burning black grenade hitting the wall below it. The crowned tournament helmet is fitted. on the right black-gold, on the left blue-silver covers, the jewel is a gunman from a shield between six flags, mounted on wooden poles with silver points:


1.gold-blue divided, 2. silver-red routed, 3. red-silver routed, 4. blue-gold divided, 5. silver-blue divided with gold monogram FIII in a blue stripe, 6.black-gold divided with gold monogram F III in a black bar.



Illustrations:
I. Self-portrait of Emanuel Salomon, free lord of Friedberg-Mírohorský, the oldest, highest member of the 28th Infantry Regiment
II .. Period view of the building of the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna's New Town
III. Austrian parliamentarian with the commander of the Italian army, General Cialdini
IV. Pictures of the tomb of Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg - Mírohorský - photo by the author
V. Coat of arms of the Salomon family from Friedberg




Sources:
1) Otto's educational dictionary, part XXII.-p.553-556,
2) Čadík, Jindřich: Spatulas and palette smiles. West Bohemian Publishing House in Pilsen, 1966, chapter "Mírohorský must retire", pp. 68-71
3) Chromý, Mojmír "Emanuel Salomon free lord of Friedberg - Mírohorský - soldier, writer, painter and co-creator of Otto's dictionary of science", article in Heraldic Yearbook 1988 Published by the Czech Numismatic Society, Heraldry Branch, pp. 61-67, Prague 1988
4) Slanina, Miroslav: Krnkové a vývoj palných zbraně 1848 - 1926, pp. 26 - 28 published in 2001 Nakladatelství a vydavatelství Agentura Pankrác s.r.o. ISBN 80-902873-1-X
5) Fritsch, Jaroslav: Banka zapomenutých osudů aneb Olšanské střípky, s.55 - 58 Agentura Pankrác s.r.o. 2003, ISBN 80-86781 -01-1
6) Emanuel Salomon of Friedberg: Memories of the war year 1866 taken from the memory of a senior officer, publisher Dr. František Bačkovský, Prague 1906, 2nd edition


Small links from the Internet:


7) http://www.radio.cz/cz/clanek/61679
8) http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk
9) http://www.auctions-art.cz/
10) http://aplikace.isvav.cvut.cz/
Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.V
Erb Salomonů z Friedbergů v barvě

Obr.V
Erb Salomonů z Friedbergů v barvě

Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.IV.b
Celkový pohled na prostý hrob

Obr.IV.b
Celkový pohled na prostý hrob

Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.IVa
Náhrobní deska

Obr.IVa
Náhrobní deska

Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.III
Salomonova ilustrace z knihy Vzpominky na r 1866
Parlamentář u velitele italské armády

Obr.III
Salomonova ilustrace z knihy "Vzpominky na r 1866"
Parlamentář u velitele italské armády

Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.II
Dobový pohled na budovu Tereziánské vojenské akademie ve Vídeňském Novém Městě

Obr.II
Dobový pohled na budovu Tereziánské vojenské akademie ve Vídeňském Novém Městě

Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Obr.I
Autoportrét Emanuela Salomona svobodného pána z Friedbergu –Mírohorského, nejstaršího, nejvyššího příslušníka 28. pěšího pluku

Obr.I
Autoportrét Emanuela Salomona svobodného pána z Friedbergu –Mírohorského, nejstaršího, nejvyššího příslušníka 28. pěšího pluku

URL : https://www.valka.cz/Salomon-z-Friedbergu-Mirohorsky-Emanuel-t46755#183148 Version : 0
I am adding another photograph of Emanuel Salomon, a free lord from the Friedbergs, from his age, probably the last in his life.
It is from the obituary, which was published in " Zlaté Praze, 1909 ročník XXV, 13.číslo, s.155"
The obituary contains an interesting fact that few people realize. Thanks to his corrections he made while working on the whole Otto's dictionary, he is probably the only person who also read the whole
Salomon z Friedbergu-Mírohorský, Emanuel - Z nekrologu v Zlaté Praze, ročník XXV, 13.číslo,s.155,1909 - Emanuel Salomon svobodný pán z Friedbergu

Z nekrologu v Zlaté Praze, ročník XXV, 13.číslo,s.155,1909 - Emanuel Salomon svobodný pán z Friedbergu
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Salomon-z-Friedbergu-Mirohorsky-Emanuel-t46755#183514 Version : 0
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