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2A19 / T-12
The 2A19 / T-12 is a 100 mm anti-tank gun with a smooth bore barrel. It was developed in the early 1950s and introduced into service in 1955. From 1970 it began to be replaced by a more modern version called 2A29/ MT-12 . The 2A19's operator is covered by a rearward-sloping armoured shield. The 2A19 gun is a smooth-bore gun firing undivided ammunition. One of the main reasons for this design is the increased muzzle velocity, lower barrel wear, and the ability to fire guided anti-tank missiles. In a 20-shot fire rate, there are 10 anti-tank rounds, 4 fragmentation rounds and 6 cumulative rounds. 2A19 allows firing with a 100-mm anti-tank guided missile 9M117 "Kastet" which is fired from the barrel like a regular missile. The guidance system of the cruise missile is based on laser beam guidance to the target. The range of the PTRS is 100-4 000 metres. The PTRS penetrates 660 mm thick tank armour .The theoretical rate of fire is 14 rounds per minute, more or less practically it is possible to achieve a rate of fire of 10 rounds and the mean rate of fire is about 4 - 6 rounds per minute. The maximum range of indirect fire is 8200 m with a three-round burst (HE). The most effective firing distance for direct fire anti-tank (HEAT) ammunition is 1000m, and 2000m for cumulative round ammunition. The anti-tank round (HEAT) penetrates approximately 400mm of tank armour. The standard 9A19 tractor was the URAL 375D trucks and later the MTLB trucks on which both the operator and ammunition are carried. The 2A19 gun was a standard type of armament of anti-tank units of the Soviet army's motorized artillery and tank regiments.
Versions T-12 Original version with 2A19 gun and URAL 375D tractor. T-12A Improved version, using 3UBK-12 Kastet 9K117/3UBK10M (PTRS) ammunition, and from 1972 changing the tractor to MTLB. MT-12 Rapira Improved crew protection from shrapnel effect by changing the shape of the shield and increased firing proficiency by fitting the new 100 mm 2A29 (T-62) gun introduced into armament from 1970. MT-12P Mounting of a radar for use of the weapon in low visibility
Ammunition. APFSDS (sub-calibre)
BM-2/3BM-2 missiles APFSDS-T Tungsten - Missile weight: 19.5 kg - Projectile weight: 5.65 kg - Initial velocity : 1.575 m/s - Max. 3,000 m - Armour penetration : 230 mm at 500 m, 140 mm at 3,000 m
3BM23/3UBM10 APFSDS - Projectile weight: 19.9 kg - Projectile weight: 4.55 kg - Initial velocity: 1.548 m/s
HEAT (anti-tank)
3BK16M/3UBK8 HEAT - Missile weight: 23.1 kg - Projectile weight: 9.5 kg - Initial velocity: 1,075 m/s
HE-FRAG (fragmentation-rupture) 3OF12/3OF35 - Projectile weight: 28.9 kg - Projectile weight: 16.7 kg - Initial velocity: 700 m/s - Max. Range (indirect fire): 8,200 m
PTRS 3UBK-12 Kastet 9K116/3UBK10M PTRS 9M117 Bastion Guided by laser beam. - Missile weight: 24.5 kg - Projectile weight: 18.4 kg - Average velocity: 300 m/s - Range: 100 to 5,000m
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