The Czechoslovak Air Force in the period from 1945 to 1950 was secured in terms of all rear care by a system of air bases and airport administrations. The technical equipment of the Air Force consisted of a wide range not only in terms of the number of types of aircraft themselves, but also different levels of on-board equipment to connect with the airport and between aircraft. Radio navigation equipment was rather an exception at that time. This was probably the main reason why a separate air security service was not built in those years, so its provision was part of securing connections with aircraft. A significant obstacle was also the lack of experience and readiness of the staff.
At MNO Hl. Staff - Air Force Headquarters All issues of liaison service in the Air Force managed its 3rd Liaison Department. It had two groups:
1. General Group - general management matters, liaison regulations, training, defense intelligence reporting, aviation cryptographic service organization, allocation of call and cover signs for the Air Force.
2. Operations Group - Management affairs of all wired and wireless air traffic services and air security services.
According to Ref. 6269 flight. 46 of 23 April 1946 "Organization, numbers and competence of the General Staff - Air Command" (in force since 29 April 1946), the 3rd Department - Liaison had:
1 head of department (Lt. Col.),
2 group leaders (Maj. Years) and
4 liaison officers (2 captains, 1 capt. And 1 lieutenant).
On October 9, 1946, MNO - Hl. staff - air headquarters ref. 9162 - Taj. flight. 1946 in the case of: "Air traffic control - connection organization" principles,
according to which the connection for air traffic control is to be organized. It is a document containing the frequencies and call signs of airport checks, sights, beacons, training frequencies for flight school units and call signs for airplanes.
Decree MNO ref. 19296/1. Odd. flight. 1946 with appendix ref. 81966 - Taj. flight. 1946
Regulations for air traffic control on long routes and for the aiming network have not yet been issued because a ground network has not been built *).
*) Note. author: The telex network is intended.
According to the documents of MNO Hl. no. VL -1946, in mid-October 1946 were established flight controls at airports:
Boží Dar, Kbely, České Budějovice, Havlíčkův Brod, Chrudim, Plzeň, Brno, Olomouc, Prostějov I, Trenčín, Zvolen.
During the reorganization of the Air Force on September 1, 1947 were in subordination I. of the Air Corps and III.
- [url=/topic/view/47941] Spojovací letka 1 VÚ 4683 (SL 1) was in Kbely,
- Spojovací letka 3 VÚ 4698 (SL 3) v Brně.
- In IV. Air Corps operated Connecting Squadron 4, which was established in early 1946 from the Connecting Squadron 4 in Spišská Nová Ves and in In 1948 she was transferred to Zvolen.
The composition and equipment of the connecting squadrons were different:
For example, Liaison Squadron 1 (SL 1) in Kbely had:
6 officers, 10 sergeants, 16 long-serving and 128 teams. The technical equipment consisted of 11 radio cars (sometimes referred to as mobile radios or radio cars), telephone exchange, a number of other means of transport and communications.
April 15, 1949 took place another important step in the organization of air liaison units.
On the basis of the SL 1 and SL 4 liaison squadrons, while retaining their cover numbers, the Air Liaison Regiments were established:
- 15.04.1949 established in Jičín Air Liaison Regiment 1 (LSP 1) VÚ 4683, from 01.10.1949 as VÚ 8875.
- In Zvolen was established Air Liaison Regiment 3 (LSP 3), from 01.10.1949 as VÚ 9150. 30.11.1950 however, LSP 3 was canceled.
- 01.07.1949 Spojovací letka 3 VÚ 4698 was renumbered Spojovací letka 2 and moved to Přerov, where from 01.10.1949 used the new cover number VÚ 5734.
At the beginning of 1950, part of the forces and resources were allocated from the Air Liaison Regiments 1 and 3 (LSP 1 and LSP 3), as well as from the Liaison Squadron 2 VÚ 5734 and these were used to establish a new component of the Air Force:
Air Operations Centers (LOS.
15. 02. 1950 was established in Kbely Air Operations Center 1 VÚ 1115 (LOS 1). On January 1, 1951, LOS 1 was renamed 1. aviation operations center. (The commander was Major Mach Mach).
The composition of the center included components located in Central and Western Bohemia:
1) Operating room with command company (Kbely)
2) The main radar exchange (it has been built on the hill in Prague in Brdy since 1947) (NSL 1/1. NSL operated here)
3) Liaison platoon: radio cooperatives (Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne, Stankov, Klatovy, Strakonice, and Ceske Budejovice)
4) Radar train (Horažďovice - as the 3rd NSL) - moved to Komárno in August 1951)
5) Radar stations:
- 1. radar station (Trpisty u Stříbra)
- 2. radar station (Janovice nad Úhlavou)
- 3. radar station (České Budějovice)
6) Radar guidance station: (Air Force Guidance Station - NSL)
- 1. radar guidance station Přílezy u města Teplá (or airport Toužim)
- 2. radar guidance station Cerhonice u Písku (from 1.7.1951)
- 3. radar guidance station Dobřany
01.05.1950 was established in Hájníky near Zvolen Air Operations Center 3 VÚ 8520 01.01.1951 LOS 3 was renamed to 3. aviation operations center.
(The commander was Capt. Stašík Ladislav.
Composition: LOS platoon, liaison platoon, platoon gonio sights and command company LOS
01.10.1950 was established in Olomouc Air Operations Center 2 VÚ 8675 01.01.1951 LOS 2 was renamed 2. aviation operations center. (The commander was Maj. Years. Danda, František).
Composition: LOS platoon, liaison platoon, platoon gonio sights and command company LOS.
As of December 31, 1952, the Air Operations Centers were abolished.
***
As of January 1, 1953, new command posts were established instead of air force combat management:
Central Command Post (ÚVS) VÚ 2723 was established in Prague
a Air Force Headquarters Junction Node VÚ 5957
1 was established in Olomouc. Auxiliary Command Post VÚ 2525 (z 2. LOS)
[Hl=/topic/view/81049] 2 was created in Hájníky. Auxiliary Command Post[/url] VÚ 3251 (of 3. LOS).
The activities that LOS provided in terms of radionavigation security of flights by lines and landings at airports were taken over by new units:
Aviation security services
(LZS)- companies of aircraft security means (companies LZP/r lzp)
and
- air security service platoon (LZS/rtč lzs radio platoon). Personnel and material equipment were divided into command posts (VS) and units of the Air Security Service (LZS).
Organizational construction of LZS units until 1957
At the end of 1951, the VL prepared a plan for the number of air force units by the end of 1952. Document MNO - VL, Annex to Ref. 0044294/vel. flight. 1952 "Overview of the planned numbers of air forces until the end of 1952" included a list of air units (so-called combat):
In the above overview, it is also planned to establish 6 lighting squads (the platoon planned the number of 10 soldiers, of which 1 officer, 4 non-commissioned officers of the basic service and 5 teams).
On January 30, 1952, Maj. flight. Danda, František Chief of Aviation Security Services.
In the plan for the construction of the Air Force and TMP in 1952, new LZS units also appear:
- 8 LZS 1st class radio crews, each 19 soldiers (7 + 11 + 1)
- 7 LZS II radio crews. class, each 13 soldiers (3 + 9 + 1)
- 6 LZS III radio crews. class, each 6 soldiers (1 + 5)
Thus, a total of 83 officers, 181 non-commissioned officers by profession, 15 sub-officers. basic services.
On June 1, 1952, the NGŠ MNO ref.
On February 4, 1953, MNO ref. 0055964 –VL/OM in the matter of reorganization of air units as of 01.01.1953.
By this regulation, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Air Operations Centers were abolished and new units are organized from their numbers.
On the same date, the headlight platoon and the LUČ headlight platoon were abolished. This regulation launched the process of building new organic units and units designed to secure flights even in difficult weather conditions of the activities of their ground radio, light technical and signaling means. Their name was based on their mission: Air Security Service.
Probably the first organizational regulation for the air security service was Regulation no. 058633 - VL/LZS 1953.
The content was divided into 3 parts - Titles I to III .:
TITLE I. - General provisions, tasks and org. air security services
1. General provisions
2. Tasks of the air security service:
a) Ensure that airplanes arrive on planned routes, in the target area, as well as guide aircraft to the target.
b) Ensure the return of aircraft to the premises of their own airports
c) Ensure restoration of lost orientation
d) Secure the aircraft with clouds ascending and descending
e) To ensure the guidance of aircraft on the planned routes in the event of invisibility of the ground
f) Ensure the landing of airplanes at airports in difficult weather conditions
3. Organization of air security services:
a) Units:
- Aviation Security Service (abbreviation LZS) at airports is organized in company of air security means (abbreviation LZP)
and in radio technical crews of the air security service (abbreviation RTČ LZS) I., II., and III. classes according to airport equipment.
[U] The LZP company is equipped with ground resources, which it is able to ensure the operation of the air division in one airport node and behind ZPP. It is operationally subordinate to the division commander, whose operation it ensures.
Radio technical platoon LZS is in the state of one of the airport battalions, which provides it materially, it is subordinate to the commander of the airport battalion. Operationally, it reports to the commander of the air unit whose operation they provide.
The staff of LZP companies and LZP radio crews participate in combat and political training alternately so as to ensure the permanent readiness of LZS funds. The LZS is managed by the NŠ VL through the LZS chief, who manages the entire LZS of the Air Force from the professional point of view of the LZS units.
(b) LZS resources:
- By type, resources are divided into:
Terrestrial radio equipment:
- radios,
- beacons
- supply radio stations
Light technical means:
- VPD landing lights,
- light beacons
- signal means: signal targets, smoke signal
TITLE II
- Functional duties of persons:
1. Chief of the Air Security Service
2. Chief of Staff of the Air Division or Air Regiment
3. Šturman secured air division or air regiment
4. Flying staff
5. MNO - VL overflight department and regional dispatch service
6.The LZP company commander and the RTČ LZS commander at the airports are obliged to: Ensure constant readiness and work of LZS funds according to the requirements of airport units and regional dispatch service services. ) Check the correct operation - timely start and end according to the requirements, compliance with the established modes of work resources Implement measures for defense and masking of LZS resources, secure resources with spare parts and consumables Responsible for combat and political training of members of the unit 7.
All members of the LZS units are obliged to strictly guard the secrets of the aircraft security equipment and the conditions of their use
TITLE III.
- Requirement and use of resources, capability and defect reports
1. Requirement of air security services: In order to save material, electricity consumption and fuel and to prevent the enemy from using our means for their own navigation, LZS resources are turned on only for the time necessary to ensure planned and actually performed flights. They are followed by det. instructions for individual levels of air traffic control, for stormtroopers, commanders, crews. MNO - VL/dept. LZS published quarterly reports on the status ...
2. Use of air security services: It is imperative that air crews learn to use LZS resources for navigation in all weather conditions. … The following is a description of the duties of aircraft crews, flight controllers, dispatch services. There are "instructions" and how to proceed, for example, in case of loss of radio connection of the aircraft with the airport, or loss of orientation of the aircraft,…
( So much from regulation no. 058633 - No modifications).
As of 1 January 1953, the first independent units of the security service of our air force were established by: Regulation of the Ministry of the Interior Ref. 0055964 - MNO/VL 4 February 1953 r lzp).
They were given their cover numbers by the military unit that accompanied them throughout their existence. LZP unit - dislocation: Cover number:
1. company of air security České Budějovice (at the 1st Air Fighter Division) VÚ 3495
2. rlzp (*) 3. company of air security Dobřany (at 3. lsd) VÚ 3263
3. rlzp (*) 5. company of air security Žatec (at 5. lsd) VÚ 2705
*) These figures were in fact used by both departments ONLY when preparing and issuing the relevant regulation, which is dated 4.2.1953.
Already in January, Kádr's order appointed officials to the "Zatec" LZP company with the number "5." identical to the number of the air division whose air unit provided.
Similarly, the "Dobran" company was given the number "3." - viz. further).
As of the same date, 17 new radio security crews of the air security service I. to III. class. VÚ cover numbers were not assigned to them - they were subordinated to the airport battalions, in whose material care they were.
The company of air security equipment was organized according to TMP No. 7/86. It had the planned number of 9 officers, 14 non-commissioned officers by profession, 5 non-commissioned officers of the basic service, 47 teams and 1 civilian employee.
The composition of the LZP company included: the headquarters with the command post, the headlight platoon (later referred to as technical light), the air security platoon, the HF sight team, the liaison platoon, workshop and warehouse. A supervisory officer with a telephone operator performed the service at the LZP company command post, and through the telephone switch, the company's VS was connected with individual means (stations), with the flying controller, with the VS division and the company headquarters. The task of the VS LZP company was to manage and control the work of funds. It was equipped with a control radio receiver with a frequency range of radio equipment located at the airport.
LZS unit - dislocation: Establishment for: Cancellation to:
10. radiotechnická četa LZS I. třídy Mladá: Establishment: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 15.05.1953 Reo
11. radio technical platoon LZS I. class Hradčany: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 15.05.1954 Reo
12. radio technical platoon LZS I. class Pilsen - Bory: Established: 01.01.01953; Repeal: 01.10.1957 Reo
13. radio technical platoon LZS I. class Kbely: Established to: 01.01.1953; Cancellation to: 01.05.1953 Reo
14. radio technical platoon LZS I. class Přerov: Established to: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.05.1953 Reo
15. radiotechnická četa LZS I. třídy Brno: Establishment: 01.05.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955 Reo
20. LZS II radio platoon class Chrudim: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation:? 1954
21. LZS II radio platoon class Havlíčkův Brod: Established: 01.01.1953; Repeal: 01.11.1954 Reo
22. LZS II radio platoon class Cuisine: Establishment: 01.01.1953;
23. LZS II radio platoon class Hájníky: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955 Reo
24. LZS II radio platoon class Stichovice: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955
30. LZS radio technical platoon III. class Klecany: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955 Reo
31. LZS radio technical platoon III. class Hradec Králové: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955 Reo
32. LZS radio technical platoon III. class Prostějov: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.11.1955 Reo
33. LZS radio technical platoon III. class Piešťany: Established: 01.01.1953; Cancellation: 01.04.1954 Reo
34 LZS radio technical platoon III. class Trenčín: Establishment: 01.01.1953; Repeal: 01.11.1954 Reo
35. LZS radio technical platoon III. class Prešov: Establishment: 1. 1. 1953; Cancellation: 15. 8. 1954 Reo
1st Class Air Security Radio Radio Service:
(headquarters - 3 people, team VF/Z (KV/high frequency sight) - 10 people, team VVF/Z (VHF/very high frequency sight) - 8 people, landing and supply radio service - 3 people, 2 drivers; 26 people, of which 7 officers and 15 NCOs).
Radio technical platoon of the Air Security Service II. class:
(headquarters - 3 people, team VF/Z - 5 people, team VVF/Z - 7 people, lighthouse operator - 1 person; a total of - 16 people, of which 3 officers and 13 NCOs.
Radio technical platoon of the air security service III. class::
(internal organization not specified, a total of 6 people, of which 1 officer and 5 NCOs).
In the years 1953 to 1954, other LZP companies were gradually created.
Some were created by reorganization of the LZS radio crews, others by new construction. Most of them (if established at air division deployments) were given numbers identical to the number of the air division they were to provide.
Therefore, at the beginning of 1953, the LZP companies were renumbered:
- in Dobřany 2. rlzp na 3. company aviation security means (abbreviation 3. rlzp),
- in Žatec 3. rlzp na 5th Company of Air Security.
On April 1, 1954, it was originally renumbered in Mladá 166. company aviation security means on the 2nd rlzp.
In the following overview are LZP companies, established and renumbered in the years 1953 to 1955 LZP unit - dislocation: Cover number: Establishment to: Cancellation to:
1. company LZP České Budějovice (1. lsd/sld); VÚ 3495; establishment: 01.01.1953; cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
166th Company LZP Mladá (166th Lsd) VÚ 1102; establishment: 01.05.1953; renumbering: 01.04.1954 renumbering to:
2.rota LZP Mladá (2. lsd; 47. pzlp); VÚ 1102; establishment: 01.04.1954; cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
3. company LZP Dobřany (3rd LSD/SLD); VÚ 3263; establishment: 1./1953; abolition - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
4. rota LZP Košice (7th slp); establishment: 01.09.1954; abolition - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
5. company LZP Žatec (5th LSD/SLD); 1./1953; abolition - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
7. rota LZP Prešov (LVT); establishment: 15.8.1954; abolition - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
8. rota LZP Bratislava (2nd lsp/slp); VÚ 6194, established: 15.05.1954; abolition - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
9. rota LZP Brno (3. lsp/slp); VÚ 6190, establishment: 01.11.1955; cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
10. company LZP Bechyně (19. slp, 1. SLD) VÚ 9445; establishment: 1.11.1955; abolition - renaming: 30.9.1957 R
11. rota LZP Hájníky (6th slp); cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
12. rota LZP Hradec Králové (2. lšp LU); cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
22. rota LZP Pardubice (22nd LSD/SLD); establishment: 01.04.1954; cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
24. rota LZP Přerov (7. lšp; 46. bold); VÚ 1118; cancellation - reorganization: 30.09.1956 R
46. company LZP Hradčany (46th LBOD/5th SLD); VÚ 9127, established: 15.05.1954; cancellation - renaming: 30.09.1957 R
47. rota LZP Kbely (1. ldp/dvlp); VÚ 1607, establishment: 1.5.1953; cancellation - renaming: 30.9.1957 R Changes also occurred in the radio crews of the air security service: 01.11.1954 was
21. LZS radio platoon II. cl. reorganized to: 36. LZS radio technical platoon III. class.
01.11.1955 was canceled 8 radio platoon II. and III. class.
On the basis of some of them, 1st-class LZS radio platoon was created. LZS unit - dislocation: Establishment to: Cancellation to:
36th LZS Radio Squadron III. Havlíčkův Brod class: establishment: 01.11.1954; cancellation: 1.11.1955 Susp
13th Radio Squadron LZS I. class Piešťany, established: 1.4.1954; abolition: 1.10.1957 Reo
14th LZS 1st Class Radio Squadron Trenčín; establishment: 1.11.1954; abolition: 1.10.1957 Reo
15th LZS 1st Class Radio Squad Kitchen, established: 11/1/1955; abolition: 1.10.1957 Reo
16th Radio Squadron LZS I. class Prostějov, established: 1.11.1955; abolition: 1.10.1957 Reo
17th Radio Squadron LZS I. class Klecany, established: 1.11.1955; abolition: 1.10.1957 Reo
18th Radio Squadron LZS I. class Hradec Králové, established: November 1, 1955; cancellation: 1.11.1956 Reo
Another change was significant: October 1, 1956 - it was reorganized: 24. company of air security (24th rlzp) Přerov and on its basis from it was for 46. bomber air division division - mainly due to the more complex on-board radionavigation system of jet aircraft Il-28/topic/view/122701] SP-50[/url] ( PRMG-2/"Posadčaja Radio Majačnaja Grupa") created: " SP-50 landing gear battalion Přerov “.
Source: VÚA Prague, www.vojenstvi.cz
and "They wouldn't take off without them" - World of Wings 2008