Klenau von Janowitz, Johann

generál jezdectva
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Klenau von Janowitz Klenau von Janowitz
Jméno:
Given Name:
Johann -
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Johann Josef Cajetan von Klenau und Janowitz
Fotografie či obrázek:
Photograph or Picture:
Hodnost:
Rank:
generál jezdectva General of the Cavalry
Akademický či vědecký titul:
Academic or Scientific Title:
- -
Šlechtický titul:
Hereditary Title:
hrabě, svobodný pán Count, Baron
Datum, místo narození:
Date and Place of Birth:
13.04.1758 Benátky nad Jizerou
13.04.1758 Benatky nad Jizerou
Datum, místo úmrtí:
Date and Place of Decease:
06.10.1819 Brno
06.10.1819 Brno
Nejvýznamnější funkce:
(maximálně tři)
Most Important Appointments:
(up to three)
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Jiné významné skutečnosti:
(maximálně tři)
Other Notable Facts:
(up to three)
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Související články:
Related Articles:

Zdroje:
Sources:
HOLLINS, David: Austrian Commanders of the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2004
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Klenau
Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Band 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1965
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882
www.napoleon-series.org
www.napoleon-online.de
SCHMIDT-BRENTANO, Antonio: Kaiserliche und k. k. Generale (1618-1815), Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, 2006
en.wikipedia.org
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Klenau-von-Janowitz-Johann-t164658#497780 Version : 0
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Klenau von Janowitz Klenau von Janowitz
Jméno:
Given Name:
Johann -
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Johann Josef Cajetan von Klenau und Janowitz
Všeobecné vzdělání:
General Education:
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Vojenské vzdělání:
Military Education:
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Důstojnické hodnosti:
Officer Ranks:
DD.MM.1775 podporučík
DD.MM.RRRR rytmistr
15.01.1790 major
12.02.1793 podplukovník
DD.MM.1795 plukovník
01.05.1797 generálmajor
29.10.1800 polní podmaršál
26.07.1813 generál jezdectva
DD.MM.1775 Junior Lieutenant
DD.MM.RRRR Captain of Horse
15.01.1790 Major
12.02.1793 Lieutenant Colonel
DD.MM.1795 Colonel
01.05.1797 Major General
29.10.1800 Lieutenant Field Marshal
26.07.1813 General of the Cavalry
Průběh vojenské služby:
Military Career:
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Vyznamenání:
Awards:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
HOLLINS, David: Austrian Commanders of the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2004
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Klenau
Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Band 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1965
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882
www.napoleon-series.org
www.napoleon-online.de
SCHMIDT-BRENTANO, Antonio: Kaiserliche und k. k. Generale (1618-1815), Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, 2006
en.wikipedia.org
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Klenau-von-Janowitz-Johann-t164658#497783 Version : 0

Birth and the beginning of the military career

Birth
Jan Josef Kajetán Nicholas earl of Klenova, free the lord of the Janovic was born 13. April 1758 in a castle in benátky nad Jizerou as the son of a member of the ancient Czech noble family of the lords of Klenova. In the history of their country enrolled as a talented, thoughtful, yet brave commander.

Potato war
In 1774 he joined the Jan from Klenova as a cadet for the infantry regiment no. 47. A year later he was promoted to ensign. Shortly thereafter, however, he switched to the cavalry, specifically to švališérskému regiment no 7. With him he had the war about the heritage of the bavarian from the years 1778-1779, during which he was promoted to rytmistra. This so-called potato war was a conflict marker and not during any big battle, rather to a variety of tactical movements and diatribes, which resulted in minor clashes. It was a perfect situation just for light cavalry.

War with the Turks
When I broke out the eighth austrian-Turkish war from years of 1787-1791, served the count of Klenau at dragounského regiment no. 26. In Belgrade demonstrated here personal bravery, when as commander of the advance of the austrian post repelled an attack significantly more numerous Turkish forces. For this piece he was rewarded with a promotion to the rank of major. In may 1792 he was transferred to dragounskému regiment no. 1. It no longer was Austria at war with revolutionary France.


War with revolutionary France

Upper Rhine
At the beginning of the year 1793 was Klenau, promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and joined the austrian forces on the Rhine under the command of general of cavalry count von Wurmsera. During the skirmishes in Leimersheimu near Offenbach was captured, but fortunately he was soon liberated by a pair of austrian riders from the hussar regiment no. 17. The next, but all turned and Klenau in the field in the fall and in the winter of 1793 fully proven. During the conflict in Schaidu, during 1. the battle of Wissembourg, in the sortie at Brumath, during the attack on the Weiersheim or defense Reichshofenu and Dangendorf did very well and his performance was rated positively. During the December defensive battles at Weissenburg was injured. Fortunately, it's nevyřadilo of the other fights, and so could your ability to demonstrate in August 1794 during the battle of Liège. His superiors had only words of praise.

Because of basel's degree from the July of 1795, had the prussian troops to clear the valley of the Rhine and the Main, which immediately occupied by the French. Soon fell the fortress of Mannheim and the city of Düsseldorf. This forced the austrian commander to withdraw their troops across the Main. At Heidelberg he was standing a field podmaršál Quosdanovich, which left beyond the river in the village of Handschuhsheim hastily build up of downed trees abatis and was about to with its 8 thousand men to face the French outnumbered outnumbered 12 thousand men. When they left the French to attack, got Klenau order to hit them with his imperial dragoons in the meet. It succeeded so perfectly, that first scattered the mounted shooter, brought confusion among the infantry, and captured several guns. When its own losses around roughly two hundred men did the Austrians fight a thousand French and five hundred captured. Count von Klenau you for this brave and skillful counter-attack that decided the outcome of the battle, earned him the knight's cross of the Military order of Maria Theresa, promotion to the rank of colonel and command of the hussar regiment no. 30. In this new role, well led, which has demonstrated at the end of the year 1795 in clashes in Oggersheimu and Schweigenheimu.

Italy - Mantova
When field marshal von Wurmser he took over the command of the Lombard army, and took over the task to try to save obléhanou of Mantua, was on this theater of war was transferred and colonel von Klenau, which progressed to the forefront of the Quosdanovich'the column. During the descent of the alspkých passes found survey, that the French garrison in the city of Brescia is not ready for combat operations. Klenau decided to take a risk and in the early hours of the morning 30. July raided his tour de force regiment reinforced by a battalion of infantry and a platoon of hunters to the city, and captured here for more than five hundred French soldiers and as a bonus, three members of the direktoria (Lannes, Murat, Kellermann). But the next moment brought a Napoleon with twelve thousand men. Klenau had a available order of magnitude smaller number of men, and so already 1. August Brescia left and joined back to Quosdanovichově column. That in the days of the 3. and 4. August 1796 brought with Napoleon the battle of Lonata. Napoleon won and pushed this part of the austrian forces back into the mountains. Quosdanovichova column was isolated from the main part of Wurmserových forces on lake Garda. The French could once again go south and ride with Wurmserem the battle of Castiglione. Napoleon won again, drove the Austrians beyond the river Mincio, and could then renew the siege Mantua. In early September, Klenau joined the Wurmserovi and took part in 8. September 1796 the battle of Bassano. Napoleon's talent, and the French double the sheer numbers have brought austrian troops to defeat and the necessity of retreat. Napoleon in addition ordered the prosecution of the retreating Austrians, and you lost a cannon and a considerable part of the trénu. Wurmser but still refused to give up the idea to save Mantua. 15. September brought near mantovské the fort with the French the battle of La Favorites. The austrians lost, and retreated, this time to the fortress itself. Klenau so involved in her defense. Field master-at-arms Alvinczy set out to the fort to help, but in mid-January, lost the battle of Rivoli. Now no longer could defenders of the fortress to rely on any outside help and began to negotiate terms of surrender. He led the negotiations Klenau with the general Sérurierem. 2. February 1797 Wurmser surrender the charter signed. Kontrasignována was Klenauem. Klenau subsequently moved to camp near Vienna, which it reached in April of the same year. Since it was his Italian engagement positively evaluated and superiors considered him a promising commander, occurred in may 1797 to his promotion to the rank of major general.

Italy - Ferrara
Since diplomatic negotiations had led to the lost and Napoleon's conquests still more concerned with the european monarch, it is not surprising that there has been a resumption of fighting between the major european powers. When that happened, he was the count Klenau Italy, where he had available the formation of four and a half thousand men. In addition to he managed to in the valley of the Fall cause an uprising of the local population. Many of them then participated n the battles with the French. 15. April 1799 major general Klenau brought to Ferrara, and demanded on French commander Lapointe surrender of the local fortress which was the strategic focal point not only in relation to the city, but also the wider area. Klenau left around the fort only a portion of their forces and set off to capture the other smaller footholds in the vicinity of the city. The defenders of the fort attempted several sorties against the obléhatelům, but you is with the assistance of the rebels always repelled. There was three attempts for outside help. Two completely failed, the third could to the fort to deliver supplies and reinforcements, but a fundamental change in the balance of forces did not bring. After the fall of the city and heavy artillery, the garrison of the fortress 24. may has capitulated. Then Klenau took possession of several other points of reference, thereby facilitating it situation main Suvorova forces.

of Swabia
In the following year he was Klenau transferred to the Kraya austrian forces in Germany. Attended here battles Stockachu and Messkirchu. The austrians, although both lost, however Klenaův performance was evaluated positively. Then Klenau together with field podmaršálem Simbschenem tried the active movement in the area of Nuremberg to defend the Franks against the advance of the French forces of general Augereaua. However, at the end of September 1800 he was called to Bohemia, where he took over command of the division and given the task to cover the area of the Czech republic. In October there was promoted to the rank of field podmaršála, and already in 42 years. It wasn't in the austrian army have nothing in common and it shows that count von Klenau was considered very good and promising field commander. An honorable reward was even granting property švališerského regiment no. 5. This year Klenau married the widowed Mary Josephine Somsich de Sard, nee de Viseck. Together they had a daughter Mary.


Napoleonic wars

Ulm
In 1805 he once again got to the word weapons. The austrian Main army marched into Bavaria, but was not too well prepared. Archduke Karl was sick, so him on the spot the commander of the austrian units replaced archduke Ferdinand of estenské side line of the Habsburgs. To function but not enough and it fulfilled this role only nominally. In fact it replaced the chief of staff of the Main army field podmaršál Mack. Nor did he but he wasn't too decisive leader and, moreover, was soon wounded. Still more say so had Charles Philip of Schwarzenberg, but even that only garnered experience in a command such large formations. The austrian army had problems also with the supply.

To meet the Austrians surged towards the end of July 1805 the French army. Napoleon put down the plan for the invasion of Britain, and so could Germany send a strong army. The two clusters on each hit in Swabia. The first clash occurred 8. October in the bavarian Wertingenu, northwest of Aušpurku, where Muratovo cavalry along with Lannovými grenadier guards ran over unprepared and numerically inferior austrian troops. The following day, the French and Austrians clashed on the danube south shore in Günzburg. French 59. terraced regiment here, made a resolute sortie, seized the bridge across the Danube and forced the more numerous austrian troops towards the Ulm. The French quite easy to gain a bridgehead on the Danube.

One of the few bright points of this campaign was the performance of the formation under the command of count von Klenau, during the battle of Haslachu-Jungingenu of 11. of October 1805. However, it unfortunately did not change anything on the overall outcome. The austrians had to retreat to Ulm. The retreat was not too orderly, the morale of the soldiers, who did not have confidence in your supreme commander, quickly declined. The situation even worsened defeat at memmingen by. Logically, came 14. October defeat at Elchingenu, exacerbated by the loss of the local bridges over the Danube and a large part of the artillery in Thalfingenu. Austrian troops to withdraw to Ulm, which the French surrounded. Part of the austrian cavalry, together with the archduke Ferdinand, managed to slip away and go to the Czech republic. Field podmaršál von Klenau was among those who stayed on the site. Once again, he helped negotiate the terms of surrender, which Mack had signed 21. October. Count von Klenau was released on parole, he will not engage in fighting, until properly exchanged for one of the captured French generals. This kept his promise. In 1808 the count was appointed a member of the the court war council and in January of the following year received komandérský cross of the Order of Leopold.

Aspern
Field podmaršál count von Klenau, also attended the operations of the year 1809. In the battle of jihoněmeckého Eckmühlu, which was fought 22. April 1809, he commanded the advance formation. This dealt a heavy loss of the French cavalry. Indeed, the whole battle was a disaster for the austrian army, which went through reorganization, but not everything worked ideally. The following day, the two sides again fought, this time in Regensburg. The austrian cavalry here was pressed by the French, but Klenau together with major general Vécseyem tried to counterattack. Initially, they managed to push ahead of the French frontal formations, but then came the French heavy cavalry, and there was quite cluttering should, however, the austrian wing pressure resist and the Austrians were pushed back in retreat.

In may, the French troops converged on the sight of Vienna. The French took over the island of Lobau, while the Austrians held the east-lying heights. Amongst them were several villages, including Aspernu and Eßlingu. Klenau in the battle he commanded about six thousand advanced formation composed of hunters, infantry, hussars, hulánů and driving the artillery. Unfortunately, he got his orders too late, and thus arrived at the position of the French III. the choir at the Eßlingu up in the daylight. The French had an excellent view and launched his troops a heavy fire, but Klenau advanced steadily forward, he managed to set up his own cannon and go into the village that had a house behind the house. In addition, they were able to place the cannons that shelled the bridges, after which the French were retreating. The following day Napoleon tried to attack the austrian center, while Klenau was on the right Wednesday against Lannesovým units. The French almost managed to break through, but at the last moment arrived, archduke Karl with the latest advances. The French attack stopped and retreated again to the danube bridges, which once again let Klenau cover of strong artillery fire. For their performance and their bravery, received a field podmaršál count von Klenau komandérský cross of the Military order of Maria Theresa. The victory at Aspern it turns out that Napoleon is defeated, but the austrian army had fallen asleep on the laurels. While taking some of the defensive engineering measures, but nepřisunula backup. The French, on the contrary, called to Vienna the next unit.

Wagram
The day before the battle of Wagram, he took over von Klenau temporary command of the VI. the corps, as general von Hiller fell ill. The corps was a few miles before the main austrian forces. In the afternoon, Klenau recorded the arrival of a strong French formation and conducted an orderly retreat to Russbachu. This meant that the French again seized the Aspernu and Eßlingu. The following day, the archduke decided to place the attempted encirclement of the French forces. The austrian VI. the choir once again took possession of the two villages, the pliers began to pinch, but Klenau did not have enough forces for another procedure due to French artillery fire from the Lobau. In addition Kolovratovy units were not in sight, and the archduke John advanced forward, too slowly. So it was not possible to use more than a half a mile long gap in the French lines and Klenau had to the contrary reflect Massénův a strong attack on their position. His men held bravely, but the French numerical superiority eventually showed itself. The austrians lost and started to retreat to Moravia. Klenau was given the task of this retreat to cover. His units were able to punish each pursuer, who got carried away and approached too close.


Liberation war

Dresden
In 1812 he was Klenau appointed a secret council and in the following year promoted to the rank of general of cavalry. In the same year also received the grand cross of the Order of Leopold. Newly was also appointed commander of the austrian IV. corps.

At the end of August to try and the armies of the sixth coalition to conquer Dresden. Missed but the suitable moment and Napoleon to the city arrived with reinforcements. Klenauův corps was on the left wing and he was from the main core of troops separated by a flooded river Weißeritz. Drive your massive attack marshal Murat. Klenau was outnumbered and isolated. Not surprisingly, then, couldn't the French stop. As a result, had to download the rest of the coalition forces. The French pursued them, but sustained defeat at Chlumec. In other places the Frenchman started to contend with still greater difficulties.

Leipzig
In the days before the decisive battle of Leipzig took Klenau Liebertwolkwitz, but he was out pushed out by a French counter-attack. He managed to at least occupy the top of the Kolmberg and set up here the artillery, however, even here it was forced out the French, but who themselves couldn't hill keep, and the well subsequently experienced several alternating sides. During one of the French sortie, he was hit his horse and Klenau was almost captured, but managed to break through to his men, to reorganise it and make another attack.

At the beginning of the battle itself succeeded the French artillery to create a gap between the Russian and by the prussian forces. He wanted to take advantage of Murat, but the timely arrival of the coalition cavalry his intention foiled. Among the riders were also unit IV. corps. Klenau also managed to protect Schwarzenberg against the French, who were trying to flank. Coalition commanders were in the afternoon while pushed to the default position, but it was an orderly process, during which no part of the forces of the left surround. Plus, he had Napoleon in reserve only one choir, while the coalition units help arrived in the form of a hundred thousand men. The coalition is additionally joined Bavaria.

the Siege of Dresden
After the victory at Leipzig, the coalition command has decided to occupy Dresden. The task was entrusted to the austrian IV. corps. Klenau returned to the saxon capital. 11. November marshal Saint-Cyr capitulated. Klenau negotiated the surrender terms so that the French could withdraw into France with the fact that half of the year will not participate in the fighting with the Coalition. Schwarzenberg but this agreement has refused to ratify, and the French so fell into captivity.


Leipzig

Klenau remained with the Czech army, which proceeded slowly on to Paris. 20. march 1814 Napoleon tried this army stop at Arcis-sur-Aube, but his attempt was repulsed. Klenau, also attended the battle of Fère-Champenoise a few days later, in which koaličnímu cavalry managed to break the French squares and forced them to retreat. Napoleon's empire soon collapsed and the coalition forces entered Paris. Klenau here but didn't stay long. He was transferred to Italy, where he continued to served as the commander of the corps, which bore his name. When the war finally ended, he was general of the cavalry count von Klenau appointed commanding general in Moravia and Silesia. This position he held until his death. Died 6. October 1819 in Brno.



Resources: see above.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Klenau-von-Janowitz-Johann-t164658#497788 Version : 0
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