ISR - EL/M-2084 (3D radiolokátor)

EL/M-2084

A 3D multi-purpose mobile radar developed and manufactured by ELTA Systems (part of the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) consortium), an Israeli company.

The radar is primarily designed to monitor the air situation in the range of 360°in azimuth and 0-80°in elevation. It uses electronic beam deflection technology in elevation and azimuth simultaneously. This technology allows it to cover a 120° sector in azimuth without the need to rotate the antenna. In addition, the radar can detect flying artillery and mortar projectiles and rockets and, based on their trajectory, calculate not only the firing positions from which they were launched but also the target area. It can also be used as an air traffic control radar or a gunnery radar for guiding anti-aircraft (anti-missile) missiles.


The EL/M-2084 radar is part of the Iron Dome, SPYDER and David Sling anti-aircraft (anti-missile) systems. It has been in series production since 2009, and is deployed in the Israeli and Canadian armed forces. By 2016, a total of 44 units of the radar had been produced and delivered to users.

Basic technical data:
Range: 256 km operational, 350 km maximum. Up to 100 km on low-flying and ground targets and targets with a small reflecting surface.
Number of simultaneously tracked targets: 1100 airborne, up to 200 ground targets.
Azimuthal range: 360°when antenna is rotating), 120° (when antenna is static)
Elevation angle: up to 80° (electronic beam deflection)
Resolution: 125 m)
Operating frequency: 2-4 GHz - S-band (IEEE), E/F (NATO), UHF/SHF (ITU) (wavelength 15-7.5 cm)

www.iai.co.il
www.deagel.com
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EL/M-2084

EL/M-2084M-MMR radar mounted on truck chassis ATC 6x6.

Photo: ELTA Systems

Developed radar EL/M-2084S-MMR.

Photo: ELTA Systems

The Royal Singapore Air Force is believed to have acquired two examples of the EL/M-2084 MMR radar between 2015 and 2016, which, along with other radars, are used to provide air situational awareness in and around Singapore's airspace.

Photoraphy:
https://www.mindef.gov.sg/

Canada became the first user of EL/M-2084 MMR radars among NATO countries. The contract for the delivery of ten radars (including logistical support) for 186.7 million Canadian dollars was concluded in June 2015. Rheinmetall Canada was the prime contractor. The Israeli system was designed for the Canadian ground forces as an artillery radar that allows them to detect and locate sources of indirect enemy fire such as howitzers, mortars or rocket launchers. The purpose of the new radar was also to provide airspace reconnaissance over the battlefield. The EL/M-2084 MMR for the Canadian Army is designed as a trailer towed behind an off-road truck from the MSVS (Medium Support Vehicle System) family: Renault Kerax or Navistar 7400.

The radars were introduced into the armament of the 4th Artillery Regiment (General Support) garrisoned at Gagetown. Here they were incorporated into the mixed battery that operates the CU172 Blackjack unmanned systems and the Air Space Coordination Centre (ASCC) in addition to the EL/M-2084 MMR. The system was purchased primarily as a combat support capability for a brigade task force, so its direct integration into NATO command and control systems was never a priority. As of February 2019, the Canadian Army had the first three examples of the EL/M-2084 MMR and an initial cadre of trained operators and technical personnel.

Source:
canadianarmytoday.com

Canadian MRR (Medium Range Radar, alias EL/M-2084). In this case, a Mack 8x8 flatbed truck (renamed Renault Kerax 8x8) is used for transport.

Source: canadianarmytoday.com

MADR - EL/M-2084 MMR for the Army of the Czech Republic


The reason for the acquisition of the MADR (Mobile Air Defense Radar) category was the replacement of the existing critically obsolete to museum radar technology of Soviet origin (especially the radar rangefinder P-37 and the radar altimeter PRV-17), technically and purposefully unsuitable for the performance of operational tasks. Another intention was to achieve technical parameters comparable to the current standards of modern radar technology and to meet the technical recommendations of ICAO, EUROCONTROL and EUROCAE.


Historic radar systems were kept in operation only with the utmost effort, far beyond their originally specified technical life. This was due to a lack of funding or the reluctance of past governments to invest in key military capabilities. In 2006, marketing information was processed, which provided the Ministry of Defense with a basic overview of the types of MADR radars on the market. The following year, a marketing study was prepared, which assessed the suitability of specific types of MADR radars for use in the Czech Army. According to the study, the price of one radar ranged from 190 to 800 million CZK. In 2008, the marketing study was extended by a supplement. The expected delivery of the first radars was feasible 18 to 24 months after the signing of the contract.


However, since 2008, the MADR project has been systematically postponed due to financial demands and reassessment of the priorities of the Ministry of Defense. Further continuation of the program did not occur until 2013 with the preparation of a marketing analysis, which responded to the change in requirements for MADR by the Czech Army. In 2013, the developed Czech-Slovak radar RL-3DM ReUNION or the Polish radar TRS-15 was considered as a possible replacement for Soviet systems. It seemed that the preferred solution was to purchase a Polish system, although the new ReUNION was to be significantly more powerful and have more modern semiconductor technology. At the end of November 2013, Deputy Minister of Defense Daniel Koštoval stated that "the association of Czech companies offers the required 3D MADR radar, but it does not really exist as a prototype. The army needs five radars within two to three years at the latest. they can be made and tested so quickly. " This caused a considerable wave of resentment among the companies RETIA, ELDIS and T-CZ. However, the development of the Czech-Slovak radar RL-3DM ReUNION ended in fiasco.


However, not only the Army of the Czech Republic but also other armed forces of neighboring states, including Poland, Slovakia and Hungary, urgently needed new radars. Therefore, three basic ways of acquiring MADR radars were considered:
1) within the international project of the Visegrad Four:
- creation of a family of radars with different characteristics:
- Radar to provide an overview of the air situation (ASR): required by the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, a total of 11 pieces
- air defense radar (ADR): required by Poland (the remaining states were considering purchasing ADR in the next phase of the project), a total of 6
2) in cooperation with Slovakia (and probably with Hungary):
- securing the supply of a total of up to 11 radars by Czech industry
3) by open competition:
- using the cooperation of the Czech industry and the supplier of the MADR radar, to ensure the production of 5 copies for the Czech Army


The Ministry of Defense[/url] has chosen an international project within the Visegrad Four as a priority way to purchase MADR radars . It was assumed that in the first phase by 2017, it would be necessary for the Army of the Czech Republic to acquire a total of five 3D MADR radars, which would replace obsolete radars of Soviet design. The acquisition price was expected to range from approximately CZK 1.5 to 1.7 billion. In May 2014, the final version of the specification for the new MADR radar was completed.


During a series of negotiations held since June 2014, the Visegrad Four countries managed to reach agreement on a uniform system specification.In practice, this meant that individual parties could acquire radar systems according to the same specification, albeit in different numbers and terms according to their capabilities and needs. According to the assumptions from September 2014, the contract was to be signed in autumn 2015. Deliveries of the first MADR radar could be expected at the turn of 2017 and 2018. At the same time, however, a number of problems were identified that still complicated the joint acquisition in armaments. Therefore, the joint purchasing project also ended in collapse.


Due to the strategic nature of the contract, [url=/topic/view/145869] The Ministry of Defense finally decided to acquire MADR mobile 3D radars from abroad in government-government mode. In July 2015, Requests for Information were sent to France, Israel, Sweden, the USA and the United Kingdom. Based on the responses received, the government was informed on 29 February 2016 about the outcome and the way forward. In May 2016, the governments of France, Israel, Sweden and the United Kingdom were approached with a request for a specific offer (Request for Proposal). In August of that year, the Ministry of Defense received offers from the governments of France, Israel and Sweden. The United Kingdom withdrew from the contract because it did not have a product with the required parameters. Individual states participated in the tender with the following types of radars:
- Thales-Raytheon Systems (France): GM 200 or GM 400
- IAI/ELTA Systems (Israel): EL/M-2084 MMR
- Saab AB (Sweden): Giraffe 4A
- BAE Systems (Great Britain): Commander SL


From the end of August 2016, an evaluation commission composed of 32 experts across the Ministry of Defense, including the University of Defense, began its activities. The experts examined 105 basic criteria and more than 406 technical and economic parameters. In addition to technical parameters and prices the Ministry of Defense requested:
1) conclusion of a contract in accordance with EU legislation in the so-called government-government regime,
2) experience with operational deployment,
3) cooperation with Czech companies in order to ensure security of supply.


The general requirements for the acquired radars were as follows:
- own/foreign identification via IFF mode 5,
- integration into the operated command and control systems of the Czech Army and NATO,
- system mobility,
- 3D radar technology,
- dual functions (modes also suitable for ground air defense needs),
- mode of operation of detection of small and low-flying targets,
- service life of at least 20 years.


The basic technical and tactical requirements for the new technology were defined by the following parameters:
1) General:
- frequency band 2.9 - 3.4 GHz,
- maximum range of at least 250 km (detection mode),
- a height ceiling of at least 30 km,
- 360 ° azimuth,
- minimum elevation -2 °,
- maximum elevation of at least 30 °/at least 70 °,
- installation on the Czech chassis Tatra 815-7;
- connectivity with the command and control systems of the Czech Army and NATO,
- transportability by rail and air.


2) Processing capacity:
- unwinding time (information delivery)/winding up to 60 minutes,
- commissioning time (developed but switched off) up to 5 minutes.


3) Climatic conditions of operation:
- outdoor temperature from -32 ° to + 50 ° C,
- working wind speed up to 30 m/s,
- maximum wind speed up to 50 m/s,
- humidity 90% at +30 ° C.


The Commission recommended selecting Israel's bid for the EL/M-2084 MMR radar from the Iron Dome system, manufactured by the state-owned company ELTA Systems, which offered 8 radars for 2.9 billion CZK without VAT. The contract also included the provision of logistical support for a twenty-year life cycle (the price for providing service and support for 20 years should be another CZK 2.1 billion).


But the whole project was further delayed. Although the Minister of Defense Martin Stropnický announced on December 14, 2016 that the Israeli system had won the tender, no contract was signed. However, the new Minister of Defense, Karel Šlechotová, postponed the closing of the tender. She was annoyed that the Czech Cyber Office had not given a clear position on the involvement of radars in the NATO system.She also recently noted that the National Security Office is reviewing the security clearance of RETIA, which was to subcontract to ELTA Systems. The company objected to the minister's statement, according to her, information about the "open" inspection had been known for two years.


Another Minister of Defense Lubomír Metnar finally canceled the tender with the words: "The many months of the contract have been accompanied by repeated speculations and doubts. That's why I decided to cancel the current tender, but our army urgently needs new mobile radars, without them we will not be able to effectively provide an overview of the situation in the airspace over the Czech Republic.


On Thursday, December 5, 2019, an intergovernmental Czech-Israeli agreement on the acquisition of eight pieces of EL/M-2084 MMR was finally concluded in Prague. It was signed by the Deputy Minister of Defense for the Management of the Armaments and Acquisitions Section, Filip Říha, and the retired Brigadier General Yair Kulas, Director of the Israeli Ministry of Defense Agency, Directorate of International Defense Cooperation (SIBAT). The value of the contract was CZK 3.5 billion with VAT. The first radar was to be delivered within 22 months of signing the contract, including the performance of military tests, followed by the delivery of one piece every three months.


The purchase of radars also includes the involvement of Czech industry in the performance of the public contract to a minimum of 30%. The official conclusion of the intergovernmental agreement was followed by verification and exchange of agreements between the radar manufacturer, ELTA Systems, and RETIA and VTÚ, which will be the main partners on the Czech side.


State enterprise VTÚ will ensure the connection of new radars to the air force command and control system - will supply security gates, create security documentation, security design and integration work at radar stations so that was adequately prepared for the advent of new technology.


RETIA will manufacture antenna modules for EL/M-2084 MMR radars based on advanced gallium nitride (GaN) technology. ELTA Systems transferred the necessary know-how to RETIA and installed a production line. It will be used not only for the production of radars, but also to keep them in working order for the planned service life, during which the worn antenna modules will be replaced. RETIA together with VTÚ will participate in the integration of Israeli radars into the air defense system of the Czech Republic and NATO. The Pardubice company will cooperate with other subcontractors within the Czech defense industry, including the Kopřivnice car manufacturer TATRA TRUCKS, which will supply vehicles Tatra 815-7 with 8x8 axle character. RETIA will participate in the certification of radars, the creation of technical documentation, together with ELTA Systems will provide training for Czech Army personnel and logistically secure the project in the Czech Republic. The value of the contract between ELTA Systems and RETIA is in the order of hundreds of millions of CZK. The production of radars in the Czech Republic began in 2020. Thanks to the terms of the contract, the Czech Republic has permanently acquired know-how as well as production and service capacity in order to be able to operate and service the EL/M-2084 MMR radars independently.


The EL/M-2084 MMR radars will provide the Czech Army with an overview of the air situation at low altitudes from 100 to 3,000 meters. Coverage of this area is the national responsibility of the Czech Republic. An overview of the situation at altitudes from 3,000 m to 30,000 m is the responsibility of NATO and is provided through the network of FADR (Fixed Air Defense Radar) backbone radars, which are located in our country in Sokolnice and Nepolisích.Radars of the RAT-31DL type are operated at both stations. Five EL/M-2084 MMR radars will be located at stationary radar stations, the remaining three will be available for the protection of strategic targets (eg nuclear power plants), large cities, as well as for training and as a backup. Most EL/M-2084 MMR radars will be obtained by 262. radio battalion from assembly 26. regiment of command, control and reconnaissance for radar coverage of the territory of the Czech Republic. Two copies will receive 25. anti-aircraft missile regiment, which will use them as predetermined radars for command sites SAMOC (Surface-to-Air Missile Operation Center) as a means of early warning.


The new radars will be continuously delivered and put into operation until 2023.

On 28 February 2024, the Ministry of Defence concluded a contract with the Israeli company ELTA Systems for servicing and logistic support of EL/M-2084 MMR radars. The Czech companies Vojenský technický ústav and RETIA will participate as subcontractors. The lifetime support, including the supply of spare parts, will cost approximately CZK 4.3 billion. The contract will be valid until September 2044, i.e. for the entire expected lifetime of the system. The contract was awarded through a negotiated procedure without publication because, for technical reasons, only the manufacturer, which owns all intellectual rights and licences, is able to fulfil it. The contractor will guarantee the smooth operation of the entire system, the availability of spare parts for servicing and repairing the equipment, servicing, preventive maintenance or overhauls, including spare parts and consumables. It will also ensure long-term logistical support for the system and quick repair in the event of technical failure.

Source:
www.mocr.army.cz
www.mocr.army.cz
www.mocr.army.cz
www.mocr.army.cz
www.vyzbrojovani.army.cz
www.e15.cz
www.euro.cz
www.retia.cz

The first complete EL/M-2084 MMR radar for the Air Force of the Czech Army at the RETIA facility in Pardubice, March 2022.

Photo:
RETIA, via http://czechairforce.com

The first Czech EL/M-2084 MMR radar from 3rd Radiotechnical Company under 262nd Radiotechnical Battalion at Stará Ves nad Ondřejnicí. The antenna unit with a cab is on the left side of the picture, on the right side is a radar carrier on a Tatra 815-7 chassis and a Tatra 810-V flatbed truck, in the middle stands a Soviet-made trailer-mounted electric generator.

Source:
Google Earth

Radiolokátor EL/M-2084 MMR provozovaný u 7. radiotechnické roty ze sestavy 262. radiotechnického praporu, radiolokační stanoviště Hrušovany (Lažany), 20. září 2023.

Zdroj:
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