SS - ORP Sęp (P-11)

ORP Sęp (P-11)
ORP Sęp (P-11)
     
Název:
Name:
ORP Sęp ORP Sęp
Originální název:
Original Name:
ORP Sęp
Kategorie:
Category:
oceánská ponorka submersible ship, ocean
Třída:
Class:
Orzeł
Kódové označení:
Pennant Number:
P-11
Loděnice:
Builder:
Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij NV, Rotterdam
Založení kýlu:
Laid Down:
17.11.1936
Spuštění na vodu:
Launched:
17.10.1938
Uvedení do služby:
Commissioned:
16.04.1939
Vyřazení ze služby:
Decommissioned:
02.09.1969
Potopené lodě:
Sunk Ships:
-
Velitel:
Commander:
DD.07.1938-DD.02.1946 Salamon, Władysław (Komandor podporucznik)
DD.02.1946-DD.07.1948 Romanowski, Bolesław (Komandor podporucznik)
DD.07.1948-DD.07.1950 Szul, Bronisław (Kapitan marynarki)
DD.07.1950-DD.08.1955 Pietraszkiewicz, Henryk Hieronim (Kapitan marynarki)
DD.08.1955-DD.MM.1957 Załoga, Marian (Porucznik marynarki)
19.01.1957-28.02.1958 Obrębski, Czesław (Porucznik marynarki)
DD.MM.1958-DD.MM.1961 Missima, Jerzy (Porucznik marynarki)
DD.MM.1961-DD.MM.1963 Płużyczka, Ryszard (Porucznik marynarki)
DD.MM.1963-DD.MM.1965 Zawadzki, Michał (Kapitan marynarki)
DD.MM.1965-DD.MM.1969 Matysiak, Lucjan (Kapitan marynarki)
Jednotka:
Unit:
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR
Poznámka:
Note:
překlad jména: sup


DD.MM.1939-DD.MM.1949: ORP Sęp (P-11)
DD.MM.1949-DD.MM.1963: ORP Sęp (B-11)
DD.MM.1963-DD.MM.1969: ORP Sęp (291)
Name Translation: Vulture


DD.MM.1939-DD.MM.1949: ORP Sęp (P-11)
DD.MM.1949-DD.MM.1963: ORP Sęp (B-11)
DD.MM.1963-DD.MM.1969: ORP Sęp (291)
Zdroje:
Sources:
www.pl.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.dutchsubmarines.com
http://marynarkawojenna.pl/start_n.htm

URL : https://www.valka.cz/SS-ORP-Sep-P-11-t71151#250580 Version : 0
the History of the ORP "Sęp"


After a bad experience with the quality of the Polish class submarines "Wilk", built in France, with the leadership of the Polish navy decided to enter the construction of additional submarines at other shipyards. Have received offers from the USA, Great Britain, France, Sweden and Holland. Eventually she was chosen as the most suitable offer of the Dutch. That's why she was 29. January 1936 signed in the Hague agreement on the construction of the 2 ocean-going submarines, of which the construction period shall not exceed 3 years. Later, on the basis of the orders of the then Polish minister for military affairs of the 28. may 1937, it was decided to name both the submarine "Orzeł" and "Sęp". While the "Orzeł" built right in Vlissingenu in the yard De Schelde and was financed from the collection of the Polish population, the construction of the submarine "Sęp" was put in charge of the rotterdam shipyard Rotterdamse Droogdok Maatschappij and paid for was directly from the state budget. Both submarines were very similar to the Dutch type of submarine O-9, intended for service in the colonies. In the project, for example, were agreed upon the parameters of the armaments, which included the 105-mm gun Bofors, double automatic anti-aircraft gun Bofors 40-caliber (triggered by the waterproof "spring"), 12 torpedo tubes caliber 550 mm (4 aft, 4 fore and 2 double swivel torpedo launchers in the middle of the boat) with reductions to 533 mm, and the planned it was also the location of the heavy machine gun Hotchkiss caliber 13.2 mm. However, at the ship eventually mounted wasn't. Command PMW even seriously considered the equipment of submarines of the small reconnaissance seaplane. Of this, however, eventually came together.



ORP "Sęp" was launched on the water 17. October 1938, when July already on the construction oversaw the future commander of the submarine, komandor podporucznik Władysław Salamon and also his representative, kapitan marynarki Jan Grudziński. 10. January 1939 the submarine was prepared in Rotterdam for the first tests, which lasted up to April. As a result of the serious international situation in Europe the Poles feared that the Germans will try to stop or at least slow down the transfer of the submarine (not entirely without reason, as in February-march significantly decreased the pace of the finishing work, probably due to intimidation and bribery by German agents), command secretly ordered komandoru podporuczniku Salamonovi to the sub shipped to their homeland no matter what and as soon as possible. Then when the ORP "Sęp" sailed 2. April 1939 on the test cruise (still under the Dutch flag) to the Norwegian port of Horten, komandor podporucznik Salamon took over against the will of the Dutch command. 16. April in the morning was the Dutch flag was replaced by the Polish, then the ORP "Sęp" to do so within Horten met with the Polish destroyer ORP "Burza", replenished from his stock and crew and both ships together have proceeded to Gdynia. Two Dutch technicians, who should oversee the implementation of the tests, they were put ashore in Horten and later dispatched (on the Polish cost) back to Holland. During the cruises in the Bornholm there was a submarine fuel, and for the rest of the cruise it had to the accompanying destroyer to take in tow.


ORP "Sęp" sailed into the Gdynia 18.April 1939 and up to 29. June was finished, vybavován, going through the remaining trials and crew training. 29. June 1939 was the ORP "Sęp" officially included in the Polish navy. 26. August 1939, shortly before the outbreak of the war, the submarine sent into a military port of Hel.



In the day of the outbreak of the war, 1. September 1939, he sailed ORP "Sęp" under the command of komandora podporucznika Wladyslaw Salamon on the sea. According to the plan of "Worek" had patrolovat in the sector, located 10 nautical miles north of cape Rozewie, the northernmost point of Poland. At the appointed place arrived in the evening, shortly afterwards were observed 2 German destroyers, which were parallel with the peninsula of Hel. Submarine on them, however, didn't attack, probably also because of the assistance to exhausted batteries.
2. September 1939 in the morning was a periscope sighted another destroyer, which sailed to the Polish coast and weaved. ORP "Sęp" approached to a distance of 400 meters, he identified the destroyer as a German type "Leberecht Maass" with a painted tactical number 14 on the hull (Friedrich Ihn - commander Fregattenkapitän von Pufendorf) and in 12:38 fired from the rear torpedo tube a torpedo. Destroyer, however, a single torpedo managed to swerve and the situation is turned, the hunter has become the prey. Destroyer attacked the submarine series of depth charges, which on the ORP "Sęp" caused light damage. The attacks, however, continued, damaged the hull and the submarine began to slightly pick up the water. The ORP "Sęp" have been stopped almost all devices, including lighting and compasses, electric motors were switched on only briefly to the submarine slowly drifted away from the vulnerable area. Rising water caused a gradual immersion up to a depth of 80 meters. The submarine, however, managed to leave the most vulnerable area, the explosions of depth charges was heard from increasingly greater distances. In 17:00 ORP "Sęp" surfaced to periscope depth, but just to see not far from the attacking destroyer and two minesweepers that arrived to help from the nearby coast. The submarine immediately re-immersed to a depth of 60 meters. The board started slowly running out of oxygen, were even handed out emergency breathing apparatus. Only in 21:40 ORP "Sęp" dare to re-emerge, this time the sea was clean, the crew could finally get some fresh air and find out the extent of the damage. In the night after the submarine were charging the battery, was drafty to the interior of the ship and were also temporarily repaired primarily damage causing a leak in the hull.
3. September in the morning the submarine dived and returned to the marked sector. Here also the whole day patrolovala. In the evening, around the 20:20, suddenly astern emergent ship heard a strong explosion and ORP "Sęp" quickly plunged. After about twenty minutes it was to hear the bolts topside of the ship, searching for a submarine. She was immediately stopped all the devices and below are pohroužilo into silence. Chaser dropped two depth charges and sailed away. The submarine later surfaced and were again surveyed the damage. Unfortunately, the crew found water intrusion to the left diesselu, in consequence of which it was not possible to use, and also numerous violations of the water resistance of the hull, which was only with great difficulty maintained in reasonable limits. ORP "Sęp" also received new orders that it directed to a new sector of the patrol, near the Swedish island of Gotland, where he arrived the 5. September.
Here patroloval without success up to 7. September, when he moved to the island Őland. Komandor podporucznik Salamon also informed starfleet command about the damage and asked about the return to base and repairs. This, however, was to command was rejected, on the contrary, the commander got command, in case of sudden needs,enter into any Swedish port. Submarine without success patrolovala in Gotland and Őlandu, when only a few merchant ships, she saw, floating in Swedish territorial waters.
13. September 1939 received ORP "Sęp" orders from headquarters to head to England or to internment in Sweden. Komandor podporucznik Salamon decided for the first variant, however, the technical condition of the submarine is constantly deteriorating.
15. September I due to the constantly penetrating the water it was impossible to keep it at a constant depth, its speed of immersion is extended up to half an hour, which practically make it impossible for her combat deployment. After considering all the for and against, in the evening, the commander of ORP "Sęp" decided to sail to Sweden, which informed the headquarters of the PMW.
17. September 1939 the submarine arrived at the Swedish port of Nynashamn, where she asked the local authorities about the possibility to make corrections. Damage, however, was so serious, that their time of repairs would have exceeded the period allowed by international regulations. In this situation, komandor podporucznik Salamon decided for the internment. The submarine was the same day the Swedish torpédovkou escorted into the port of Stavsnäs. Here was initiated disarmament - torpedoes, cannons and radio stations.



18. September was the ORP "Sęp", along with ORP "Ryś" (which arrived the same day) pulled into the port of Vaxholm, to the place designated for the internment.
Here 26. September 1939 have completed disarmament,zaplombovali radio station and partially dismantled and the drive train. After the escape, the ORP "Orzeł" from Tallinn was tightened security measures, the sailors of the interned submarines were moved to a guarded military barracks and a submarine were blocked so that they cannot escape.


In April 1940 was the ORP "Sęp", together with other u-boats, moved to Stockholm, where it was repaired and the ship's equipment were preserved. It had to do with attempts to get the submarine back and transport them to Great Britain. However, after the successes of the Wehrmacht in Norway, these attempts were by the Swedes in the may rejected.
4. July 1940 were all submarine towed to the island Högholm on lake Mälaren in Stockholm, 18. July to the next island Fallskör.
Finally, in October 1940 with the ships and with the crews moved to the town of Mariefred on the shores of lake Mälaren.


Itself submarines were towed 26. June 1941 to Stockholm, but in the September were returned back to the Mariefredu.


ORP "Sęp" was subsequently still in the August 1942 and in may 1944 on the repairs in Stockholm.



23. June 1945 came to Sweden, the Polish commission, whose purpose was to obtain the interned ships back to Poland. After the signing of the contracts was the ORP "Sęp", along with other submarines, 5. September 1945, officially taken from the Swedish authorities, and has already 6. September started return the ship to working condition. Command took over again komandor podporucznik Salamon.
21. October 1945 was on u-boats re-hoisted the Polish flag and the ship embarked on the road to Gdynia, where they arrived 25. October.
30. November 1945, after the necessary repairs, was the ORP "Sęp" again included in the PMW.


In the period from April to December 1946 has been modernized ( replacement of the main gun - instead of 105 mm/Bofors mounted gun soviet 100 mm/B-24-P, the adjustment of the torpedo launchers on soviet types of torpedoes)


From January to , October 1949 performed guard duty on the Baltic, under the new tactical marking "B-11".


From , November 1949 performs alternating between guard duty and served as a school ship. Participated in many foreign voyages, inter alia, the first post-war voyage to Riga in the October 1951.


In the year of the 1958 was again upgraded (among other things removed the deck gun caliber 100 mm) and also participated in the filming of the movie "Orzeł".


in the year of the 1959 the submarine was reclassified to a training ship.


In July, the 1962 visited with the destroyer ORP "Błyskawica" and minolovkou ORP "Zbik" London.


In the year of the 1963 got a new tactical character "291" and visited Copenhagen.


At the end of August 1964 was the ORP "Sęp" heavily damaged during the voyage in a severe storm and was a long time in the shipyard being repaired. The ship chased by the bad luck, 4. December 1964 on board exploded of the battery pack (due to a faulty ventilation during recharge) and the subsequent fire killed 8 crew members.


After the repair work is the submarine again entered service, in the September 1967 visiting Stockholm, in the 1968 Rostock and Rotterdam.


2. September 1969, during the voyage on the Baltic, occurred on the submerged ORP "Sęp" an explosion of hydrogen escaping from the battery. Again killed several crew members, the submarine was towed to the port of Świnoujście and the disabled. She was officially stricken from the list of warships 15. September 1969, where it was from the mast to the running state flag.


In the years 1971-72 then was the ORP "Sęp" dismantled and scrapped.




sources:
www.orzel.one.pl
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://pl.wikipedia.org/
www.dutchsubmarines.com
http://marynarkawojenna.pl/start_n.htm
http://www.poloniainfo.se/artykul.php?id=509
PEREPECZKO, Andrzej: the Storm over the Atlantic 1.part. 1.edition. Prague: Our Troops 2004. 200s. ISBN 80-206-0725-0, from the Polish original of the Stock market over the Atlantykiem, Warszawa 1999 translated by Eugene Škňouřil.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SS-ORP-Sep-P-11-t71151#250783 Version : 0

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2 x 40mm Bofors wz. 36
100 mm B-24-P
věžička
exponáty v Muzeu Marynarki Wojennej


105 mm Bofors wz. 25 (na fotce Sep105_2 a 3 je v pozadí)
exponát v Muzeu polskiej techniky wojskowej
SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 2 x 40 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

2 x 40 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 2 x 40 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

2 x 40 mm Bofors
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SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 2 x 40 mm Bofors
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2 x 40 mm Bofors
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SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - věžička
vlastní foto

věžička
vlastní foto

SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 105 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

105 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 105 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

105 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 105 mm Bofors
vlastní foto

105 mm Bofors
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SS - ORP Sęp (P-11) - 100 mm B-24-P
vlastní foto

100 mm B-24-P
vlastní foto

URL : https://www.valka.cz/SS-ORP-Sep-P-11-t71151#315739 Version : 0
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