Douglas TBD-1A Devastator

     
Název:
Name:
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator Douglas TBD-1A Devastator
Originální název:
Original Name:
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator
Kategorie:
Category:
protiponorkový/protilodní letoun aeroplane for anti-submarine/anti-ship warfare
Výrobce:
Producer:
DD.MM.1939-DD.MM.1939 Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Období výroby:
Production Period:
DD.MM.1939-DD.MM.1939
Vyrobeno kusů:
Number of Produced:
1 konverze (TBD-1 Devastator BuNo 0268)
První vzlet:
Maiden Flight:
DD.MM.RRRR
Osádka:
Crew:
2 - 3
Základní charakteristika:
Basic Characteristics:
 
Vzlet a přistání:
Take-off and Landing:
CTOL - konvenční vzlet a přistání CTOL - conventional take-off and landing
Uspořádání křídla:
Arrangement of Wing:
jednoplošník monoplane
Uspořádání letounu:
Aircraft Concept:
klasické conventional
Podvozek:
Undercarriage:
pevný fixed
Přistávací zařízení:
Landing Gear:
plováky floats
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Hmotnost prázdného letounu:
Empty Weight:
? kg ? lb
Vzletová hmotnost:
Take-off Weight:
? kg ? lb
Maximální vzletová hmotnost:
Maximum Take-off Weight:
? kg ? lb
Rozpětí:
Wingspan:
15,240 m 50ft
Délka:
Length:
? m ?
Výška:
Height:
? m ?
Plocha křídla:
Wing Area:
39.21 m2 422 ft2
Plošné zatížení:
Wing Loading:
? kg/m2 ? lb/ft2
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Kategorie:
Category:
pístový piston
Počet motorů:
Number of Engines:
1
Typ:
Type:
Pratt & Whitney R-1830-64 o vzletovém výkonu 671 kW a 633 kW v h= 2 438 m
s trojlistou stavitelnou vrtulí Hamilton Standard o průměru 3 120 mm
Pratt & Whitney R-1830-64, power 900 hp for take-off and 850 hp at 8,000 ft,
driving Hamilton Standard three-blade variable-pitch propeller of the diameter 10ft 2,82in.
Objem palivových nádrží:
Fuel Tank Capacity:
784 l 207 US gal
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Maximální rychlost:
Maximum Speed:
302.6 km/h v 2500 m 188 mph in 8202 ft
Cestovní rychlost:
Cruise Speed:
204.4 km/h v ? m 127 mph in ? ft
Rychlost stoupání:
Climb Rate:
? m/s ? ft/min
Čas výstupu na výšku:
Time to Climb to:
? min do ? m ? min to ? ft
Operační dostup:
Service Ceiling:
5450 m 17880 ft
Dolet:
Range:
? km ? mi
Maximální dolet:
Maximum Range:
? km ? mi
Výzbroj:
Armament:
1 x pevný kulomet Colt-Browning ráže 7,62 mm (500 nábojů)
1 x pohyblivý kulomet Colt-Browning ráže 7,62 mm na konci kabiny (600 nábojů)
1 x torpédo Bliss–Leavitt Mark XIII ráže 533 mm
One fixed forward-firing 0.50 inch Colt-Browning M2 machine-gun 600 rpg and
one flexible 0.30 in Browning machine gun in rear cockpit 500 rpg.
External stores:
One Bliss–Leavitt Mark XIII torpedo
Uživatelské státy:
User States:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
J. Schmid, Letadla 1939-45 (letadla USA), Plzeň 1992, ISBN 80-900-6194-X
aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu
http://www.aviation-history.com/douglas/tbd.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBD_Devastator
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/sww2/tbd.html
archiv autora
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Douglas-TBD-1A-Devastator-t82239#301336 Version : 0
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator



Float Devastator and US Navy


The history of this aircraft began in 1939, when the US Navy expressed interest in a floating torpedo aircraft suitable for coastal defense and service on the islands of the Pacific, where there was no airport to operate aircraft with wheeled landing gear.


At that time, the US Navy already had in its arsenal a torpedo bomber TBD -1 Devastator. One of the attempts of the US Navy to obtain a float bomber was the conversion of the already established on-board TBD-1 to a version with floats. In this case, the idea was not far from the action. As early as June 21, 1939, the first serial Devastator serial number 0268 was sent to naval aviation workshops in Philadelphia, where it was to be rebuilt. (note 1)


In the first phase (modification of the first prototype and its testing) there were no major modifications. The only change from the serial TDB-1 was the replacement of the wheeled chassis with floats. The wheeled chassis (including the controls) was therefore dismantled and two all-metal floats from EDO were installed instead using a system of tubular struts. The floats themselves were seven meters long and were terminated by small rudders (note 2). The defensive and offensive armament of such a modified machine did not differ from the standard version with a wheeled chassis. For shooting forward, the aircraft was equipped with one fixed machine gun caliber 7.62 mm with a supply of 500 rounds, which was controlled by the pilot. On the impeller in the rear of the cabin was installed one movable machine gun Colt-Browning M2 caliber 7.62 mm, which was controlled by a radio operator. For this machine gun, there were 600 rounds available in the aircraft. The offensive armament then consisted of a torpedo Bliss-Leavitt Mk. XIII caliber 533 mm.


The modified machine was redesignated the TBD-1A. Immediately after its completion, it was handed over to the base in Anacostia to perform flight tests and weapons tests. After a month of testing, the prototype flew to Rhode Island, where testing continued.


Overall, the Douglas TBD-1A was evaluated positively by test pilots. According to most pilots who had the opportunity to fly on these machines, the maneuverability of the machine did not deteriorate significantly. I do not know how much the weight of the float version has increased compared to serial aircraft, but it is confirmed from several sources that the performance of the float Devastator decreased due to the greater aerodynamic drag of the floats overall. The maximum speed of this version decreased at an altitude of 2,500 m (by 28 km/h) to 303 km/h and the operational range of the aircraft decreased (by 554 m) to 5,450 m.


In the early 1940s, the Navy lost interest in a floating torpedo bomber. So it ended the tests and sealed the whole project. The only modified machine of this version was then used at the Gould Island base to test torpedoes. That was his main, but far from the only task. He also participated in the tests of the new wing, which was designed for serial Devastators, and at the end of his career he also served as a test carrier for new types of aircraft radios. On September 22, 1943, this single prototype version of the TBD-1A was removed from the US Navy after six years of service and was dismantled the very next day.


In conclusion, I would like to note that this whole project was definitely not useless. First of all, it served the Navy to clarify for itself whether it needs such aircraft at all, and secondly, the floating TBD-1A served to verify the overall capabilities and operational capabilities of such machines.


Dutch interest in TBD-1A


At the end of 1939, the Netherlands also showed interest in the floating Devastators. It intended to order float bombers for its air force, and the modified onboard TBD-1 in version A did not escape their attention. The Dutch wanted to use it as a coastal defense patrol aircraft, both in Europe and in the Pacific. But they demanded some adjustments to the machines. In particular, they insisted on replacing the existing Pratt & amp; Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp with an output of 900 hp for the Wright GR-1820-G105A Cyclone with an output of 1,100 hp, which was also installed in the Dutch Brewster Buffalo fighters. It is very likely that the extra 200 horses would move the performance of the "Dutch" TBD-1A at least back to the level of serial onboard TBD-1. Less significant changes then concerned parts of the instrumentation and firearms. According to one older source (which I am not able to verify) the Dutch demanded the addition of one 12.7 mm forward firing fixed machine gun and the replacement of a movable machine gun shooter/radio operator (but it is not stated whether for one caliber 12.7 mm, or for a carriage with two machine guns caliber 7.62 mm). After these modifications, the "Dutch" TBD-1A would carry one fixed machine gun r. 12.7 mm, one fixed machine gun r. 7.62 mm and one r. 12.7 mm or double machine gun r. 7.62 mm to defend the rear hemisphere.


Work on this project in "paper" form at Douglas began right after the first negotiations with the Dutch, but the damage to the American manufacturer did not materialize the contract in the end. The flight of the prototype, the start of serial production and the subsequent delivery of the "Dutch" Devastators were finally prevented in 1940 by the occupation of the Netherlands by Germany.




Note 1 - The first serial Devastator serial number 0268 first took off on June 25, 1937 in Anacostia. In mid-July, he completed bombing tests in Dahlgren, and in the second half of August, night flights and torpedo attacks in Anacostia. During these tests, he made 65 flights, during which he flew 54.8 hours.


Note 2 - A special two-wheeled trolley has been designed to facilitate the handling of this floatplane. It was used to pull the TBD-1A out of the water and to manipulate the aircraft on the ground.




Sources:


J. Schmid, Aircraft 1939-45 (US aircraft), Pilsen 1992, ISBN 80-900-6194-X
aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu
http://www.aviation-history.com/douglas/tbd.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBD_Devastator
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/sww2/tbd.html
author's archive
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Douglas-TBD-1A-Devastator-t82239#301335 Version : 0
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator

Was the prototype float torpedo aircraft. Should be used to defend the coast and serve on the islands in the Pacific, on which was the airport allowing operation of the aircraft with wheel landing gear. Issued from the on-board torpedo bomber aircraft Douglas TBD-1 Devastator. To build a prototype was used first serial on-board TBD-1 Devastator (production number 0268).

Technical description

Conceptually this was a fairly robust three-digit single-engine all-metal low-wing with poloskořepinovým hull and completely covered the cabin crew. Aircraft powered by air-cooled radial čtrnáctiválec Pratt & Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp on the exercise of 671 kW (900 hp), which spinning three-blade variable pitch propeller Hamilton Standard, diameter 3 120 mm. Two under-wing fuel tanks to accommodate a total of 784 l of aviation gasoline. While the aircraft TBD-1 Devastator would have used the classic wheeled retractable landing gear záďového type, was a prototype TBD-1A this wheeled chassis (including controls) was removed and instead were using a system of tubular struts installed two all-metal floats companies EDO. Floats themselves were seven feet long and were tipped with small kormidly.

Wing prototype TBD-1A is different from the wing of the aircraft TBD-1. It was double-girder with a metallic coating. In the middle part of both halves of the wing was used gently corrugated duralumin sheet, which should increase the strength of the wings. A ripple started at the level of the bogie shafts and ends before terminating the arc wings. Wing area was equipped with ailerons and split flaps. The control surfaces were covered with canvas. The wings use hydraulics sklápěla upward.

The three-member crew in the prototype TBD-1A was maintained. She sat under a long (in front of the markedly convex) overlapping, which formed almost half the length of the aircraft. First sat pilot (the commander of the aeroplane), in the middle was a bombardier (TBD-1) / observer (TBD-1A) and at the end of the cab then the radio operator / gunner who operated the rear movable machine gun. On-board radio station, which operated together with the machine gun, was located in the cockpit behind the seat in a bomber / observer.

Aircraft armament consisted of shooting weaponry, and offensive overhead loadout. The defensive armament of the aircraft was formed by a fixed synchronized machine gun Colt - Browning M2 7.62 mm (in some cases, was installed machine gun caliber 12,7 mm) with a supply of 500 rounds of ammunition, which dominated the pilot, and a movable machine gun gunner / radio operator. Gunner / radio operator defended back polosféru aeroplane one movable machine gun Colt - Browning M2 7.62 mm mounted on the associated circle. For this machine gun was in an aeroplane available 600 rounds of ammunition. Before the shooting, it was first necessary to uncover (lift up) the rear part of the canopy of the crew. Assault weapons float TBD-1A was the air torpedo Bliss–Leavitt Mark XIII caliber 533 mm. It was when hanging by its rear part recessed into the hull (about 1/2 the diameter of the torpedo was hidden). The torpedo then directed at a slight angle downwards from the longitudinal axis of the airplane (this was one of the distinguishing features of Devastatoru). In the on-board TBD-1 was also possible to podvěsit under the fuselage two bombs weighing 454 kg or up to 12 bombs weighing 45 kg under the wings. These small bombs were carried on special platforms with six racks, which include one under each half of the wing between the undercarriage shaft and the dividing plane of the hinged part of the wing. These platforms certainly float TBD-1A use could not (did not allow that the location of the floats). But if the float Devastator could be armed with 454 kg of bombs placed under the fuselage and if it was in this configuration tested, none of the available sources does not.



Source :

J. Schmid, Aircraft 1939-45 (aircraft of the united states), Plzeň 1992, ISBN 80-900-6194-X
aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu
http://www.aviation-history.com/douglas/tbd.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBD_Devastator
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/sww2/tbd.html
author archive
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Zdroj :


http://www.airwar.ru/other/draw/tbd.html
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator -


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Zdroj :


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Douglas TBD-1A Devastator - Jediný kus plovákové verze TBD-1A v roce 1939

Jediný kus plovákové verze TBD-1A v roce 1939
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aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu
aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu



Douglas TBD-1A Devastator - Douglas TBD-1A experimental floatplane

Douglas TBD-1A experimental floatplane
Douglas TBD-1A Devastator - Douglas TBD-1A experimental floatplane

Douglas TBD-1A experimental floatplane
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Douglas-TBD-1A-Devastator-t82239#301711 Version : 0
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