Kurita, Takeo

Takeo Kurita / 栗田健男
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Kurita Kurita
Jméno:
Given Name:
Takeo Takeo
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
栗田健男 / くりた・たけお
Fotografie či obrázek:
Photograph or Picture:
Hodnost:
Rank:
víceadmirál Vice-admiral
Akademický či vědecký titul:
Academic or Scientific Title:
? ?
Šlechtický titul:
Hereditary Title:
- -
Datum, místo narození:
Date and Place of Birth:
28.04.1889 Mito /
28.04.1889 Mito /
Datum, místo úmrtí:
Date and Place of Decease:
19.12.1977 Niši Nomija
19.12.1977 Nishi-Nomiya
Nejvýznamnější funkce:
(maximálně tři)
Most Important Appointments:
(up to three)
velitel: 2. flotila
velitel: 3. divize bitevních lodí
velitel: 7. divize křižníků
Commander: 2nd Fleet
Commander: 3rd Battleship Division
Commander: 7th Cruiser Division
Jiné významné skutečnosti:
(maximálně tři)
Other Notable Facts:
(up to three)
- -
Související články:
Related Articles:

Zdroje:
Sources:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/栗田健男
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Kurita-Takeo-t80849#535129 Version : 0
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Kurita Kurita
Jméno:
Given Name:
Takeo Takeo
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
栗田健男 / くりた・たけお
Všeobecné vzdělání:
General Education:
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Vojenské vzdělání:
Military Education:
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Důstojnické hodnosti:
Officer Ranks:
18.07.1910 námorný kadet
01.12.1911 podporučík
01.12.1916 poručík
01.12.1922 Korvetný kapitán
01.12.1927 Fregatný kapitán
01.12.1932 kapitán
15.11.1938 kontradmirál
01.05.1942 víceadmirál
18.07.1910 Midshipman
01.12.1911 Sublieutenant
01.12.1916 Lieutenant
01.12.1922 Lieutenant Commander
01.12.1927 Commander
01.12.1932 Captain
15.11.1938 Rear-admiral
01.05.1942 Vice-admiral
Průběh vojenské služby:
Military Career:
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Vyznamenání:
Awards:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/栗田健男
homepage2.nifty.com
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Kurita-Takeo-t80849#535130 Version : 0
Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita


1899 - 1977


Takeo Kurita was born in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture, in 1889. In 1905 he joined the Navajo Academy in Etajima. In 1910 he finished the 38th year as the twenty-eighth of 149 cadets. Torpedoes became his specialization.


He first served on the cruiser Satsuma, the Sakaki destroyers and the cruiser Iwate.


1. 12. 1916 he was promoted to lieutenant and went on duty at: cruiser Tone, destroyers Kaba and Minekaze, Yakaze and Hakaze.


In 1920, he received his first command opportunity when he was given command of the destroyer Shigure. A year later, he took command of the destroyer Oite. 1922 was followed by further promotion and command of the destroyers Wakatake, Hagi and Hamakaze. In 1927, after another promotion, he took over the last independent command of the destroyer Urakaze, and then higher command posts followed at the head of the 25th group of destroyers and the 10th group of destroyers.


1932 in the rank of naval captain was first in command of the 12th group of destroyers, then took command of the cruiser Congo.
On November 15, 1938, he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral and commanded the 7th Cruiser Division, with which he first covered the invasion of Japanese troops into French Indochina in the summer of 1941.


Towing in the Southern Seas


As part of the Southern Assault Fleet, he participated in the February 1942 invasion of Malaysia and the landing in Java, the Netherlands, where he fought in the Battle of the Gulf of Sunda against the USS Houston and HMAS Perth. This was followed by covering the landings in Sumatra and securing the Andaman Islands. He then took part in the Japanese navy's raid into the Indian Ocean in April and the liquidation of British naval units there. As part of the southern group, the 7th Cruiser Division made a separate raid into the Bay of Bengal, where it sank several British merchant ships.


Battle of Midway


On May 1, 1942, he was promoted to the rank of vice admiral at the head of the 7th Cruiser Division. t/80856] Wake[/url], attacked the next day by dive bombers from the USS Enterprise and USS Hornet. More ships suffered, but for the cruiser Mikuma five bombs became the final point of a combat career and He dived.


Fighting in the central Solomon Islands


In July 1942, he took command of the 3rd Battleship Division, at the head of which he took part in operations near Guadalcanal, especially devastating was his night bombing of Henderson Airport on the night of October 13-14, the most devastating Japanese naval strike against the base. He also participated in most naval operations in the campaign in central Solomon Islands.


Battle of the Philippine Sea


In July 1943 he took command of the 2nd Fleet. During the implementation of the A-Go plan in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, he commanded an advanced alliance that consisted of aircraft carriers Jamato, Musaši, Haruna , Kongo, těžkých křižníků Atago, Chokai, [url = http : //forum.valka.cz] Takao[/url], Maja, Kumano, Suzuja, Tone, Čikuma, l ehkého křižníku Noširo a 8 torpédoborců. The actual battle took place on June 19-20, 1944. The action ended in disaster for the Japanese Navy, which lost 3 aircraft carriers and a large number of aircraft and pilots. After this battle, the Japanese aircraft carriers played only a minor role.


Battle of Leyte Bay


The culmination of Kurit's naval career, which makes him the best known in history, is the Battle of Leyte Bay, originally called the Second Battle of the Philippine Sea, and is one of the largest naval engagements in history.


This battle is a series of several partial encounters between 23-26. October 1944, the most important are: the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, the Battle of the Strait of Surigao, the Battle of Cape Engano and the Battle of Samar Island.


Japan's Sho-Go 1 plan was based on sacrificing aircraft carriers in the form of bait in the Northern Union, which was intended to lure American forces away, while the main strike against the invading troops was to be carried out by the Central and Southern Union. The Central Union under Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita was composed of battleships Yamato, Musashi, Nagato, Congo, Haruna, heavy cruisers Atago, Maja, Takao, Chokai, Mjókó, Haguro, Kumano, Suzuja, Tone, Chikuma, light cruisers Nosiro, Jahagi and destroyers Shimakaze, Hayashimo, Akishimo, Chisinau , Okinami, Naganami, Asashimo, Hamanami, Fujijinami, Urakaze, Isokaze, Jukikaze, Hamakaze, Kijoshimo and Nowaki.


Kurit's Central Union was sailing around the island of Palawan when it was attacked by the submarines USS Darter and USS Dace at half past six in the morning on October 23. Their torpedoes sank the cruisers Atago and Maja, the cruiser Takao was damaged and, accompanied by two destroyers, retreated to the base. After the sinking of the flagship Kurita, he transferred his command post to the battleship Yamato. The weakened Central Union sailed into the Sibuyan Sea, where it was spotted around eight o'clock in the morning by a plane from the USS Interpid. Attacks against the Central Union were commissioned aircraft carriers of the 3rd Fleet under the command of Admiral Halsey.


The first wave of about 45 aircraft from TG 38.3 attacked at 10.45 the battleships Yamato and Musashi. Each of them was hit by one torpedo. The second wave of 45 aircraft from TG 38.2 attacked Musashi. The ship was hit by 4 bombs and 8 torpedoes. She began to lag behind the rest of the union, and Kurita assigned her the cruiser Tone to protect her. The third wave of about 30 aircraft arrived from TG 38.3 at 13.30. The fourth wave arrived at 14.14 from TG 38.4 and attacked Musashi again, which was again hit by bombs and torpedoes and its speed was reduced to 12 knots. The fifth wave of more than 60 planes attacked the badly damaged Musashi and hit her again. A total of 259 aircraft took part in the attack.


At 19.38, the battleship Musashi sank with Rear Admiral Inoguchi on board, after being hit by a total of 19 torpedoes and at least 17 bombs. The destroyers Kiyoshimo and Hamakaze fished out the wrecks and sailed for Manila. The battleship Yamato was hit by 2 torpedoes and 2 bombs and Nagato 2 torpedoes. The heavy cruiser Mjókó was damaged by 1 torpedo and had to sail to Brunei for repairs.


With the rest of the ships, Kurita made a 180-degree turn at 15.50 and began retreating through the Sibuyan Sea. At 5:14 p.m., he made another 180-degree turn and continued as planned to the Strait of San Bernardino. The remnants of Kurit's Central Union left the Strait of San Bernardino at 3 p.m. on October 25 and sailed south along the island of Samar.


The Central Union at the time consisted of the battleships Yamato, Nagato, Congo, Harun, the heavy cruisers Chokai, Haguro, Kumano, Suzuya, Tone, Chikuma, the light cruisers Nosiro, Jahagi, and 11 destroyers.


3 groups of the 7th Fleet under the command of Kinkaid had to stop Kurit's alliance, usually each with 6 escort aircraft carriers and 7 destroyers. Operational Unit 77.4.1 ("Taffy 1") consisting of the escort aircraft carriers Sangamon, Suwannee, Santee and Petrof Bay. Operational Unit 77.4.2 ("Taffy 2") consisting of the escort aircraft carriers Natoma Bay, Manila Bay, Marcus Island, Kadashan Bay, Savo Island and Ommaney Bay.Operational Unit 77.4.3 ("Taffy 3") consisting of the escort aircraft carriers Fanshaw Bay, St Lo, White Plains, Kalinin Bay, Kitkun Bay and Gambier Bay. Each escort aircraft carrier had about 30 aircraft, which brings together more than 500 aircraft.


At 068, Kurit's ships launched shelling of Taffy 3. Taffy 3 Commander Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague sent destroyers into a suicide counterattack, and with escort aircraft carriers tried to disappear behind a smokescreen and in a rain shower. Destroyers Hoel and Johnston and escort destroyer Samuel B. Roberts were sunk and 4 others damaged, but were given time to allow aircraft from all three groups to take off. The only Kurita sunken escort aircraft carrier was Gambier Bay.


US airstrikes sunk the cruisers Chokai, Suzuya, Chikuma and slightly damaged battleships Nagato, Haruna to Congo.


At 9.20 Kurit, after receiving news of the sinking of 4 Northern Union aircraft carriers and the destruction of the Southern Union in battle with American battleships, it was clear that all combat-ready US troops were rapidly withdrawing against him, as the Central Union posed the last actionable threat, attacking the weakest point. With only half of his own units left, after assessing the state of damage to the remaining Middle Union ships, fuel and ammunition, he ordered a northward turn and retreated toward the San Bernardino Strait.


After his departure, kamikazes appeared on the scene. The first group of 6 attackers attacked Taffy 1 and once hit the escort aircraft carrier Santee and once Suwannee. The second group of suicide planes hit the escort aircraft carrier St Lo, which later sank. A third group of 15 suicide planes attacked Taffy 3 and once hit the escort aircraft carrier Kalinin Bay. These were the first organized kamikaze attacks. Kurit's Central Union was attacked by American aircraft for the rest of the day, but he managed to avoid a night raid by American battleships. The prize for rescuing the battleship Yamato and the remnants of the 2nd Fleet was the failure to meet the mission's objectives - the destruction of the invading forces in the Gulf of Leyte.


The end of the war


At home in Japan, Kurita was criticized for not fighting to the end, and as a result he was removed from the post of commander of the 2nd Fleet in December 1944. In order to protect against possible murderous attacks, he was "cleaned up" to the post of commander of the Imperial Naval Academy, where he remained until the surrender of Japan.


He lived in seclusion after the war and did not admit until he was eighty that he had retreated in battle because he did not believe that further wasting the lives of his men would bring success, as he had long before come to believe that the war was lost to Japan.


He died in 1977 at the age of 88.


Resources:
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWkurita.htm
http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=14
www.battle-of-leyte-gulf.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Kurita
http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Leyte
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Kurita-Takeo-t80849#296115 Version : 0
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