Džugašvili, Jakov Josifovič

Dzhugashvili, Yakov Iosifovich
Яков Иосифович Джугашвили
Dzhugashvili, Yakov Yosifovich
(Яков Иосифович Джугашвили)
23 March 1905 ? 1908 [ village of Bodji (near Kutausi )? ] - 14.04.1943 [Sachsenhausen concentration camp])


Oldest descendant of Soviet leader Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his first wife Ekaterina "Kato" Svanidze. Yakov was brought up in Tbilisi by his aunt A. S. Monasalidze. In 1921, according to the decision of his uncle Alexander Svanidze, he left to finish his studies in Moscow. As he had only mastered Georgian up to that time, he found it very difficult to learn Russian. He reacted with defiance, withdrew and, to the annoyance of his demanding father, did not keep up with the children of the Kremlin elite. He devoted himself to reading and bore no resemblance to the behaviour of other privileged children. He also - unlike his younger siblings - never sought advantages and side-roads to rise above under the cover of his father. He also never adopted the name Stalin, always going by the family name Dzhugashvili.


He completed his tenth year at Arbat, a school for children of Soviet leaders He graduated from the Sokolniki School of Electrical Engineering and married a classmate in 1925. This marriage aroused a huge outburst of anger in his father and a harsh condemnation of his son. Under the influence of his father's immense psychological pressure, Yakov attempted suicide, but luckily survived.


After three months of treatment, on the advice of S. M. Kirov, he left for Leningrad. Here he completed an electrical engineering course and took up a day job at the 11th substation. His wife Zoya studied at the Mining Institute. After completing the course, Yakov became an assistant fitter. At the beginning of 1929 they had a daughter, but she died soon after. This led to the break-up of the marriage and Yakov returned to Moscow.


In 1930 he joined the Moscow Engineering Institute of F. E. Dzerzhinsky at the Faculty of Thermal Physics. After graduating in 1935, he received an engineering degree. In 1936-37 he worked at the thermal power plant of Stalin's plants. At his father's request, in 1937 he enrolled in the evening studies at the RKKA Artillery Academy, which he completed in 1939 with the rank of lieutenant. In that year he remarried and in 1941 he joined the KS.


In the first days of the war he went to the front with his unit. On June 27, the battery of the 14th Howitzer Artillery Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Yakov Dzhugashvili as part of the 14th Panzer Division, engaged in fighting on the axis of advance of the German 4th Panzer Division of Army Group Center. On July 4, the unit was surrounded in the Vitebsk area and fell into captivity on July 16. Yakov came into captivity without documents and in civilian clothes. It is virtually certain that the capture was not voluntary. This is evidenced by the fact that any German attempts to get him to cooperate were futile. German propaganda sought to exploit the capture of Stalin's son. They did not force him to change his mind and cooperate even in later interrogations and indiscriminate pressure. According to the statements of his fellow prisoners, Lieutenant Dzhugashvlil behaved absolutely correctly.


When the Germans could no longer use Yakov and he continually refused to cooperate, his position deteriorated steadily in the following months. He was transferred from the Hotel Adlon in Berlin to the prisoner-of-war camp for officers in Hammelburg in early 1942. Here they imposed a much harsher regime on him, trying to break him with constant interrogations and starvation. In April 1942 he was transferred to the Oflag CHS in Lübeck. Here he was placed in a select company of prisoners, his neighbour being, for example, the prisoner of war Captain René Blum, son of the French Prime Minister Léon Blum. As a Soviet prisoner of war, he was not entitled to Red Cross rations and suffered from hunger, so the Polish officers in the camp agreed and helped him out of their rations. Paradoxically, it was the Polish officers whose colleagues - with his father's knowledge - were murdered by the Soviet NKVD in Katyn who helped him. Eventually, Yakov was taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was placed in a ward where the Nazis kept rabbits they considered descendants of important figures from the anti-fascist coalition or otherwise "useful."


The fate of Jakov did not look very happy. Not only was death threatened by the Germans, nothing pleasant awaited him even if he returned from captivity. While prisoners of war were (at least in some) the care of the International Red Cross, Soviet soldiers were not affected, since the USSR had not signed the 1907 Hague Treaty or the 1929 Geneva Convention, simply because its military doctrine did not contemplate the creation of Soviet prisoners of war. According to it, the RKKA was to fight its victories on enemy territory. The Soviet soldier was to either win or fall. Already at the beginning of the war, Stalin signed secret order 270. According to him, all prisoners of war are traitors to the Fatherland. Families of captured officers and NCOs were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Families of captured common soldiers were given special reduced food rations, which was practically equivalent to a death sentence by starvation. This treatment also befell the family of Yakov Dzhugashvili. Wife Yulia served 2 years and the daughter was put in a camp for re-education of children of "traitors to the nation". Both were released from prison only at the intercession of the Aluliyev family.


According to the testimonies of his fellow prisoners, Yakov became more and more morose, constantly falling into depression, especially when a recording of Stalin's speech was broadcast on the camp radio, where the words about prisoners - traitors to the Fatherland - were also heard. On the evening of April 14, 1943, he came out of the barracks, threw himself into the "death zone" by the barbed wire fence. The patrol, of course, fired without warning. Death came instantly. The camp authorities recorded in his file the statement "Shot while trying to escape". His death by electrocution, with which the wire fence was charged, is probably also a mere invention. Death by shooting has been confirmed by eyewitnesses, including the shooter himself, as evidenced by reports from the camp archives as well as reports of interrogations of fellow prisoners after the liberation of the camp. Jakov's remains, like those of all other prisoners who suffered a similar fate, were cremated in the camp crematorium. It can be assumed with a high degree of certainty that Yakov, aware of the hopelessness and hopelessness of his situation, practically committed suicide by deliberately entering the POW exclusion zone.


On October 28, 1977, by order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Lieutenant Yakov Dzhugashvili was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the First Degree "for courage in fighting the German-Fascist enemy and for heroic conduct in captivity". However, the order was secret, so the public had practically no chance to know about it. The award was also recorded "in perpetuity" on the memorial plaques of the fallen graduates of both the F. E. Dzerzhinsky Moscow Institute of Transport Engineering and the Artillery Academy, on which he was not listed as a prisoner of war, and therefore a traitor.


As Yakov's remains could not be traced, an urn containing his finger and ashes from the site of the former Sachsenhausen crematorium was deposited in the MIDI Memorial Hall and Museum.


And some pictures:
sources listed in the comments to the pictures
Džugašvili, Jakov Josifovič - další snímek z cesty do zajetí

další snímek z cesty do zajetí
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Dzugasvili-Jakov-Josifovic-t41231#159335 Version : 0
To Aubis: I'm not quite sure how to translate the sources that led to the creation of the material presented above, I believe that the name KUTAUSI (the settlement of BODŽI, where Jakov was supposed to have been born, is nearby) should probably be KUTAISI - while I don't rule out the possibility that the settlement of KUTAUSI really existed...
But what really strikes me is the photo of the alleged "Yakov" in SS uniform - if I am not mistaken, it was an attempt to falsify information about his cooperation with the Germans and it is a picture of a double - which of course has been proven... So why is the picture there if it is not mentioned in the text?
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Dzugasvili-Jakov-Josifovic-t41231#159401 Version : 0

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to palič - prameny jsou ruské, takže problém spočívá v přepisu gruzínsko - rusko - českém.
Obrázek údajného Jakova v SS uniformě je zde proto, že toto je demoverze obsáhlejšího textu, který čeká v adminově poště, až vyjde na Válce. Takže trpělivost. Je mu tam věnována patřičná péče.
Dík za pochopení
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Dzugasvili-Jakov-Josifovic-t41231#159676 Version : 0

This post has not been translated to English yet. Please use the TRANSLATE button above to see machine translation of this post.

Beru, jenom musím konstatovat, že na "demoverzi" znám několik super vtipů...
S tím přepisem - žádný problém, gruzínské písmo se zpravidla přepisuje do latinky a problém je v tom, že ty kudrlinky mají různé znaky pro "první" a "druhé" samohlásky ve slově...
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Dzugasvili-Jakov-Josifovic-t41231#159707 Version : 0
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