Sbor dělostřelců a ženistů [1794-1802]

In the last decade of the 18th century, following the revolutionary events in France and the related ongoing war conflicts in Europe, which spread to the colonies of individual European states on the American continent, the risk of the US being introduced into the war increased. For this reason, a corps of artillery and engineers was established on May 9, 1794 by a decision of the US Congress.
The newly formed corps was organized into 4 divisions (Battalions), each of which had 4 companies.


French advisers specified the Corps' focus on the protection and destruction of fortifications, which was the focus of the training - which preferred engineering skills.


The commander in charge became Stephen Rochefontaine (26.05.1795) with the rank of lieutenant colonel. The corps was commanded by Louis de Tousard and John Jacob Rivardi with the recognized rank of major, who were entrusted with the command of divisions (battalions). Tousard was an artilleryman, Rochefontaine and Rivardi were engineers, experts in fortifications.


The construction of the church faced problems. The original artillery companies remained stationed at the border posts, and despite the government's decision to build new fortifications to protect the ports, the organization of new companies lagged behind. In 1776, there were only 224 artillerymen in the coastal fortifications instead of 750 systemized ones, and their role was replaced by untrained militia members.


In 1798, in connection with the war in France, the US Congress decided to increase the federal army and set aside a million dollars for new fortifications and weapons. Within the Corps there was a reorganization, from the existing sections was created 1. regiment of artillery and engineers and a newly created 2. regiment of artillery and engineers consisting of 3 sections of 4 companies (4th section was created in 1799).


March 16, 1802 Congress decided to reduce the federal army to 3 regiments - one artillery and 2 infantry. In the same year, it was decided on the definitive segregation of artillery and engineers, with the creation of the Corps of Engineering. In the newly created Regiment of artillery was associated 20 companies in 5 divisions (battalions) with a total of 1627 officers and members of the team, but the individual companies were usually deployed in fortifications throughout the United States.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
CMH-60-16-1 The Organizational History of Field Artillery 1775–2003 (McKenney, Janice E.), CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY, WASHINGTON, D.C., 2007