Nakadžima Typ 91

Nakajima Type 91 - přehled verzí
Nakajima Type 91 - version overview


Nakajima NC
prototypes, which took part in the May 1938 competition for an army fighter aircraft, designed influenced by Nieuportem Delage


Nakajima Type 91-1
serial & # 283; manufactured fighter aircraft, powered by Nakajima Jupiter VI-IX engines, participating in the fighting on the Chinese battlefield.


Nakajima 7-Shi
failed attempt, modify Type 91 for naval air force, Nakajima Kotobuki 5 engine


Nakajima Type 91-2
a small series of aircraft from 1934 with more reliable Nakajima engines
Kotobuki 2


Production: since 1927 the first prototypes and & # 382; until 1934


Manufacturer: Nakajima Hikoki Kabushiki Kaisha
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History:


Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun Kōkū Hombu (command of the Imperial Army Air Force) decided in the second half of the 1920s to replace an excellent but already obsolete fighter aircraft Nakajima Ko-4, which was licensed Nieuport NiD 29. Rikugun Kōkū Hombu demanded a fighter jet for its troops that would be of purely Japanese design and manufacture. Wish is one thing, but practice is another. The Japanese aerospace industry in 1927 had not yet reached such a level that it could produce "purely" Japanese aircraft (Rikugun Kōkū Hombu postponed the competition because of this and waited for a large foreign influence on Japanese designers to decline).
The competition was announced by Rikugun Kōkū Hombu in 1927, and on the basis of this call, all three large companies entered their aircraft factories and their own design teams capable of designing modern and powerful aircraft. Let's look at the submitted projects and the companies themselves:

As 崎 航空 工 機 業 株式会社 - Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha entered its prototype KDA-3[/b ]. The aircraft was designed by German designer Dr. Richard Vogt, who worked at the Kawasaki factory with his team. The KDA-3 type itself was based on the German aircraft Dornier Do H Falke, which was purchased by the factory for study purposes. Originally Dr. Vogt counted on the BMW VI engine (the first prototype), but later used French-made Hispano-Suiza engines.


The second company Mitsubishi 重工業 株式会社 - Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha designed its lightweight Hayabusu , internal designation 1MF2, another German designer, Dr. participated in the direct supervision of this aircraft. Alexander Baumann. It was originally designed as a low-flying aircraft, but at the command of the Army Air Force was modified to a high-altitude form. The machine had very fine shapes and also a sad fate - it fell apart during tests and its pilot Nakao was the first Japanese pilot to be rescued by parachute.


Finally, the third participating company was aj 島 飛行 機 株式会社 - Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha (Nakajima), which in turn was strongly influenced by the French school (there were also designers André Marie and Maxime Robin in the factory), so the local designers were inspired [b ] Nieuportem-Delage.


All three companies designed high-altitude planes, which was also the wish of the Air Force Technical Office, the first two companies used in-line engines of German and French production, Nakajima used a lighter engine star nine-cylinder Bristol Jupiter VI, which its motor factory produced under license under the name Nakajima Jupiper VI. The competition was finally definitively canceled by Rikugun Kōkū Hombu in May 1928, as it was discovered that all the machines entered had problems with the strength of the structure.


In the end, Nakajima was the only one to persevere and, at its own expense, continue with further development, with the enticing vision that it would become the main supplier of military fighters. Its type marked Nakajima NC went through radical in 1929-1931 modifications and reconstructions, until finally in 1931 the set goal was reached - the aircraft was accepted at the end of 1931 into the armament of the Army Air Force as "Army Fighter Type 91".


The Japanese Air Force thus received an excellent fighter that surpassed all Japanese aircraft of the time. Pilots and ground staff liked the new aircraft for its low maintenance and very good performance. However, the aircraft once had its weakness, this weakness was the fragility of the structure, it was a legacy of the original prototype, this subtlety subsequently manifested itself during the "Shanghai incident", where most of the losses were caused by insufficient strength of the structure.


In 1932, the Nakajima factory tried to offer its "ninety-one" also to the Naval Air Force, the navalized prototype was marked Nakajima 7-Shi, according to the specifications of the Naval Air Force. However, Kaigun Kōkū Hombu did not show interest in this aircraft.
The last 91-1 fighters were taken over by the Army Air Force in March 1934, later even more modern 91-2s were delivered, but there were only a small number of them. In operational service, this fighter was later fully replaced by the last fighter biplane Kawasaki Ki-10 Perry.[/B]



Sources used:
William Green and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown, Smithmark Publisher, 1995, ISBN-10: 0-83173-939-8
Robert C. Mikesh and Shorzoe Abe, Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941, Naval Institute Press Annapolis, Maryland 21402, 1990, ISBN: 1-155750-563-2
T. Nozawa, Encyclopedia of Japanese Aircraft 1900-1945. Vol.5. (第 航空 機 総 集 〈第 5 巻〉 中 島 篇), Nakajima Aircraft., Shuppan-Kyodo (出版 協同 社) year 1983
Lubomír Vejřík, The Rise and Fall of the Nippon Eagles 1931-1941 - Prologue, Edition Svět křídel Cheb, first edition, 1994, ISBN 80-85280-26-4
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/nc.html
www.ne.jp
author's archive
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