SSBN - Lafayette

Lafayette class
     
Název:
Name:
Lafayette Lafayette
Originální název:
Original Name:
Lafayette
Kategorie:
Category:
raketonosná ponorka s nukleárním pohonem submersible ship, ballistic missile, nuclear powered (SSBN)
Přehled vyrobených plavidel:
Summary of Built Boats:
SSBN-616 USS Lafayette
SSBN-617 USS Alexander Hamilton
SSBN-619 USS Andrew Jackson
SSBN-620 USS John Adams
SSBN-622 USS James Monroe
SSBN-623 USS Nathan Hale
SSBN-624 USS Woodrow Wilson
SSBN-625 USS Henry Clay
SSBN-626 USS Daniel Webster
SSBN-627 USS James Madison
SSBN-628 USS Tecumseh
SSBN-629 USS Daniel Boone
SSBN-630 USS John C. Calhoun
SSBN-631 USS Ulysses S. Grant
SSBN-632 USS Von Steuben
SSBN-633 USS Casimir Pulaski
SSBN-634 USS Stonewall Jackson
SSBN-635 USS Sam Rayburn
SSBN-636 USS Nathanael Greene
Posádka:
Crew:
143 1)
13 důstojníků / officiers & 130 poddůstojníků a námořníků / NCO's and seamen
2x ("Zlatá" & "Modrá" / "Gold" & "Blue")
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Standardní výtlak:
Standard Displacement:
7366 t 7250 long tons
Plný výtlak:
Full Load Displacement:
- -
Výtlak pod hladinou:
Submerged Displacement:
8382 t 8250 long tons
Délka:
Length:
129.54 m 425ft
Šířka:
Beam:
10.06 m 33ft
Ponor:
Draught:
9.60 m 31ft 6in
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Typ:
Type:
1x tlakovodní jaderný reaktor S5W
2x parní turbína
1x Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor S5W
2x steam turbines
Výkon:
Power:
11185.5 kW při ? ot/min 15000 bhp at ? rpm
Šrouby:
Propellers:
1
Zásoba paliva:
Fuel Load:
- 2) - 3)
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Rychlost na hladině:
Surfaced Speed:
37 km/h 20 kt
Rychlost pod hladinou:
Submerged Speed:
46.3 km/h 25 kt
Dosah na hladině:
Surfaced Range:
- 4) km při rychlosti 37 km/h - 4) nm at speed 20 kt
Dosah pod hladinou:
Submerged Range:
- 4) km při rychlosti 46.3 km/h - 4) nm at speed 25 kt
Maximální hloubka ponoření:
Maximum Depth:
396 m 1300 ft
Výzbroj a vybavení:
Armament and Equipment:
 
Výzbroj:
Armament:
16x vertikální silo
- 16x strategická balistická řízená střela UGM-27B Polaris A-2 nebo UGM-27C Polaris A-3, poté UGM-73A Poseidon C-3 a později UGM-96A Trident I C-4


4x torpédomet ráže 533 mm v přídi
- 12x torpédo Mk-14, Mk-16, Mk-37, Mk-45 ASTOR, Mk-48 anebo řízené střely UUM-44A SUBROC
16x Vertical Silo
- 16x Strategic Ballistic Missile UGM-27B Polaris A-2 or UGM-27C Polaris A-3, then UGM-73A Poseidon C-3 and later UGM-96A Trident I C-4


4x Torpedo-tube cal 21" in bow
- 12x torpedo Mk-14, Mk-16, Mk-37, Mk-45 ASTOR, Mk-48 or Missiles UUM-44A SUBROC
Vybavení:
Equipment:
Radary
- přehledový-vyhledávací: AN/BPS-11A
- navigační: AN/BPS-15


Sonary
- aktivní: AN/BQS-4
- pasivní: AN/BQR-7
- pasivní vlečné pole: AN/BQR-15
- pasivní: AN/BQR-19
- pasivní: AN/BQR-21


Ostatní
- pasivní sledovací systém: AN/WLR-8(V)5
- satelitní komunikační terminál: AN/WSC-3
- systém řízení palby torpéd: Mk.113 Mod.9
- námořní inerciální navigační systém: SINS Mk.2 Mod.4
Radars
- Surface-search: AN/BPS-11A
- Navigation: AN/BPS-15


Sonars
- Active: AN/BQS-4
- Passive: AN/BQR-7
- Passive Towed Array: AN/BQR-15
- Passive: AN/BQR-19
- Passive: AN/BQR-21


Others
- Electronic Warfare Support Measure: AN/WLR-8(V)5
- Satellite Communications Terminal: AN/WSC-3
- Torpedo Fire Control System: Mk.113 Mod.9
- Naval Inercial Navigation System: SINS Mk.2 Mod.4
Uživatelské státy:
User States:
Poznámka:
Note:
1) alternativní zdroj: 140


2) palivové tyče


4) neomezený
1) Alternative Source: 140


3) Nuclear Fuel Rods


4) Unlimited
Zdroje:
Sources:
http://www.gdeb.com/ ; http://www.fas.org/ ; http://www.wikipedia.org/ ; http://navysite.de/ ; http://www.globalsecurity.org/ ; http://www.hazegray.org/ ; http://www.military.cz/ ; dále z knižních publikací Jane's Válečné Lodě (ISBN 80-7236-080-9) ; Válečné Lodě Současnosti (ISBN 80-86215-81-4) ; Ponorky - Válka pod vlnami (ISBN 978-80-206-0914-4) ; Ponorky současnosti (ISBN 978-80-87087-00-8) ; Moderní ponorky (ISBN 80-7180-291-3)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SSBN-Lafayette-t40832#274467 Version : 0

SSBN - LAFAYETTE



History


The Lafayette-class vessels are the 2nd generation of U.S. Navy submarines carrying the intercontinental-range ballistic missiles that formed part of the nuclear triad for 3 decades. The new class was designed in the early 1960s at the General Dynamics Electric Boat Division shipyards in Connecticut, U.S.A. (like all modern nuclear submarines), and construction took place at GD Electric Boat, Mare Island Naval Shipyard (MINS), Newport News Shipbuilding and Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS). Although construction of the first vessel of the class, USS Lafayette, began before the first Ethan Allen class submarine was completed, it was an entirely new concept, maintaining with few exceptions the only trend in missile submarine construction (the exceptions being Soviet/Russian vessels Project 629, Project 629A, Project 658, Project 658M, Project 941 Akula).

The main difference of the submarines of this new class from the previous George Washington and Ethan Allen classes was, apart from the more modern electronic equipment, mainly the size of the SLBM (Submarine/Sea-Launched Ballistic Missile) hulls and of course the corresponding hull size. The shafts were designed for the then newly developed Poseidon missiles.
Nine Lafayette-class submarines were built, and eventually 10 submarines referred to as the improved Lafayette class. These were then followed by the Benjamin Franklin class, which was already very distinct in its internal equipment. In total, this resulted in 19 vessels, the largest SSBN class built in the U.S.A. to date, and the 2nd largest to be built (only the former USSR built more, with 34 vessels Project 667A Navaga)

Starting with the tenth vessel, USS James Madison, the submarines are referred to as the modified Lafayette class (similar to the Los Angeles class (688) and the upgraded Los Angeles class (688i)), due to some unspecified changes to the interior fittings, but probably not of a major nature.
Submarines with UGM-27B Polaris A-2 missiles entered service. These were later replaced by a more powerful version, the UGM-27C Polaris A-3, starting in 1968 (the first time ever on the USS James Monroe). The UGM-73A Poseidon C-3 missiles were re-equipped to the originally intended new generation missiles in the early and throughout the 1970s, after they could be operationally deployed. Subsequently, during the 1980s, 7 vessels were upgraded to be equipped with the then state-of-the-art UGM-96A Triden I C-4 missiles.

With the advent of the new generation of Ohio-class submarines, the class vessels were found to be obsolete. In light of the disarmament treaties, it was decided not to further modernize the Lafayette class (including the upgraded Lafayette class submarines), and after nearly 30 years, in the early 1990s, 17 vessels were scrapped (the remaining two met a different fate). All vessels had their reactor removed and were recycled (scrapped).

The 2 vessels - USS Sam Rayburn and USS Daniel Webster - were converted to the MTS (Moored Training Ship) training platform, used to train nuclear reactor operators on submarines. The vessels were still in operational service in 2005.

The Lafayette class itself is described in various publications and websites in a variety of ways. This can cause some disorientation. For clarification there are 3 main guidelines for the division :
- 1) The Lafayette class - the 31-vessel class itself including the modified Lafayette class and the Benjamin Franklin class.
- 2) Lafayette class, modified Lafayette class and Benjamin Franklin class
- 3) Lafayette class, James Madison class, and Benjamin Franklin class

However, most sources (see below) agree and build on point #2), which is also reflected here. The reasons are purely factual. Vessels referred to as the James Madison class are so called in only one source, and the reason for the separation from the main line (meaning the Lafayette class) is not clearly specified.

Description


Lafayette-class submarines were the new generation of submarines in their day. They followed the same concept that became the worldwide standard. This was the placement of the missile shafts in a slightly raised space behind the turret.
The hull is a distinctly elongated droplet shape. Like many submarines carrying SLBMs, this class has a hump on the top of the hull (the raised area behind the turret). Unlike the previous George Washington and Ethan Allen classes, the "hump" on the Lafayette submarines is not very pronounced and the frontal transition is fully recessed into the drop-shaped hull. The rear transition into the hull of the submarine is with a slight "tooth".

The hydrodynamic droplet-shaped conning tower is distinctive, carrying depth rudders and is relatively tall (+/- 6-8 metres). At the stern of the vessel are conventional + shaped rudders, with a large upper vertical rudder.

The vessel SSBN-626 was fitted with a special specific superstructure at the bow of the hull in the form of a small tower with depth rudders. At the same time, it was probably equipped with a variable depth-of-dive bow sonar, which was successfully tested and used, but ultimately did not proliferate.

The crew quarters are fully air-conditioned and consist of 143 U.S. Navy personnel (according to another source, only 140). Of these, 13 are officers and the remaining 130 men are enlisted sailors and enlisted men. There were actually 2 complete crews for each submarine, called "Gold" and "Blue". This allowed for maximum use of the submarine's time while having a fresh crew at all times (the submarine does not unnecessarily anchor off shore while the crew is resting). This concept became the standard and is still used today.

Propulsion below and on the surface is provided by the S5W forced circulation pressurized water nuclear reactor (developed and manufactured by Westinghouse Corporation) together with 2 steam turbines with a total power of 15,000 horsepower (approximately 11,185 kW). This proven propulsion unit has been used successfully on over 6 classes and several other unclassified submarines. The submarine has a single propeller shaft (on the axis of the vessel) terminating in a propeller. Vessels are equipped with an auxiliary diesel-electric generator that can, with the aid of a breathing tube (snorkel), momentarily emergency propel the submarine.

Lafayette-class electronic equipment includes a surface-search radar AN/BPS-11A and a navigation radar AN/BPS-15. The vessels are equipped with a variety of sonar equipment, consisting of hull-mounted active sonar AN/BQS-4, a hull-mounted passive sonar array AN/BQR-7[/color: aaaaaa] (with three 15-meter hydrophones), an anticollision passive sonar [u:AN/BQR-19, passive sonar AN/BQR-21 DIMUS (which is an improved sonar AN/BQR-2) and a towed sonar array AN/BQR-15 (AN/BQQ-9). The torpedo fire control system is of type Mk.113 Mod.9. The combat operating system has not been identified. The submarines use satellite communications AN/WSC-3 and the SINS Mk.2 Mod.4 (Submarine / Ship Inertial Navigation Systems). They are also equipped with a passive receiver AN/WLR-8(V)5 for electronic warfare and reconnaissance. Like any other submarine, this class is equipped with periscopes.

The main armament of the Benjamin Franklin-class submarines is the Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM). Although the vessels were initially equipped with UGM-27B Polaris A-2 missiles and later a more powerful variant UGM-27C Polaris A-3, they were designed from the outset for the new generation UGM-73A Poseidon C-3 missiles, which were deployed at the time of their operational capability. For at least 5 vessels, USS Woodrow Wilson, USS James Madison, USS John C. Calhoun, USS Casimir Pulaski and USS Stonewall Jackson, it was decided that they would be rearmed with more modern, more powerful and more reliable UGM-96A Trident C-4 missiles.

Of course, the submarines are equipped with torpedo tubes. These are mounted in the bow in 4 pieces in standard 533 mm caliber. The supply was 12 torpedoes Mk-14 / Mk-16 or Mk-37 or Mk-45 ASTOR (torpedo with a nuclear warhead) or later also Mk-48 (or a combination thereof). The UUM-44A SUBROC anti-submarine cruise missiles were also in service. It is not known whether the vessels carried anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles (excluding the above missiles). However, it could carry and even lay mines (as most submarines do).

The information as well as the images below were (are) taken from the following websites - https://www.gdeb.com/ ; https://www.fas.org/ ; https://www.wikipedia.org/ ; https://navysite.de/ ; https://www.globalsecurity.org/ ; https://www.hazegray.org/ ; https://www.military.en/ ; also from Jane's Warships (ISBN 80-7236-080-9) ; Warships of the Present (ISBN 80-86215-81-4) ; Submarines - War Under the Waves (ISBN 978-80-206-0914-4) ; Submarines of the Present (ISBN 978-80-87087-00-8) ; Modern Submarines (ISBN 80-7180-291-3)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SSBN-Lafayette-t40832#274468 Version : 0
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