Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci

Badges in memory of the sojourn of Russian Armies in Military camps in Foreigen Lands
Badges of the Russian army based and awarded in the internment camps in emigration:
The Russian army abroad.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin in his memoirs, and memories, which he published in exile in Berlin, already in 1926, he intends to, why was the "White army" crushed just by the bolsheviks and its troops. Even this experienced general can't give this question a definite answer. Discusses why meat former czarist officers stood at the head of the Red army. His conclusions, inter alia, speaks about the terrorism of the communists and the internment of families of officers, which had to fight for their own survival and that of her family. On this terror certainly can't build a democratic society, which (USSR) Union of soviet socialist republics never was. Remember only the fate of the defeated fighters of the army, who with arms in their hands fought against the so-called "internacionalistům and proletářům",which I would call today simply "terrorists", which was the model of the French revolution and the terror of the "revolutionaries" was inspired by the Russian bolsheviks.

Retreat was the only recourse. The northern army crossed the border to Finland and partly to Poland. Siberian army found refuge in China. Dobrovolecká army concentrated in the south of Russia are evacuated from the peninsula of Crimea in January 1920. Created a problem, where and where to put on the 136 000 soldiers, officers? Of this number was 70 000 soldiers who refused to lay down arms and to the emigration depart armed. The army had to be split into smaller parts .
The first army corps, commanded by general Kutepov was placed into an internment and collection equipment, which was for the troops established on the peninsula of Gallipoli.

The cossacks are the fringe of society in the Turkish camps ( Kabadža, Čataldža). Later, however, are the cossacks stationed on the island of Lemnos. The fleet was sent to the internment in the port of Bizerta ( Tunis) and staff officers and the whole staff of general Wrangel was interned directly in Constantinople .

General Kutepov saw your soldiers disappointed, desperate, apathetic. He realized that the only way to give them back their faith in the return and victory is the work, the adjustment of the camp, the construction and completion of the accommodation. With his staff, therefore, pay attention to the daily life of the interned soldiers. Was set daily schedule, and required tough discipline. At this time, they wanted the French to the Russian army to disarm. General Kutepov say to them that they can achieve only by force.

16. July 1921 members of the l. corps installed at the Gallipoli memorial, which was dedicated to the memory of the interned soldiers in the years 1920-1921, but at the same time, even as the memory of the suffering of the captured soldiers from the war in the year 1854-1855. Every Russian soldier to this memorial to put a small stone in memory of their comrades in arms.

In these camps live forever I couldn't. Before the troops was the only choice. Return to Russia, where it is waiting for a clear death. Or leave for a job in Brazil, giving them work and asylum offered. And so already 01. February 1921 depart these soldiers of faith and hope, first to work in South America, first to the Balkans to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and other countries, where later, many found their second home.

To commemorate this intervention of the brave people was first founded general Wrangelem and 15. November 1921 the Honorary cross of the Russian army with the name :

CROSS GALLIOPOLI 1920-1921 ( the orders of Wrangel no. 369)

The first types of this cross are minted only from the base metal, it's a simple stamping, which, however, are rare. Later, both in Yugoslavia, but also in Prague are the cross minted carefully, is postříbřeny, black enamel is on the edges framed by a white stripe. The excavation, which are located primarily in France, are already made in silver. This cross was designed with all internovaným, therefore also to women, which, however, the cross he wears a scale-shaped brooches on the needle.

Cossacks from the island of Lemnos. Barren and inhospitable, with no water and a single tree was Lemnos certainly unpleasant prison camp. Yet donští and cuban cossacks managed to organise cultural events and performances, set up their own library and the congregational singing was commonplace. Their cross bears the name of:

CROSS LEMNOS 1920-1921

Cross with the inscription BIZERTA was designed for the sailors who were with their families interned, and their ship two months were in quarantine. Sailors or their families were not allowed to go ashore. In 1924, France recognized the Union of soviet socialist republics for the rule of law and the successor of tsarist Russia. But it also ends the glory of the "st andrew's" flag, which for more than 200 years it flew to the warships of RUSSIA. The rest of the maritime fleet sailed to France and the port in Africa.

For the soldiers, who were not in any internment camp, but, for example, lived in Constantinople, was set up a cross without name, only with the era of 1920-1921

All of these crosses are uniform in shape, produce and perform. Just at the center appears the inscription, which specifies the internment camp. In total, we distinguish the following crosses:

Cross with the inscription GALLIPOLI
Cross with the inscription of LEMNOS, KABADŽA, GALLIPOLLI, ČATALDŽA
Cross with the inscription BIZERTA
Cross without inscription with the date of 1920 - 1921
Cross with the inscription LUKULL
The cross without the banner and without the date

For each cross, the later was also the thumbnails, which were intended to be worn on civil clothing. Over the years, the quality of the crosses improved and so we know the cross embossed in silver, gilt, carefully enameled, but from the collectors ' point of view, are the rarest of the first types, minted from just base metal, not beautiful, but it's interesting. Due to the fact that the crosses were produced both in France, but also in Prague, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, discovering variants, where is the year located differently, or even the inscription is executed in a different font.

Not from the things realize that most of these soldiers in the years 1941 and of his sons got involved in the fight against the Red army, but the Serbian partisans. Fought on the side of the German occupiers in the special sections and units of the SS.

Literature:
P - PASKOV : Orders and Badges in the Civil War of 1917-1922. Paris 1961
General KUTEPOV : a Collection of Articles. Paris 1934
Alexander KUZNECOV : ABOUT the White army and their decorations 1917-1922

Note: this Is a rare decoration. The pictures are taken from busy P. Paškova and And. Kuznetsov.
Archives: Alt.
Archive: Faleristics

grammatically corrected 7.8.2009 Hanyz.
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - Originál kříže, jde o jednu z  prvních ražeb.

Originál kříže, jde o jednu z prvních ražeb.
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - COPY !!Ukázka nebezpečné kopie dekorace.

COPY !!Ukázka nebezpečné kopie dekorace.
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - COPY !! Ukázka nebezpečné kopie.

COPY !! Ukázka nebezpečné kopie.
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Kříž Lukull
Cross With the Legend Lukull


Jde o nejvzácnější dekoraci ,která zde byla popsaná. Jméno Lukull nesla bývalá carská jachta, která se stala lodí vrchního velitele ruské armády v zahraničí. Tato jachta, která nebyla ozbrojena odmítla internaci a karanténu v Bizertě a proto byla pirátským způsobem dne 15 října roku 1921 potopena italským parníkem Adria.


Posádku tvořilo šest námořních důstojníků, 33 námořníků a 18 lidí z doprovodu vrchního velitele a jejich rodiny. I když posádka nebyla ozbrojena, vedla s Adrii nerovný, ale čestný boj. V tomto střetnutí zahynulo osm námořníků, další prameny uvádějí jiná čísla, ale pro nás je důležité, že to byl námořní poručík Stepanov, který tento křížek pro přeživši námořníky a další členy posádky zakládá. V současné době známe jen dva originální a udělené kusy, které jsou doloženy dekrety. Mezi nimi je kříž a dekret námořního důstojníka poručíka V.M. Kostěnka.


Ti, kteří přežili se rozešli do Evropy. Mnozí žili v Bulharsku, ale několik námořníků krátký čas přebývalo i v Praze.


Později ve 20-30. letech bylo vyrobeno několik dalších exemplářů jednak pro potřebu sběratelů, ale i na památku a uctění statečné lodi a její hrdinné posádky.


Literatura je uvedena v úvodní části článku.
Obrázek je převzat z publikace A.Kuzněcova.
Archiv: Pavel Patejdl
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V Rusku, je problematice dekorací z období Občanské války 1917-1922 věnována velká pozornost. Společnost přijímá nové informace mnohdy rozpačitě, mnohdy nechápavě. V této době existuje velké množství dekorací, které tvarově, ale i obsahově navazují na tradice dekorací z tohoto období a které postupně budeme popisovat. Pro ilustraci přinášíme obrázek dekorace veteránu války v Afganistánu, která bez jakýchkoliv pochybnosti je inspirována kříži založenými v zahraničí v internačních táborech ( např. v Gallipoli).


Můj ruský kolega mi vysvětlil problematiku následovně. Tito lidé jsou velmi rozpolceni, neb své životy nasazovali za ideu, která se ukázala být imperialistickou. Společnost je mnohdy nepřijímá a i proto si zakládají své veteránské a tedy pamětní dekorace s odkazem na emigraci či vyznamenání „Bílé armády“. Existuje i pamětní kříž Afganistan, který je tvarově velmi podobný kříži Sv. Jiří, ale i další. Jde o zcela soukromé ražby, které nemají nic společného s ražbami oficielně povolenými k nošení. Podobná situace je i u nás, kdy vznikají dekorace, mnohdy živelně a navazují svým tvarem na Válečný kříž 1939.
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - Solidní literatura o dané problematice. Kniha stojí 850 rublů.

Solidní literatura o dané problematice. Kniha stojí 850 rublů.
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Současné Rusko hledá své historické kořeny. Není tedy divné, že problematika křížů ražených jako upomínka na dobu internace a následné emigrace se objevují i na moderních dekoracích, které sice nejsou oficielní, ale připomínají vždy těžké doby vojáků i civilistů bývalého Svazu sovětských republik. Dalším takovým křížem je :


Kříž L I N E C 1945 - 2000


Tento kříž byl ražen jako vzpomínka na jednotky kozáků, kteří bojovali společně s německou armádou . Po ústupu a pádu Berlína se shromáždili i se svými rodinami v rakouském městě LINCI. Smutný okamžik pro tyto vojáky bylo rozhodnutí Anglické vojenské administrativy, vrátit vojáky i s rodinami zpět do SSSR.


V důsledku to však znamenalo jediné, pro dospělé muže a ženy v lepším případě „gulag“, po děti, které byli odebrány z péče rodičů výchova v dětských domovech a v lepším případě u chlapců pozdější služba v armádě.



Poznámka:
Vnuk generála Krasnova, který Rusko opustil jako batole, bojoval jako poručík kozáckého vojska , byl za aktivní účasti Anglických okupačních orgánů vydán do SSSR, i když nebyl st. občanem Sovětského svazu, ale Jugoslávie. Po odpykání desetiletého trestu, byl jako jugoslávský občan předán do Švédska.. Napsal pamětní a vzpomínkovou knihu v překladu : The Hidden Russia.


Literatura :
Karel Richter : Případ generála Vlasova, 1991
Stanislav A. Auský : Vojska generála Vlasova v Čechách
Archiv : Alt
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The Russian emigrant group in Czechoslovakia :

ASSOCIATION GALLIPOLIJCU

To this company belonged to the warriors and other members of the white army of general Wrangel. The remnants of this army were evacuated from Crimea in November 1920. Former allies of Russia is the intern to the year 1923 in Gallipoli and on the island of Lemnos, on the Turkish territory.
The hard times of the civil war, the hardships of internment is so close that it felt like one big family connected by fixed volumes. This feeling was also supported by the social programs that general Wrangel pushed through and implemented. Later members of the army splitting up into different countries and mainly to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. In these countries further heed to its military tradition. In CZECHOSLOVAKIA it was these people paid great attention, was allowed to study at the universities and were given financial help. Gallipolijci were in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia, the best organized group.

Picture of a cossack (Galliopolijce from the collection Also.Smýkala) comes from the twenties, in CZECHOSLOVAKIA


ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS

Most of these people received education in Czechoslovakia and many of them were employed in the state administration. This Association was more oriented religiously and had such influence in society as it was in Galliopolijců

ASSOCIATION OF RUSSIAN PHYSICIANS

This company was directed to vocational application of its members. Most orthodox orientation

THE RUSSIAN RED CROSS

Here were represented all the components of the Russian emigration

COSSACKS SEPARATISTS

Their influence is manifested mainly in the years 1940-45. Representative of the cossack was P.N. Krasnov, who had the function of Chief of the main administration of the cossack troops based in Berlin.

Members of the former Wrangelovi army have integrated into Czech-moravian and Slovak society without problems and stay their new homeland faithful even in the difficult time of the occupation of our homeland.My loyalty, however, some cruelly paid in the year of 1945 when the special unit SMĚRŠ dragged without the slightest sign of protest, mr. Benes or the government, to the concentration camp in the former Soviet union.

Archives: Even.And tore..
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - generál Wrangel

generál Wrangel
Vyznamenání Ruské armády založené ve vojenských táborech po emigraci - ge. Wrangel se loučí s vlasti

ge. Wrangel se loučí s vlasti
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Diskuse

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Moc zajímavé čtení!
Opravdu moc děkuji!
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