T-64

Т-64
     
Název:
Name:
T-64 T-64
Originální název:
Original Name:
Т-64
Kategorie:
Category:
střední tank medium tank
Výrobce:
Producer:
DD.10.1963-DD.MM.1969 Charkovský závod dopravního strojírenství V. A. Malyševa, Charkov /
Období výroby:
Production Period:
DD.10.1963-DD.MM.1969
Vyrobeno kusů:
Number of Produced:
1192?
Prototyp vyroben:
Prototype Built:
DD.09.1962 Objekt 432 (druhý prototyp 10.10.1962)
Osádka:
Crew:
3
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Bojová hmotnost:
Combat Weight:
36000 kg 79366 lb
Délka s kanónem dopředu:
Length with Gun Forward:
8948 mm 29 ft 4 ¼ in
Délka korby:
Hull Length:
6428 mm 21 ft 1 in
Celková šířka:
Overall Width:
3415 mm 11 ft 2 ½ in
Celková výška:
Overall Height:
2154 mm 7 ft ¾ in
Světlá výška:
Ground Clearance:
456 mm 1 ft 6 in
Šířka pásu:
Track Width:
540 mm 1 ft 9 ¼ in
Měrný tlak:
Ground Pressure:
0,08 MPa 11.59 psi
Pancéřování:
Armour:
80 mm + 105 mm + 20 mm (predok trupu)
80 mm (boky trupu)
50 mm + 330 mm + 200 mm (predok veže)
3,15in + 4,13in + 0,79in (front of hull)
3,15in (side of hull
1,97in + 1ft 0,99in mm + 7,87in (front of turret)
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Typ:
Type:
5TDF 5TDF
Výkon:
Power:
514,85 kW při 2800 ot/min 690.4 bhp at 2800 rpm
Převodové ústrojí:
Transmission:
mechanické, planetové mechanical
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Rychlost na silnici:
Road Speed:
65 km/h 40 mph
Rychlost v terénu:
Cross-country Speed:
? km/h ? mph
Jízdní dosah po silnici:
Cruising Range on Road:
650 km 404 mi
Jízdní dosah v terénu:
Cross-country Cruising Range:
? km ? mi
Překonávání překážek:
Obstacles Crossing:
 
Svah:
Gradient:
30 ° 67 %
Boční náklon:
Side Slope:
30 ° 67 %
Překročivost:
Trench Crossing:
2,85 m 112 in
Výstupnost:
Vertical Obstacle:
? m ?
Brodivost:
Fording Depth:
1 1) m 39 in1)
Výzbroj:
Armament:
 
Hlavní:
Main:
1 x 115 mm kanón D-68 (2A-21), 40 nábojov 1 x 4,5in gun D-68 (2A-21), 40 rounds
Vedlejší:
Secondary:
1 x 7,62 mm guľomet PKT (6P7), spriahnutý, 2000 nábojov 1 x .303 machine gun PKT (6P7), coaxial, 2000 rounds
Uživatelské státy:
User States:
Poznámka:
Note:



1) s prípravou do 5 m (súprava na hlboké brodenie)
1) with preparation to 196,9in (toolkit to deep fording)
Zdroje:
Sources:
M. Sajenko: Istoria sozdania T-64; Mir Modelej No. 1 / 2000
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#403265 Version : 0
T-64 - Brief history of development


Development work on the T-64 tank began in the early 1950s, just after the Soviet Army formulated the tactical and technical requirements for a prospective medium tank. The Kharkiv Design Bureau, which was the only one able to start the task1), was entrusted with the development. The required TTD of the new medium tank far exceeded the basic characteristics (firing capability, protection and mobility) of the mass-produced T-54 tank, which could not be achieved only by further modification of the existing design.


It was decided to increase the firing capabilities by installing a more powerful D-54 tank gun (with the same 100 mm calibre as the T-54), constructed as part of the Raduga project under the direction of F.F. Petrov, and by increasing the amount of ammunition carried to 50 pieces (compared to 34 for the T-54). In addition, the effective firing range during operation and at night was to be increased by the use of two-plane gun stabilisation, rangefinder and night sight.
To increase durability, it was decided to increase the thickness of the armour (using new materials) in conjunction with a large armour inclination angle. The shape of the hull and turret was also intended to minimize the effects of the pressure wave of a possible nuclear explosion.
To increase mobility, a new engine with more power was to be used, and the tank's gearing and chassis were to be adapted to this.


In 1952, when the Kharkiv Design Bureau was working on the project of a new medium tank in full swing, a team from the Uralvagonzavoda Design Bureau also began working on the same task (under the designation Object 140) (despite personnel problems associated with the outflow of experienced personnel to Kharkiv). For the workers from Nizhny Tagil this was a prestigious matter, the successful resolution of which (success in the tender for the new medium tank) could have brought them more funding, an influx of new specialists and new projects. However, despite their best efforts and the use of a number of advanced solutions, the Nizhny Tagil designers were unable to bring the project to a successful conclusion, and eventually the chief designer, L.N Kartsev, asked Soviet government officials to withdraw their office from the project.


The Kharkov designers worked in parallel on two projects for a new medium tank, designated Object 430 and Object 430U (U for Usilennoy - reinforced). Insofar as Object 430 adhered to the Army's requirements for a new medium tank, the Object 430U project exceeded these requirements. For Object 430U it was planned to pile up the firepower and protection level to that of heavy tanks while maintaining the dimensions and mobility of medium tanks. For this reason, it was planned to use a 122-130 mm calibre gun and to increase the armour thickness to a level of 160-180 mm (as opposed to 120 mm for the Object 430). The initial design of the Object 430U was presented in 1953, it was armed with a 122 mm D-25TS gun and the frontal armour reached a thickness of 160 mm. However, after N. S. Khrushchev came to power, the project, under the designation Object 430U, was gradually toned down and eventually discontinued in the 1960s (according to Russian authors, the leader's dislike of heavy tanks was a contributing factor).


The initial design of Object 430 was completed in 1954. According to this project, the tank was to have a classical design while using several new, previously unused elements. One of these was the proposed engine - a two-stroke, supercharged 4TPD diesel engine with opposed pistons mounted horizontally (the engine was a development from the originally American Fairbanks Morse engine for locomotives supplied during World War II by Land Lease). The engine used, with a pair of undersized planetary gearboxes on each side of the engine, helped to reduce the required engine-gearbox volume to roughly half that of the T-54 tank. Further contributing to the space saving (and increased engine power) was a change in the cooling method - instead of forced cooling by fans, an ejector system was to be used.
For the hull and turret construction, the project envisaged the use of armour inclined at a high angle, with the 100 mm D-54TS gun as the main armament.


By July 1956, the technical design of Object 430 was also completed, with a number of corrections compared to the initial design. The main changes were the use of a more powerful, 5-cylinder 5TD engine and modification of the tank for deep wading. After confirmation of the technical design, the Kharkiv Engineering Plant, V.A. Malyshev, production and tests of individual structural elements of the new medium tank began, while in parallel with the production, tests were carried out, including tests of the gunnery resistance of individual structural elements of the turret and hull. In 1957, 2 prototypes of the Object 430 were completed and factory tests were carried out on them. At the same time, it was decided to produce 3 more prototypes, which were to be subjected to military tests on the polygon.

As mentioned in the previous text, the tank had a classical design where in the front was the driving compartment (the driver sat in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle), followed by the fighting compartment with turret and finally the engine-gear compartment. The hull of the tank was welded, the frontal armour of 120 mm thickness was inclined at an angle of 60°. The turret of the tank was cast, the necessary structural deflectors (hatches, sighting ports) were welded into it. The thickness of the frontal armour of the turret was 240 mm. The tubular shape of the turret and partly also of the hull increased the tank's resistance to being hit by anti-tank ammunition, but also to the effects of the pressure wave of a nuclear explosion. In tests, the tank withstood anti-tank ammunition of 100 mm calibre at a distance of 1000 m. The internal armoured space of the tank reached 10 m3, the tank crew consisted of 4 persons. The tank was also designed with the possibility of combat use in conditions of chemical and biological weapons use and also in conditions of radioactive contamination - the combat compartment was hermetically sealed and the tank was equipped with a filter-ventilation device.


The main armament of the prototypes consisted of a 100 mm D-54TS tank gun (50 rounds). The tank was further armed with a 14.5 mm KPVT anti-aircraft machine gun (300 rounds) and two 7.62 mm SGMT machine guns (3000 rounds). The gun was stabilised in two planes (METEĽ stabiliser). To improve combat conditions, the gun was equipped with a system for ejecting the shell outside the tank through a hole in the rear of the turret. To aim the target and detect its range, a streoscopic optical sight - TPD-43B rangefinder was installed. The army's requirements for the maximum weight of the tank (36 tons) forced the designers not to use the standard chassis consisting of large-diameter wheels with rubber bands, but to design a fundamentally new chassis consisting of smaller-diameter carrier wheels with internal damping made of aluminium alloys and support pulleys. In addition to saving weight, the use of smaller load-bearing wheels in combination with support pulleys eliminated the disadvantage of a chassis with large wheels without support pulleys, where, at speeds of 55-60 km, the top of the belt began to oscillate and hit the belt cover. Also new was the use of hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers instead of blade or lever piston shock absorbers. The chassis used allowed the machine to run smoother and attain higher speeds.


In 1957-1959, several tests of the prototypes were carried out on the factory polygon, as well as on the military polygon in Kubinka, which proved that the Object 430 exceeded the established and mass-produced T-54 and T-55 tanks in the basic parameters and met the required parameters of the army. But despite this, permission for serial production was not given, as the design of the new tank was so different from the established machines that its introduction into service would have placed too high demands on logistical support and crew training, and the project was discontinued in 1960.


1) During the Great Patriotic War, the office was evacuated to Nizhny Tagil and merged with the design office of the local Uralvagonzavod. It was re-established and relocated back to Kharkov (including the designers) in the early 1950s, but this also saw a rapid decline in the capabilities of the original Nizhny Tagil design bureau, whose key specialists had left. The other 2 tank design bureaus - the Leningrad Kirov Plant and the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant - were handling heavy tank projects at the time.



Source: Tank T-64, Moscow 2001
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#414005 Version : 0
T-64


The technical design of Object 432 was completed in 1961 by developing and modifying Object 430. The first tank prototype was completed in September 1962, and within a short time - as early as 10.10.1962 the second prototype was completed. From 22.10. 1962, tests were carried out on the Kubinka polygon, during which N.S.Khrushchev inspected the machine. Thanks to his support, the development of the prototype continued, as several high-ranking officers and generals of the ground troops had reservations about the project, including the commander of the tank army, Colonel-General P.P.Poluboyarov. The first production tanks left the factory in October 1963, and 54 tanks were produced by September 1964. As of 01.12. 1965, the total number of mass-produced machines reached 218.
The first tanks were assigned to the 41st Guards Tank Division in Chuguevo, near Kharkov, which allowed the designers to solve on-site problems found during the operation of the tanks. The formal decision to include the type in the Soviet Army's armament was made by the USSR Council of Ministers 30.12.1966, including its official designation T-64, and the USSR Ministry of Defense accepted the decision 02.01.1967. Production continued until 1969, when it was replaced by the T-64A type.



In 1977-1980, some of the T-64 tanks underwent overhauls, during which they were upgraded to the level of T-64A tanks. Among other things, the R-123 radio station was replaced by the R-173 radio station, the cooling system was improved, a new engine compartment cover and "Brod" system were installed, as well as improved radiation detection and firefighting systems with the ZEC-11-2 control system. In addition, the stowage of spare parts and the deep wading system was changed according to T-64A. The upgraded tanks received the designation T-64R and were still serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century.


Part of the T-64 tanks were scrapped in 1995 at the 115th Repair Plant in Kharkiv under the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty. Only a few tanks remained, which served as targets at various firing ranges and training areas in Ukraine.



Source: M. Sajenko: Istoria sozdania T-64; Mir Modelej No. 1 / 2000
T-64 - (ChKBM)

(ChKBM)
T-64 - (ChKBM)

(ChKBM)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#403269 Version : 0

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T-64 ("277") v Muzeu bojové slávy Uralu, Věrchjaja Pyšma.

Zdroj: archiv autora

T-64 -


T-64 -


URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#376518 Version : 0
Objekt 432, Kubinka
T-64 - Informační tabulka u tanku

Informační tabulka u tanku
T-64 - Pohled z prava

Pohled z prava
T-64 - Detail podvozkové skupiny (pravá strana)

Detail podvozkové skupiny (pravá strana)
T-64 - Zadní část podvozkové skupiny

Zadní část podvozkové skupiny
T-64 - Pravá strana

Pravá strana
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#538581 Version : 0
Objekt 432, Kubinka
T-64 - Přední pravý pohled

Přední pravý pohled
T-64 - Částečný pohled z prava shora

Částečný pohled z prava shora
T-64 - Předek tanku

Předek tanku
T-64 - Čelní pohled

Čelní pohled
T-64 - Levá strana

Levá strana
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#538582 Version : 0
Details
T-64 - Podvozková skupina z levé strany

Podvozková skupina z levé strany
T-64 - Detail věže z levé strany

Detail věže z levé strany
URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#538583 Version : 0

This post has not been translated to English yet. Please use the TRANSLATE button above to see machine translation of this post.

URL : https://www.valka.cz/T-64-t120428#742591 Version : 0
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