ū 式 戦 闘 機 - Kyūgo-shiki sentōki - Army Fighter Type 95 Japanese name:?
Allied reporting name: "Perry"
Designation
Aircraft design - description
Kawasaki Ki-10 prototypes
from March 1935, the first two still with a double-bladed propeller, used rivets with a countersunk head, this led to an increase in max speed .
Kawasaki Ki-10-I [col ] 300 aircraft, during the operational deployment was found worse stability in shooting - this led to the creation of version II.
Sources used: Robert C. Mikesh and Shorzoe Abe, Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1990, ISBN: 1557505632 Václav Němeček, Military Aircraft Part 2, Our Army, Prague 1987; ISBN 80-206-0117-1 L + K 7/1986, Aircraft 1939-1945 www.aviastar.org www.daveswarbirds.com author's archive
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Kawasaki-Ki-10-Perry-t29881#107246
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Kawasaki Ki-10 - / - Perry 九五式戦闘機 / Kyūgo-shiki sentōki / Army fighter type 95
History: 大日本帝国陸軍航空本部 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun Kōkū Hombu (the command of the imperial army air force) in September 1934, refused to take into his arms jednoplošné fighter aircraft the Kawasaki Ki-5. Prototypes of this fighter and just completed the army tests and the test pilots of the army air force the new fighter jet vytýkali a small handling and lack of maneuverability, but the main and official reason for the rejection was the high landing speed. Further development of the aircraft of the Ki-5 was the technical department of the army air force terminated. Společnos 川崎航空工機業株式会社 - Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha in Gifu (hereinafter referred to as Kwasaki) was then asked to initiate the development of vysokovýkonného fighter biplane, in the specifications, it was inter alia required that should be: " ... the best japanese fighter aircraft". The specifications were entered, yet the other company, this company was 中島飛行機株式会社 - Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to as Nakajima), it is already supplied for army air forces such as the successful fighter machines (Type 91). Entered the specs were identical, but one difference there was - the fighter Nakajima Ki-11 should be jednoplošná.
In the company of Kawasaki there has been personnel changes in Germany after the rejection of the Ki-5, with a sense of ukřivdění returned dr. Richard Voght (he joined the factory Blohm und Voss), and so the work on the new project already drove the new chief designer ing. Takeo Doi (former first assistant to dr. Voghta) and assisted him engineer Isamu Imachi, the result of their work was the prototype, which was completed in march of the following year (1935). It was elegant jedenapůlplošník metal construction, the wings were covered with canvas and drive catered, as was the case for Kawasaki custom, terraced dvanáctiválec Ha-9-IIa, that spinning propeller with a fixed angle of attack of the blades. Ailerons were installed only on the upper wing. Armament was a classic - two synchronized machine guns Arisaka Type 89 Model 2 the caliber of 7.7 mm, for each machine gun was carried by the reserve of 450 rounds. Machine guns were installed above the engine and it was the equivalent of the british Vickersů.
In April was completed the second prototype and both aircraft will soon engage in comparative tests. The factory pilots have previously reported that the new aircraft overcomes the unsuccessful prototype of the Ki-5 in all respects, but after the first round of comparative tests with competing Nakajimou Ki-11 it turned out, that is jednoplošná Nakajima, after all, only in the horizontal flight faster. Here is shown how to carefully read Rikugun Kōkū Hombu did, when the company Nakajima has commissioned the construction of the jednoplošníku. Now monoplane with its performance, he worked on the design team Takeo Doie as duress aircraft.
Takeo Doi and his team really responded quickly, in-the fixed propeller was replaced with a propeller trojlistou, which could be a tendency of the blades is set on the ground before take-off. The great efforts of the then Takeo Doi, devoted to the aerodynamics, the biggest change has been the bow of the aircraft, which was rounded in the surrounding area, all of the rivets were recessed and přetmeleny, the result was to achieve a speed of 400 km/h, but was still less than was the competitive Nakajima, but the Kawasaki Ki-10 still had one big advantage on their side - excellent manoeuvrability. Command of the army air force it declared a winner of the contest and placed him into his arms under the designation: "Army fighter type 95 model 1".
Serial production of the new fighter was launched later in December 1935, the army pilots were with the new aircraft satisfied, was appreciated by his very good speed and climbing ability. Takeo Doi, but was aware that his aircraft still in the maximum speed lagged behind the competitive Nakajimou Ki-11, therefore, tried the speed of fighters increased further. From the production line was in April 1936 removed dvoustý the aircraft and its airframe have been made to the additional aerodynamic modifications. The hull has been "cleansed" from all to remove protrusions and sharp edges, the chassis was self-supporting, i.e., that they could be removed all of its auxiliary struts and braces and in addition, it was possible to back, between the legs, move and also reduce the heat sink of the liquid. The aircraft first flew in may 1936, but the adjustments have been progressively implemented up to October of this year. The maximum speed increased by 20 km/h and when using an identical engine. Thus the modified engine was designated as the Ki-10-I KAI, but existed only in a single copy.
Army pilots, on the basis of the experience gained, increasingly demanded a further improvement of the controllability. The complaints were related to the stability of the aircraft during the implementation of horizontal maneuvers. Japanese army air force lpělo still firmly on the tactics of fighter aircraft, which was in the east for the fights in the first world war. Takeo Doi and his team began work on an aircraft Ki-10-II. The improvements consisted in magnification of the margin of the upper wing of 510 mm, it is managed by nearly 15 % to reduce the load on the bearing surfaces. The length of the fuselage was extended by 350 mm, extended back part of the fuselage and thereby to improve the stability of the aircraft. Great attention has been paid to surface treatment and the reduction of the aerodynamic resistance, it was possible to achieve better performance is still the same engine. The production of this version took place from the beginning of June 1937 and was completed in December 1938, when it was completed the last of the 290 built machines of the Ki-10-II.
Takeo Doi, by this time already worked on another project, the army air forces requested the jednoplošnou fighter, and the Doi has just completed work on a modern fighter jet Ki-28. The development and modernisation of the Ki-10 had in their competence of the engineer Isamu Imachi, he has tried to further increase the performance, simplify the system of wing struts, changed the profile and shape of the wing, I installed a self-supporting legs of the chassis without buckling and used a completely closed compartment. Thanks to these aerodynamic improvements and also by installing a more efficient engine (Ha-9-IIb) managed to increase the maximum speed of the airplane up to 445 km/h. Attempt it was certainly interesting, but also no longer wasted, the era of the biplane in the japanese army air force has already ended and the army air force requested only jednoplošné fighter aircraft.
, the Operational deployment: In 1937 formed the army fighter type 95 model 1 the backbone of the japanese fighter aircraft, the units equipped with this type of aircraft served in Japan, Korea, Manchuria, China and Formose (Taiwan). In June 1937 Japan launched an attack on China, and this war lasted eight years, in the initial stage of the incident, had the Japanese in Manchuria more than two hundred combat aircraft (Ki-10 was 78), against these japanese machines operated about eighty chinese Curtissových Hawků II, the japanese army fighters with this power soon consult, the fight then shifted to the area of Shanghai, but here almost exclusively fought the japanese naval air force with their fighters A5M Claude. The army air force from January 1938 intervened successfully in the fighting in the area of Su-zhou, here to the fullest flashed on the aircraft Ki-10 captain Tateo Kato, who soon became an ace. He and members of his unit (2.Hiko Daitai) very successfully recaptured by estonians fighting with all types of chinese fighter aircraft to the american, british and soviet production. This year, however, already leads to progressive downloading dvouplošných Ki-10 and their replacement by new and more modern line aircraft Nakajima Ki-27.
Aircraft Ki-10 still hit in the battle at the river khalkhin gol, one of the captured aircraft the Russians have put a comparison combat with machines of its own production. The result was the finding that, for example, a fighter Polikarpov I-16 has the upper hand in firepower and speed, in conflict with the Ki-10 had the pilot of I-16 avoid manévrovacímu the duel and it was recommended to use mainly attacks from a height. I-15 was similar to that of the japanese machines, but the japanese machine was better in climb rate, the recommendation was to attack from the height, but the height is not to lose, when manévrováni was the Ki-10 better, only in the implementation of the turns with very small radius of the Ki-10 lost speed and fell. The real challenge for the pilot of the Ki-10 was the attack on the bomber Ilyushin DB-3 here could only be performed by a frontal attack and he was not too powerful for a weak machine gun armament of the japanese machines. For the pilots of the reconnaissance Němanů R-10 was issued a recommendation to have tried to use height and speed to avoid combat with the Ki-10, if the fight took place, so to try to keep the speed and manoeuvring to allow archers in the tower to lead the defensive fire.
After the outbreak of the Pacific war the Ki-10 for combat units only occur very sporadically and are used more for training and practice flying. Allied intelligence service allocated to it by the code name Perry.
Units that used the Ki-10: 1., 4., 5., 6., 8., 11. and 13. Rentai and 4., 9., 33., 59., 64. and 77. Sentai. Several dozen were in a state of flight school in Akenu.
sources: RRené J. Francillon Phd, Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland, Reprinted 1990, ISBN-0-87021-313-X Robert C. Mikesh and Shorzoe Abe, Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941, Naval Institute Press Annapolis, Maryland 21402, 1990, ISBN: 1-155750-563-2 William Green, War Planes of the Sekond World War – Fighters, Vol. Three, London, Macdonald, seventh edition, 1973, ISBN: 0-356-01447-9 William Green and Gordon Swanborough, Japanese Army Fighters, Part 2, Arco Publishing, 1.release, year 1978, ISBN: 0-66804-427-6 Václav Němeček, Military aircraft 2 part, Our Troops, Prague 1987; ISBN 80-206-0117-1 Tadashi Nozawa, Encyclopedia of Japanese Aircraft 1900-1945, Volume 4, Kawasaki Aircrafts. Shuppan-Kyodo Publishers, Tokyo, Japan, year 1960 Zbyněk War, Fighter aircraft 1939-45 the US-Japan, Olomouc, Votobia, 1996, ISBN 80-7198-091-9 http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/japan_kato.htm www.aviastar.org www.historyofwar.org http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/ki10.html the archive of the author.
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