Dělostřelectvo

Artillery
Artillerie
the Generals of the artillery
In teams of groups of armies were set up the functions of the Generals of artillery to the specific use (General der Artillerie z.b.In.), four of them received the numbers.


Artillery headquarters
Every infantry division should be the Headquarters of the artillery (Artillerie-Kommandeur, Arko), but at the beginning of the war there existed only eighteen. In addition, six of them were used to create staffs of divisions 2. waves. On the other hand, was set up four new headquarters. Before long, they were moving from the subordination of the divisions subordinate to the corps. At the end of September 1939 there was another change, when they became units of the general staff. At the beginning of October of the same year was established fourteen Headquarters of the artillery, which should be in German rather distinct markings - Artillerie-Führer, but already in the spring of 1940 they were renaming it to Artillerie-Kommandeur. In 1940 was established veliteleství 121-140. To 1. June 1940 there was devětapadesát the headquarters of the artillery, usually one for each ward. In mid-1943, became the headquarters of the artillery on the eastern front, choral units, and part of them has received the number of his superior of the corps plus 400.


Higher artillery headquarters
The headquarters of the artillery at the headquarters of the armies, which was mostly the old headquarters of the artillery from the time of the peace of the troops, was in January 1942, renamed Higher command artillery (Höherer Artillerie-Kommandeur). This higher headquarters received numbers from the 303. Higher headquarters with the numbers 301 and 302 already existed. Towards the end of the war, so had every army higher command of the artillery, and every corps headquarters of the artillery. The three higher headquarters should be in mid-1944, used to create staffs XI.-XIII. army corps of the SS, however, this plan was not implemented, there was a transfer of subordinate divisional units.


Artillery division and divzní staffs
The first attempt at a more stable concentration of artillery regiments was made 1. October 1943, when army Group Center in the form of 18. artillery division (18. Artillerie-Division). In November 1943 there were in army Group South of the high command of artillery, established artillery divisional staffs for special use (Artillerie-Divisions-Stab z.b.In.) 310-312. On the West was set up the same crew with the number 309.


Artillery brigade
The next attempt at concentration of artillery forces, primarily it was about heavy artillery, was the artillery brigade of the land army (Heresartillerie-Brigade). In total there were established twenty-one.


people's artillery corps
The artillery brigade of the ground troops 401-410 were in November 1944 renamed to the people's artillery corps (Volks-Artillerie-Korps). It was a corps in name only, in fact, they were the stronger regiments of about five to six sections of light and heavy artillery.


Artillery corps of the ground troops
Part of the brigades were renamed the artillery corps of the land army (Heeres-Artillerie-Korps)..
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Artillery regiments and their parent division
As for the artillery regiments, existed at the time of the outbreak of war the following regiments assigned in the table for the individual divisions:

Artillery regiments Division
1-36, 96, 98, 114 infantry division 1-36, 44, 45, 46
37-72, 97, 99, 115 infantry division 1-36, 44, 45, 46
73-75, 103, 116 panzer division 1-3, 4, 5
76, 78, 80, 102 lightweight division 1, 2, 3, 4
79, 111, 112 mountain division 1, 2, 3


Regiments of the first group should have three light divisions, regiments from the second group then the two hard partitions. One heavy section was drawn by and into the field stretched with a regiment of the first group as his čtrvtý section. The second section was motorizován and served as a choral unit, respectively, over time they became units of the general staff.

Other artillery units
Besides these regiments there was still Artillery instruction regiment with three partitions, Even. and II. section of artillery regiment (motorized) 74, Even. section artillery regiment 84, II. section artillery regiment (heavy) 93, the crew and three sections of artillery regiment (heavy) 109, Even. section artillery regiment (heavy) 110, Even. section artillery regiment (mountain) 113 and frontier artillery sections 101, Even./105 and Even./106. On the other hand were missing some sections, which was necessary even domobilizovat. Refill the battery peacekeeping regiments served as the basis for the construction of regiments 4. waves.

Regiments with a different number than was supervisor of the division
Artillery regiments 1., 3. and 4. wool as well as other in the course of the war based infantry divisions to share as a rule the number of the division. Exceptions existed where this number was contained previously set up by the regiment, as it was about the regiments of the 2. waves, where already the numbers were occupied by artillery regiments with heavy sections. The situation is vyřešial by new regiments received a number increased by 100. But it has caused a similar problem in division 7. waves. The following table gives an overview of the divisions, whose number matched with the number of subordinate artillery regiment. Indicated is also the number assigned to other divisional units, which was sometimes identical with the number of artillery regiments, sometimes differed.
-- table --


Artillery regiments of infantry divisions
Regiment of artillery included in the infantry division normally consisted of
- regimental staff with staff battery (from 1942)
- three light sections with a staff battery and three batteries of light field howitzers after four houfnicích (10.5 cm)
- one heavy section with a staff battery and three batteries of heavy field howitzers after four houfnicích (15 cm)
The regiment, therefore in the twelve batteries had 48 pieces of howitzers. All were drawn by horses. We have already indicated that the first group of artillery regiments of infantry divisions was assigned one section of the second group of artillery regiments.

IV. sections of artillery regiments 4. waves (from the doplňovacíh battery active regiments) were first-motorized in -, but in 1940 were exchanged for cold-drawn sections. Regiments of 5. and 6. the waves were initially equipped with the czechoslovak technique. One division of 7. wool received at first only one artillery section, which was in the winter of 1939/1940 extended to the regiment. Also division 10. and 15. the waves were only one partition instead of the regiment.

In the fall of 1940 surrender to the artillery regiments 1., 2., 4., 7. and 8. waves of a third common condition for the construction of new regiments of divisions 11. to 14. waves. These losses were in turn replaced. The new ones were also missing parts supplemented.

Later with very varied armament of the artillery of divisions in the West from the other divisions. Should, as a rule, the French technique and not hard partitions. Their eagles indeed taken over by the coast artillery ground troops. Artillery regiments of 25. the waves were only two light sections after the two batteries of six pieces and one heavy section after three batteries. Division 27. the waves were two light sections after the three batteries of three pieces and one heavy section.

Grenadier division 29. the waves received by the three light sections after the two batteries of four guns (10.5 cm), one battery of anti-tank guns about six 7.5 cm guns and a heavy section on the two batteries after four 15cm guns. In contrast, should have the division, respectively, most of them, according to the scheme of the 1944 artillery regiment of the same breakdown as at the beginning of the war.

A prescription setting out the čelnění division of 1945 provided for all of the division artillery regiment the following structure:
- three light artillery sections of two batteries of light howitzers (four 10,5 light field howitzers) and one battery of light field guns (six 7.5 cm field guns)
- one heavy section with two batteries of heavy field howitzers (after six heavy 15cm field houfnicích).
A total of 54 main.


Artillery regiments of the mountain division
As is evident from the above table, had nothing to do for the mountain divisions the number of the artillery regiment with the number of the division. It was the same in relation to divisional units, as shown in the following table:
-- table --

Artillery regiments of the mountain divisions not completely the same structure. As an example we mention the structure of artillery regiment 4. mountain division:
- two mountain artillery sections of two batteries of four mountain guns
- one light section with three batteries of four light field houfnicích
- one of the heavy artillery section (motorized) with two batteries of four field houfnicích

Even the artillery regiments of the jäger divisions were partially sections of mountain works and they also have a similar breakdown, but have not been named as a mountain artillery sections.


Artillery regiments of the cavalry division
Riding-divisions have been assigned the following artillery regiments and divisional units:
-- table --


Artillery regiments of the panzer divisions
The panzer divisions after the reorganization of the autumn of 1940, the very different numbers of divisions, numbers of artillery regiments and the numbers of the divisional units. Enough depend on whether the division had previously been a tank, light or infantry (motorized).
-- table --

Artillery regiment (motorized) consisted of
- two light sections after the three batteries of four light field houfnicemi (10.5 cm)
- one heavy section with two batteries of four heavy field houfnicemi (15 cm) and one battery with four guns (10 cm).
The regiment had a total of 36 main. Further has one observation batteries.

23. march 1942 were artillery regiments (motorized) renamed to panzer artillery regiments. They already subordinated observational battery (tank), which should yet own numbers, won on the turn of April and may numbers of their superiors tank artillery regiments. To these regiments were in June 1942 included as their IV. partitions with 10. up to 12. batteries the existing anti-aircraft artillery detachments of ground troops. However, these sections in April 1943 once again osamostatnily and regain their original numbers. Prescription the Panzer-Division 43 from 24. September 1943, and the Panzer-Division 44 of the 3. August 1944 brought about the reorganization of the Even. section. He was now armed with self-propelled houfnicemi Wespe and Hummel.

Panzer artillery regiment now členil as follows
- I. section with two tank batteries of howitzers "Wespe" after six pieces of light artillery Wespe and one tank battery of howitzers "Hummel" with six heavy self-propelled field houfnicemi Hummel
- II. section with two batteries of light field howitzers after six light field houfnicích drawn motorizovanými means
- III. (difficult) section on one battery with four 10cm guns drawn motorizovanými means and two batteries of four heavy 15cm field houfnicemi also drawn motorizovanými means

Artillery regiments in the divisions of the panzer grenadiers have the same layout as the panzer artillery regiments in tank divisions. In 1945, he reduced the number of howitzers in the batteries II. section into four pieces..
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Diskuse

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Těžké dělostřelectvo
Těžké dělostřelectvo polního vojska sestávalo ze samostatných jednotek (baterie až pluky), které byly podle potřeby podřizovány dělostřeleckým plukovním štábům ke zvláštnímu použití (Artillerie-Regimentsstab z. b. V.). Tyto jednotky zapadaly do číselné řady dělostřeleckých pluků a oddílů. Těchto baterií bylo více jak pět stovek.


Na počátku války bylo 35 oddílů těžkého dělostřelectva, především šlo o motorizované II. oddíly dělostřeleckých pluků 37-72, nasazeno jako sborové jednotky. Dalších 39 oddílů sloužilo jako jednotky generálního štábu. Od zimy 1939/1940 toto členění odpadlo a všechny tyto oddíly nadále působily v roli jednotek generálního štábu. V květnu 1940 již existovalo celkem 117 oddílů těžkého dělostřelectva. Většina z nich byla vyzbrojena buď 10cm děly, nebo 15cm polními houfnicemi - buď jen jedním typem, nebo kombinací obou.


Nadto existovaly další oddíly a baterie s dělostřeleckými prostředky velkých ráží. Tyto oddíly a baterie měly ve výzbroji děla, houfnice a moždíře velkých ráží od 15 centimetrů až po 80 centimetrů. U těch nejtěžších ráží se z velké části jednalo o námořní děla na speciálním železničním podvozku. Řada oddílů byla zničena u Stalingradu. Obnovena byla jen část z nich, a to v mnohem lehčí podobě. Jednalo se o dělostřelecké oddíly (RSO), jejichž základem byl dělostřelecký tahač Raupenschlepper Ost.



Změna názvu v roce 1944
K 10. červnu 1944 došlo k přejmenování dělostřeleckých jednotek pozemního vojska, jak dělostřeleckých plukovních štábů ke zvláštnímu použití, tak lehkých i těžkých dělostřeleckých oddílů a baterií. Ty byly přejmenovány na dělostřelecké pluky, oddíly či baterie pozemního vojska. V názvu byl v závorce ještě uveden typ výzbroje a stupeň mobility.


Pobřežní dělostřelectvo pozemního vojska
Velkou skupinou převážně těžkého dělostřelectva bylo pobřežní dělostřelectvo pozemního vojska, které vzniklo z pozičních dělostřeleckých oddílů a samostatných baterií Západního valu. Tyto jednotky byly postupně přesouvány na Atlantický val. V březnu 1941 bylo nařízeno zvýšení počtu pobřežních baterií pozemního vojska z 13 na 16. Nové baterie byly nejprve označovány jako poziční baterie (Kü) a poté jako pobřežní baterie pozemního vojska, čímž měly být odlišeny od pobřežního dělostřelectva námořnictva, jejichž úkolem byla obrana vjezdů do přístavů. Základem jejich výzbroje byla kořistní děla. Plukovní a oddílové štáby měly podobu štábů ke zvláštnímu použití. V Dánsku došlo 19. ledna 1943 ke zřízení pluku pobřežního dělostřelectva pozemního vojska 180 s oddíly a bateriemi stejného čísla. V Norsku došlo týden předtím ke zřízení deseti pluků stejného typu s čísly 971-980. V prosinci téhož roku bylo ke stejnému kroku přistoupeno i ve Francii, kde vzniklo devět takových pluků (čísla s mezerami od 1240 po 1291). Jednotky pobřežního dělostřelectva pozemního vojska působily i v Řecku, Itálii, na pobřeží Černého moře a u 18. armády, ale v mnohem menší míře.



Pevnostní jednotky
Po vyklizení Francie byly k 26. srpnu 1944 zřízeny první oddíly pevnostního dělostřelectva pozemního vojska s čísly od 1301 pro nasazení v Métách a na Západním valu. Následovalo zřizování plukovních štábů, oddílových štábů, celých oddílů a samostatných pevnostních baterií také pro východní frontu. U oddílů a baterií s číslem nad 3 000 se, stejně jako u pěchoty a ženistů, jednalo o kádrové jednotky, které měly být doplněny příslušníky volkssturmu. Ty po tomto doplnění obvykle obdržely nové číslo, a to od 1350 výše.



Protitankové oddíly dělostřelectva
V květnu a červnu 1944 došlo ke zřízení protitankových oddílů dělostřelectva. Ty měly tři baterie a nebyly mobilní. Některé z nich byly později přejmenovány na dělostřelecké oddíly pozemního vojska.



Náhradní jednotky
Každý vojenský okruh zřídil na počátku války štáb dělostřeleckého náhradního pluku a pro každý aktivní dělostřelecký pluk ještě jeden lehký či těžký náhradní oddíl. Ten pak měl tolik baterií, kolik měl aktivní pluk oddílů. Pluky 2. až 4. vlny stavěly vlastní náhradní oddíly, které sestávaly ze tří lehkých a jedné těžké náhradní baterie. To se ale ukázalo být nevhodným. Proto byly těžké náhradní baterie těchto vln převedeny pod již existující těžké dělostřelecké náhradní oddíly. Řada oddílů byla navíc zrušena, neboť potřeby dělostřelectva byly v oblasti doplňování ztrát nižší než u pěchoty. Na druhou stranu obdržely některé polní pluky I. a II. náhradní oddíl. Rozdíl mezi vlnami již nebyl nadále činěn. Při všeobecném oddělení náhradních a výcvikových jednotek na podzim 1942 byly i výcvikové oddíly dělostřelectva přesunuty na obsazená území, a to v podobě záložních dělostřeleckých oddílů.
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Zdravím, děkuji za pěkný článek, existuje něco podobného k protiletadlovému dělostřelectvu německa ve druhé světové válce ? D
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