1529 - první turecké obléhání Vídně

First Turkish Siege of Vienna
     
Název:
Name:
První turecké obléhání Vídně Siege of Vienna in 1529
Datum:
Date:
27.09.1529-15.10.1529
Válčiště / Fáze:
Theatre of Operations / Phase:
?
?
Místo:
Location:
Vídeň Vienna
GPS:
GPS:
48°12'00.00"N 16°22'00.00"E
Účastníci:
Belligerents:
 
Strana A:
Side A:
Svatá říše římská
České království
Falcké kurfiřtství
Španělské království
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Bohemia
Electoral Palatinate
Kingdom of Spain
Strana B:
Side B:
Osmanská říše
Moldavské knížectví
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Moldavia
Velitelé:
Commanders:
 
Strana A:
Side A:
Mikuláš ze Salmu
Vilém z Rogendorfu
Filip Falcko-Neuburský

Eck von Reischach
Abel von Holleneck
Leonhard von Vels
Reinprecht von Ebersdorf
Ernst von Brandenstein
Hans von Hardegg
Nicholas of Salmu
William of Rogendorf
Philip of Palatinate-Neuburg

Eck von Reischach
Abel von Holleneck
Leonhard von Vels
Reinprecht von Ebersdorf
Ernst von Brandenstein
Hans von Hardegg
Strana B:
Side B:
Sulejman I.
velkovezír Pargali Ibrahim Paša

anatolský bejlerbej
rumelský bejlerbej
bělehradský paša
bosenský paša
mostarský paša
smederevský sandžak-bej
rúmský sandžak-bej
Suleiman I
Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha

Beylerbey of Anatolia
Beylerbey of Rumelia
Pasha of Belgrade
Pasha of Bosnia
Pasha of Mostar
Sanjak-bey of Smederevo
Sanjak-bey of Rum
Síly:
Strenght:
 
Síly strana A:
Forces Side A:
cca 20 000 ca 20,000
Zobraz detail:
Show Detail:
  
Síly strana B:
Forces Side B:
cca 120 000 ca 120,000
Zobraz detail:
Show Detail:
  
Ztráty:
Losses:
 
Ztráty strana A:
Losses Side A:
? ?
Zobraz detail:
Show Detail:
  
Ztráty strana B:
Losses Side B:
15 000 15,000
Zobraz detail:
Show Detail:
  
Cíle a výsledek:
Objectives and Result:
 
Typ operace, strana A:
Type of Operation, Side A:
obrana
defense
Typ operace, strana B:
Type of Operation, Side B:
obléhání
siege
Cíle, strana A:
Objectives, Side A:
ubránit město - splněn
Defend the city - fulfilled
Cíle, strana B:
Objectives, Side B:
dobýt město - nesplněn
způsobit škody před dalším útokem - splněn částečně
Conquer the city - unfulfilled
Cause damage for a later attack - partially fulfilled
Výsledek:
Result:
vítězství strany A victory for side A
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
http://www.wien-vienna.at/geschichte.php?ID=1681
de.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna
http://www.wien-vienna.com/vienna1529.php
www.habsburger.net
URL : https://www.valka.cz/1529-prvni-turecke-oblehani-Vidne-t175344#518252 Version : 0

CONQUESTS of the OTTOMAN TURKS: FROM CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER MOHÁČ


The Turkish sultan Mehmed II. he moved in 1421 to the throne and already in the year 1453 conquered the Constantinople. This success then foreshadowed the more extensive discharge. The ottomans have conquered Persia, mainland Greece and Moreu, most of the Greek islands and Trapezunt. There was also Evia and Kaffa. Christian powers because of the mutual contradictions vzmohly just on a smaller defensive operations. Mehmed tried to conquer Rhodes, but the hospitallers was repulsed. On the contrary, the Italian Otranto 1480 fall, but the sultan on the Apennine peninsula in the discharge did not continue, as they had to pay to Persia, where in 1481 he died. His successor Bajezid II. while the possession of the venetian possessions in Greece and incorporate Karaman, otherwise, but he devoted himself mainly to the internal governance of the empire. After he joined of Selim I., who has conquered, the sultanate, which won the Levant, Egypt and Arabia. On these already so respectable, the territorial gains followed the discharge of his successor, Suleiman I. He came to the throne in 1520, and already the following year he conquered Belgrade. In 1522, he fought Rhodes. Then he again went to the Balkans, where were his goal to Pimples. He conquered the fortress in Petrovaradíně and occupied the Banat. Here then headed north. In the summer of 1526 he defeated at Mohacs the Czech and Hungarian king Louis Jagiello, who in the battle died. Already before there were Pimples completely stable due to the activities of John Zápolského and now there was no power that could the Turks effectively resist. You looted Pécs or Pest and their forward units, having raged at the Balatonského and lake neusiedl. Europe at that moment saved the problems in Asia, which forced the sultan to focus on the time on the matter. However, the road to Vienna was more or less open.

FERDINAND ALSO. And the SITUATION IN HUNGARY


In 1515 the emperor Maximilian I. and the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislav Jagellonský agreed in the matrimonial treaty. Its content was the marriage of one of the emperor's grandchildren (eventually it became the Ferdinand) with Vladislavova daughter Anna, and at the same time Vladislavova son Louis with Ferdinandovou sister, Mary. The wedding of Ferdinand of Habsburg and Anna Jagiello. Marriage of Ferdinand with Anne took place in may 1521, the marriage of Louis with Maria then shortly after, in January 1522. When he died Ludvík Jagellonský at Mohacs without leaving a descendant, began to Ferdinand to seek as the husband of his sister of both royal thrones. The Czech king was elected in October 1526, and crowned in February of the following year. In Hungary it was more complicated. The majority of the Hungarian estates in November 1526, the king chose transylvania duke John Zápolského. In December, a handful of faithful left in Bratislava by the king to choose and Ferdinand. Zápolský leaning on your own possessions and Turkish help. Ferdinand relied on his older brother Karl, who was the Spanish king and holy roman emperor. For now, he had influence in the western and upper Hungary and in Croatia. Ferdinand's troops led by Mikuláš of Salma managed to beat Zápolského forces in the battle of Tarcalu and consequently occupy a large part of the country. Ferdinand could leave the crown the Hungarian king. Zápolský then suffered another defeat and had to leave Transylvania. The temporary sanctuary he found in the Polish Sieradzi. The local duke Laski but he wasn't strong enough, so he could help significantly. However advised him to have turned with a request for help to Istanbul. Zápolský reportedly, for some time hesitated, but eventually on the advice he gave. Indeed, Ferdinand a representative there also sent, although he has tried to achieve peace. To Istanbul then went Laski, to here acted Zápolského name. The sultan will use it, because it provided an excuse to further the campaign. Ferdinand ambassador in addition demanded the unconditional recognition of Ferdinand as Hungarian king and the return of Belgrade and Jajce, which he regarded Suleiman for the insult. The sultan then agreed with Zápolským that will help him on the Hungarian throne, for which he undertook to pay tributu.

TURKS set off


The sultan soon in Plovdiv gathered a great army, whose command of commissioned grand vizier Ibrahim Pasha. The army had in the year 1528 issue in Hungary, however, its stocks were destroyed by very strong storms and rain. Ferdinand thus acquired one year to the good. Jan Zápolský, meanwhile, was looking for support for their plans. He turned to a number of european monarchs, and also on the pope. The him but instead to help the excommunicated and called upon the Hungarian nobles to support the Habsburgs.

10. April 1529 he left the sultan Istanbul. His army, which numbered at two hundred thousand men marching north. Jan Zápolský in April raided with about two thousand men into Hungary, but Slovakia suffered a defeat. But that doesn't change the fact that at the beginning of the summer, the Turkish army crossed the Hungarian border. In her forehead were ranged a group of irregular light cavalry, the so-called akincijové, who looted, killed and raped, which spread fear among the civilian population and made worse the supply of the military units of the enemy. Zápolský drove again into Hungary and at Mohacs met with the sultan, who confirmed his previous promises. A few days after the Turks besieged the Pest, which 8. September had occupied, when she gave up her crew. Zápolský here, then, sat on the Hungarian throne. The Turkish army at that time started to move to Vienna. 21. September arrived to the city akincijové. The turks, meanwhile, also boarded the smaller support points, often without much struggle, because there have been taken appropriate defensive measures. So fallen Pécs, Stoličný Belgrade, Esztergom, Komárno, Proposal or Mosonmagyaróvár. Bravely held only Bridge over Litavou, Vienna New Town, Klosterneuburg and Perchtoldsdorf. However, the Turkish numbers was enormous. So it is not surprising that 20. September fell Altenburg and shortly after, Bridge over Litavou and Trautmannsdorf. The way to Vienna was free.

DEFENSIVE TRAINING


Ferdinand convened in their respective countries parliament, which allowed him to get the finances and the team. Help sought also in the holy roman empire, but lived disputes between catholics and protestants. At the imperial diet in Špýru did the imperial states to persuade them to provide the finances and units, but it wasn't such a quantity, in what he hoped. Plus they had a limited mandate to defend the empire, so it couldn't deploy in Hungary. One of the first section of the imperial cavalry arrived to Vienna and immediately captured by a group of akincijů. Not you with them have not entered in cruelty. Wanted from them to get the information, and so it is left to torture, including the stretching on the rack. It is then tied up and thrown into the Danube. In Vienna, namely, the growing nervousness as the Turks approached, while help was coming only very slowly. This included the cash of the Czech republic under the command of John IV. of Pernštejn. Frederick II. Palatinate, the commander of the troops of the Empire, arrived 24. September in Line with several thousands of men. Here took place a meeting with Ferdinand and set off swiftly to Vienna, to be there earlier than the Turks. However, 26. September in Greinu learned that the Turks have arrived. First wanted to break into the city, but in the end decided to save forces and conceived in Kremži for backup. Three days before the arrival of the Turks into the city managed to get at least a relative of his, falckraběti Philip with a group of Spanish and German fighters.

It was clear that the Turkish predominance does not stand up to them in the field, therefore, the war council decided that it was necessary to focus on the defense of Vienna. The city thus began to prepare for the anticipated Turkish onslaught. But unfortunately there was not enough funds and time. At least were razed to the ground the houses near the walls and the wall itself in the most critical places hastily reinforced. The city gates were for security walled up. The exception was the Salt gate, which remained passable, so that through it could be kept any swipe. In some places they were built as entirely new defensive elements. From the roofs have been taken down the shingles to reduce the risk of the spread of fires. Have been established for fire patrols. From the streets has been removed the tiles, as it would after her jumping the cannon balls fired by the Turkish cannon. To the city were přisunuty supplies, beef cattle and forage. On the contrary, relegated they were largely old men, women, children, and church officials, thus reduced the demands on the supply. Unfortunately a number of them hit the akincije and fell into captivity, or was killed. Despite hectic efforts were defensive elements of the city, nor far from ideal. A lot should depend on the courage and determination of its defenders.

At the head units in the city stood in a position to formally palatinate-neuburský falckrabě Philip, however, although they actively participated in the defense of Vienna, the main role was played by the old count, Nicholas of Salma. The main three complement William free lord of the Rogendorfu. To hand them was the burgomaster Wolfgang Troy and a number of other officials and commanders, as local, as the Spanish imperial or originating from various parts of the habsburg monarchy. It is worth noting the commitment of Rupert earl of Manderscheidu and Wolf the earl of Oettingenu, who were in the camp of the imperial forces in Kremže. At any cost they wanted to get into the city, and then swam across the Danube and the left to pull up on the walls. The garrison in the city consisted of about 20 thousand infantry soldiers and 2 thousand riders, to which must be added another thousand armed burghers.

Falckrabě Philip had available a hundred cuirassiers, and fourteen hundred men each lancknechtů of the Empire. With them took up positions at the Powder gate, roughly from the Gate at the Red tower to the center of the kurtiny between the Powder tower gate and the Carinthian gate. From this center of the kurtiny through the Carinthian gate to the monastery of the augustinian monastery between was the space in which were placed soldiers from the Front of Austria, Tyrol, Carinthia, and Carniola, under the command of Greece from the Area. The space between the monastery and the Widmertor defended the soldiers from Styria, which was commanded by Abel from Hollenecku. Between Widmertor and Scotch gate were stationed chosen troops under the command of Leonard from Velsu and Maximilian Leysera. The space between the Scotch and the Island through the gate guarded the austrian and Spanish troops led by Reinprechtem of Ebersdorfu. In the space was even Elendská tower, which was equipped with cannons, which znepříjemňovala the life of the Turkish ships. On the walls from the Island gateway through the Salt gate to Gate at the Red tower were units from the Czech republic led by Arnošt of Brandensteinu and William of Wirtenberku. Part of it was also a group of horsemen, commanded by John earl of Hardeggu. The squares were placed the cavalry, which was commanded by the already mentioned William of Rogendorfu. Their task was to promptly intervene on the critically endangered places. On the ramparts and roofs of the adjoining houses, was located roughly sixty to seventy guns of different caliber and age. Although it may look like a small number, not to turn up on such a small arsenal. At the head of the artillerymen stood the master-at-arms Ulrich Leyser.

TURKS ARRIVED BEFORE VIENNA


23. September has arrived to st. Mark, a large group of Turks, who massacred the disabled. Then continued along the main road to Vienna. On their arrival the imperial forces to react to a lunge five hundred cuirassiers, headed by the earl Hardeggem. Riders but they got too far, and among the ruins of burned-out houses got into the trap. So they got to retreat, but that wasn't nearly organized. Most of the escape was a success, but three were killed and six were captured. Captured was also cornet Christopher from Zedlitz. The turks hit the head dead on their spears, together with the heads of the four beheaded invalids. The prisoners then had to carry these seven spear of the sultan, who so should have a chance to enjoy the first success in the fight against the defenders of Vienna. The four prisoners released and sent them back to the city with the message that if they surrender, they will be safe, otherwise the city will be razed to the ground and death will not be spared no one inside. The remaining three prisoners including cornet Zedlitze you Suleiman left.

24. September has arrived to the city the main part of the Turkish army. 25. September, but still managed to into the city to penetrate the Salt gate two rotám the imperial forces from Nuremberg. The following day he left the sultan to the city to send a Czech soldier, who was captured in Altenburgu, with an offer that will send other Czechs. This special messenger was sent back together with two Turkish prisoners with the answer, that in Vienna is already sufficient crew, so the sultan can their Czech prisoners to leave. Suleiman was by seconded of prisoners with gifts of three other deals the city regarding the surrender. Vienna on the return, sending the Turkish prisoners, also with donations, but without any message.

Meanwhile, the space in front of the Vienna filled the Turkish soldiers and their leženími, which was situated at the Schwechat and Trautmannsdorfu. Janissaries occupied the ruins in the suburbs, for which they found hidden away and at the same time of them could lead the fire of muskets and guns of smaller calibre. The sultan had spread out his tent in the field Simmeringu. Not far from him was the tent of the grand vizier. The other commanders then took their troops status from the Semmering through Penzing after Nußdorf, which surrounded the city in the approaches by land. The approaches by the river damming, the Turkish fleet, which consisted of four hundred ships. The number of the besiegers was given roughly around three hundred thousand, but most of them belonged to the trénu. The actual fighters, it was probably something over a hundred thousand.

The turks were digging trenches and fired at the walls. Put on could three hundreds of works, but a more significant battle was worth only about a hundred. The heaviest guns, which would use in the conduct of fire against the walls, had to stay in Hungary, because of the strong rain rozmáčely the way, that so were not able to bear such heavy pieces of equipment. The brunt of the gunfire was directed into the area of the Carinthian gate.

CITY SIEGE


Complete the encirclement of the city and the first attacks
The encirclement of the city on the water and on land was completed 27. September. Shortly thereafter, implement the swipe of three companies of German and Spanish cavalry. They managed to kill the two hundred Turkish soldiers. Another swipe could disrupt the delivery of supplies and weapons across the Danube from Kahlenberg 29. September, on the day of st. Michael, recently, the sultan announced a breakfast in Vienna. Due to the fact that the Vienna refused to surrender, the breakfast was replaced by way of the grand vizier between Turkish leženími. The viennese, however, forgive a slight provocation, when the sultan sent the prisoner with a message that was waiting for him with treats, but the meat already went cold. In addition, they will have to settle with a rather weak entertainment, you get the cannon on the battlements. Its commitment to human rights defenders in addition, around noon demonstrated also another lunge, which led Eck of Reischachu. This rounded out the Spaniards under the command of Louis of Avallu. They managed to reach the group ovíněných of the Turks, who for his carelessness paid the ultimate price. The defenders tried to send across the Danube scout, but he already came back.

Vídeňanům recorded to the cards weather. They trigger a long-lasting rain, and the night was freezing, which was at that time unusual. When the rain stopped, ran to another whirlwind. The morale of the Turkish warriors, accustomed to warmer climates and staying in the light-tents that really didn't improve. The last September day was generally peaceful, there have been only a skirmish at the drawbridge and into the city has managed to penetrate the boy and the girl, who had escaped from Turkish captivity. The defenders provided information from the Turkish camp.

Measures against the tunnels with explosives
Friday 1. October, the Turkish commanders gathered at the sultan, who thus express their respect. Three hundred lancknechtů, who on that day made a sortie into one of the Turkish encampment, similar to the feelings shared. The result of their action was anyway clear to either party. That day, was captured by a man who approached the walls and claimed that he had christian parents and he wants to come back to their faith. He was however subjected to classical and zostřenému interrogation, i.e. torture. Defenders so we get from him information about the number of ships, number of guns, particularly the heavier pieces, and about the underground tunnels at the Carinthian gate and the convent of poor clares convent, which the Turks were digging to be able to under the walls to place explosives. Defenders of the endangered places have adopted defensive measures - placed water buckets or drums with beads peas to record even the slightest stirrings of the country, to reinforce the walls and dug their own tunnels. Then either the foreign charges of gunpowder destroyed or occupied. 2. October managed to locate and neutralize the charge at the Carinthian gate. The same day they attacked the Turks in the direction to the Scotch gate. There was a big skirmish, however, the attackers retreated.

Anticipation of the attack on the city
3. October the Turkish barrage intensified and lasted long into the night. The defenders therefore expected that in the near future there will be a huge attack on the city. Commanders, therefore, left to strengthen the patrols and to keep the crew in higher combat readiness even during the night. Punch but he didn't. Carinthian gate and the bastion, however, suffered considerable damage. The vienna gunners on the contrary, bad potrápili lying rumelského bejlerbeje. 4. October occurred on the Turkish side hopping. Minérské work were strengthened, the trenches have been offered up ladders and fagots of straw and the soldiers were preparing for a general attack. In town sat evening commanders to a meeting at which a decision was made that the following day will be performed a big swipe, with the aim of finding and destroying the tunnels with explosives and also, if possible, expulsion of the janissaries from the rubble near the walls.

Hagenův sortie
5. October at six o'clock in the morning went out of the city eight thousand men. At first it seemed that the event will be a success. The imperial crashed into the front of the Turkish lines and zaskočeným Turks demonstrated how annoying and deadly they are in melee strikes kropáčem or an axe. But gradually they started coming in large reinforcements. The attackers got scared that they will be cut off from the city, wherefore there was panic and stampede back to the city wall, which didn't stop even commands the commander of the attack, Wolf Hagen, nor the cry from the walls. Brave Hagen was with a group of the most loyal warriors surrounded and killed. The turks have suffered significant losses, however, the defenders have lost more than five hundred of the warriors who fell in battle or in captivity, and also about a variety of other, who died while trying to get into the city.

Another waiting to attack
At noon they started camels to haul in the trenches bundles of wood, sticks and straw. The defenders therefore once again expecting a big attack on the city, but even this time he didn't come. Instead, the Turks were the city of the evening intensified the fire, which lasted until late into the night. 7. October the Turks attacked the two bastions and detonated the charge near the Carinthian gate. They managed to destroy the wall opposite the convent of poor clares convent in length more than twenty meters. In the night in the camp of the besiegers were thousands of torches, so the defenders once again expecting an attack, but again did not come. The city, meanwhile, the city has transported a messenger, who brought a reassuring message from king Ferdinand, and the palsgrave Frederick, that help to the city arrive during the week. It improved the morale of the defenders, however, to consolidate it has contributed even the gallows, which was placed on the Lugeckém square. Death found those soldiers who failed to report for duty or is otherwise guilty against the military discipline. 8. October began, the Turks once again heavily shelling the city. Wood val at the Carinthian gate flared, and part of the walls started threatening to collapse. Defenders of these vulnerable sections to urgently bolster beams, and trunks of trees. A similar rescue operation had to be performed even at the Scotch gate.

First attack
9. October, at daybreak, he was alert, as the Turks apparently were going to attack. Despite all the countermeasures that greatly mitigate the effects, at three o'clock in the afternoon the Turks succeeded on both sides of the Carinthian gate to detonate the charges. To the left of the gate in the wall is pierced around the hole, which allowed the simultaneous input of more than twenty men in a row. The turks tried several times to run, but he Salmovi always managed to bounce back. It helped them to heavy artillery, which was successfully attacked by the Turkish cavalry. The turks now expect a sortie from the city and prefer to dig around the important parts of the camp trenches. Their morale and confidence have begun to receive the first bigger cracks. The defenders, meanwhile, hastily repaired the damaged parts of the fortification.

Second attack
10. October was relatively calm. Continued the construction work, managed to find and destroy the two tunnels and in the little sortie were ukořistěno five camels. 11. October was before nine o'clock in the morning detonated a bomb between the Carinthian and Dirt through the gate, which created a large gap in the fortifications. While here poured in crowds of militants, was detonated by another explosive charge near the Powder gate. Part of the Turks then got up on the walls, maybe even to the city. Anyway, even this onslaught was after several hours of hard fighting repulsed. At noon, occurred in the field of relative peace. On the contrary, in the sultan's encampment grew angry.

Third attack
12. October was the onslaught resumed. Basically repeated the scenario from the previous day. Again they were in the same places hit two sticks, was created a gap in the fortifications, and into it poured the attackers. And they were again after lítých fighting the defenders, especially the Spaniards, repulsed. The retreating Turks did not stop even the eloquence of the whips of their officers. In the course of the day then there have been several attempts to attack. However, the charges exploded without much effects and the raids of the invaders were still weaker. The decline of morality was to know on the night of powwow. Plus, with how advanced time, leading to deterioration of the weather and declined the status of the stocks. You were not in anticipation of a quick victory prepared in a volume corresponding to the long-term siege operation. in addition, they were repulsed three major attacks, which was of no small importance from a religious-military point of view.

Fourth one attack
13. October the morning it was decided that the following day will be executed one more big, in the order of a fourth attempted attack on the city. If they failed, had to terminate the siege. The day passed without any major combat operations, more alert, however, were the preparations. Promised were extraordinary rewards and the sultan personally performed the inspection of the units. In the city meanwhile, all non-military persons boost the condition of the fortifications, especially zacelovaly puncture holes. Managed to also discover the charge at the Carinthian gate. Gunpowder, which was at six tonnes, was carefully removed away. 14. October at dawn the Turkish army seřadilo into three large groups, and before nine o'clock in the morning went to attack. Soldiers but shown no such modesty determination, courage and ostentatious contempt for death. Forward progress was often so decisive, as they need to. Encourage is therefore had to the wounds of the whip and strikes with a sword to their superiors officers. Help also had two charges fired by the traditionally along the sides of the Carinthian gate. Detonation of the third charge in the Castle thwarted the defenders who can find it in time and odnosili all the gunpowder. Even so, however, arose in the stronghold ravine, which the Turks sought the support of the artillery get into the city. All of their offensive waves, but were repulsed. When the sultan saw the futility of turkey's efforts, issued the order to end the siege and retreat from Vienna.

the RETREAT of the TURKS FROM VIENNA


Before midnight janissaries left their positions. Before set fire to everything they couldn't or didn't want to take with you. Unfortunately didn't burst into flames just things. The turks have committed a massacre, which contrasted with the generous behaviour, which the sultan usually marked. However, it is very possible that this happened without his order and consent. The retreating soldiers gathered most of their prisoners. Teenage girls and boys were bound and dragged back to slavery. The others were alive cast into the flickering fires, cut or naraženi on the stakes. Celebrations in the city so were muddling large-scale fires and desperate cries from the suburbs. The turks then goodbye burned in the city last volley and dragged. After the way of lighting everything on fire.

15. the October morning was the defenders of Vienna clear that immediate Turkish danger had passed. To celebrate were fired volleys of cannons on the ramparts. After a long time they again rang out the bells. The number of the Lord sounded a solemn hymn Te Deum laudamus and was sloužena Famous mass on the number of the Holy Trinity. In the city was much merriment. The sound is brought up to the sultan, who inquired captured cornet Zedlitze for a reason. He actually replied that he thinks that this is a celebration of the rescue of the city. The sultan, his candour gifts, taking him at the same time with two other riders release the captive. It was an interesting contrast with the night behavior of the Turkish military. The sultan also received a subordinate commander and officials, to celebrate the happy termination of the campaign. They show their respect by kissing the hand, he is rewarded with precious gifts.

The turks are in full retreat in the direction of the on Bridge over Litavou. To retreat was given and the Turkish fleet, which, when it suffered losses caused by the vienna cannons. The last dragged 17. October snow blizzards the grand vizier with the cavalry, covering the retreat and collect loot. Crossing the river the brook litava was not without logistical problems, which, moreover, took advantage of the vienna crew, against the retreating Turks conducted a large 18. October lunge. The group on the strength of eight eskadron cavalry and four hundred men each corps in the forefront with Jan Katzianerem, Paul Bakicsem and Sigismund of Weichselburku push the Turks citelené loss, prepared is a huge part of the loot and freed many prisoners. 19. October followed by another swipe, which caught up the Turks at Laa am Wienerberge. Two hundred Turkish fighters here found their death. However, the 20. October crossed the Turks Hungarian border.

In Vienna, meanwhile, arrested three people who allegedly found Turkish money. Unfortunates were subjected to the law útrpnému. Under torture confess that they had for consideration, set the city on fire. They were then quartered, and their limbs were for the warnings pasted on the walls.

25. October has arrived Suleiman Budapest, where he was received with full honours Zápolským. He again promised fidelity, and on the contrary received valuable gifts in kind. 30. October, the sultan once again embarked on a journey. 20. November arrived over the Petrovaradín Belgrade. The journey took him so long because of the weather and the poor condition of the roads. Suleiman arrived in Istanbul 28. November. To the city entered a triumphant manner and accompanied him part of the army. Other parts of the but were left in the Belgrade, Nishi or Edirne to here complement your conditions.

in CONCLUSION


Consequences
Vienna suffered heavy cuts, but even worse situation prevailed in her neighborhood. Lower Austria had the looting, rape and killings, kidnappings, burning down the settlements, the destruction of fruit trees and bushes vine. A large part of the population was taken or destroyed - some estimates talk of up to a third of the population. Those who managed to escape, returned to the ravaged landscape.

Losses
The Turkish losses were reported in the range of from thirty to eighty thousand. Later estimates range around fifteen thousand. On the contrary, contemporary reports about half of the second thousand of the dead defenders are probably too low, but better moving.

a Dispute about wages
Although the immediate Turkish threat had passed, the peace did not occur. The warriors who had defended Vienna against the Turks now represented the source of the problem. They demanded the payment of extra money on the grounds that repelled five attacks. Their requirements of their superiors were reluctant to hear it. The situation was still dangerous, especially for ordinary citizens, as the soldiers threatened to do that when they don't get paid, ransack the city. The situation ultimately saved the arrival of the palsgrave Frederick that promised to pay off three times the promised amount. With that a large part of the troublemakers settled. But some still insisted. Discipline was necessary to restore the hard way - the leaders of the rebellion were executed. Then get the troops organized and darted away. Part of the towards the Bratislava, part of the towards the Mosonmagyaróvár. The townspeople are finally able to attend to repairs of the city, their houses and their trades.





Sources:
www.history-of-europe.com
http://www.wien-vienna.at/geschichte.php?ID=1681
http://www.wien-vienna.com/vienna1529.php
de.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna
www.habsburger.net
Military History Channel: Surviving the Battle - Episode 01: 1529 - The Siege of Vienna
http://apippas.wordpress.com/
www.heroesofserbia.com
Stanley L. Sandler: Ground Warfare. An International Encyclopedia, ABC-Clio 2002.
1529 - první turecké obléhání Vídně - Rytina Bartela Behama zachycující střety mezi Rakušany a Turky před Vídní, 1529

zdroj: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna

Rytina Bartela Behama zachycující střety mezi Rakušany a Turky před Vídní, 1529

zdroj: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna

URL : https://www.valka.cz/1529-prvni-turecke-oblehani-Vidne-t175344#518603 Version : 0
Discussion post Fact post
Attachments

Join us

We believe that there are people with different interests and experiences who could contribute their knowledge and ideas. If you love military history and have experience in historical research, writing articles, editing text, moderating, creating images, graphics or videos, or simply have a desire to contribute to our unique system, you can join us and help us create content that will be interesting and beneficial to other readers.

Find out more