| Název: Name: | Tank typ 74 | Type 74 Tank |
| Originální název: Original Name: | 74式戦車 / ななよんしきせんしゃ | |
| Kategorie: Category: | hlavní bojový tank | main battle tank |
| Výrobce: Producer: | DD.MM.1975-DD.MM.1989 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Sagamihara | |
| Období výroby: Production Period: | DD.MM.1975-DD.MM.1989 | |
| Vyrobeno kusů: Number of Produced: | 873 | |
| Prototyp vyroben: Prototype Built: | DD.09.1969 | |
| Osádka: Crew: | 4 | |
| Technické údaje: Technical Data: | ||
| Bojová hmotnost: Combat Weight: | 38000 kg | 83776 lb |
| Délka s kanónem dopředu: Length with Gun Forward: | 9410 mm | 30 ft 10 ½ in |
| Délka korby: Hull Length: | 6700 mm | 21 ft 11 ¾ in |
| Celková šířka: Overall Width: | 3180 mm | 10 ft 5 ¼ in |
| Celková výška: Overall Height: | 2670 mm | 8 ft 9 ⅛ in |
| Světlá výška: Ground Clearance: | 200 - 600 mm | 7 ⅞ in - 1 ft 11 ⅝ in |
| Šířka pásu: Track Width: | 550 mm | 1 ft 9 ⅝ in |
| Měrný tlak: Ground Pressure: | 0,86 MPa | 124.73 psi |
| Pancéřování: Armour: | korba - čelní pancíř: 130 mm - boční stěny korby: 75 mm - zadní stěna korby: 50 mm - strop korby: ? - dno korby: ? věž - čelo věže: 130 mm - boky věže: 75 mm - zadní stěna věže: 50 mm - strop věže: ? | hull - front hull: 5,1 in - side hull: 3,0 in - rear hull: 2,0 in - hull top: ? - hull bottom: ? turret - front turret: 5,1 in - side turret: 3,0 in - rear turret: 2,0 in - turret top: ? |
| Pohon: Propulsion: | ||
| Typ: Type: | Micubiši Typ 10 ZF22 VT - vzduchem chlazený vznětový motor - počet válců: 10 | Mitsubishi Type 10 ZF22 WT - air-cooled diesel engine - number of cylinders: 10 |
| Výkon: Power: | 535 kW při 2200 ot/min | 717.4 bhp at 2200 rpm |
| Převodové ústrojí: Transmission: | MT75A - mechanická převodovka - počet rychlostí: 6+1 | MT75A - mechanical gearbox - number of gears: 6+1 |
| Výkony: Performance: | ||
| Rychlost na silnici: Road Speed: | 53 km/h | 33 mph |
| Rychlost v terénu: Cross-country Speed: | ? km/h | ? mph |
| Jízdní dosah po silnici: Cruising Range on Road: | 400 km | 249 mi |
| Jízdní dosah v terénu: Cross-country Cruising Range: | 300 km | 186 mi |
| Překonávání překážek: Obstacles Crossing: | ||
| Svah: Gradient: | 27 ° | 60 % |
| Boční náklon: Side Slope: | 18 ° | 40 % |
| Překročivost: Trench Crossing: | 2,70 m | 106 in |
| Výstupnost: Vertical Obstacle: | 1,00 m | 39 in |
| Brodivost: Fording Depth: | 1,001) m | 39 in1) |
| Výzbroj: Armament: | ||
| Hlavní: Main: | kanon L7A3 - ráže: 105 mm - náboje: 55 kusů | L7A3 gun - calibre: 105 mm - ammunition: 55 rounds |
| Vedlejší: Secondary: | spřažený 7,62 mm tankový kulomet typ 74 - ráže: 7,62 mm - náboje: 4.500 kusů protiletadlový kulomet M2HB - ráže: 12,7 mm - náboje: 660 kusů 2x3 zadýmovací granátomety Typ 73 | 7,62 mm Type 74 Tank Machine Gun (coaxial) - calibre: .308 - ammunition: 4,500 rounds M2HB anti-aircraft machine gun - calibre: 12,7 mm - ammunition: 660 rounds 2x3 Type 73 smoke grenades |
| Uživatelské státy: User States: | | |
| Poznámka: Note: | 1) s přípravou 3 m ochrana proti ZHN: ano protipožární zařízení: ano infrapřístoje: ano | 1) with preparation 118,1 in NBC protection: yes fire extinguisher: yes night-vision devices: yes |
| Zdroje: Sources: | Ing. Miloš Soukup Tanky 2. – 3. díl, vydala Vojenská akademie v Brně a Vydavatelství ESo – video ve spolupráci s redakcí Armádního technického magazínu (ATM), první vydání Praha 1995, ISBN 80-85960-02-8. Christopher F. Foss: Jane′s Tanky - Příručka pro rozpoznávání, vydalo nakladatelství Jan Vašut, první české vydání v roce 2000 ISBN 80-7236-079-5 Časopis Tanky - kolekce pancéřových vozidel č.15 vydaný v roce 2007 redakcí PRESS-PYGMALION v Českém Těšíně http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Typ74.htm www.historyofwar.org http://www.palba.cz/viewtopic.php?p=76671 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_74 | |
Tank typ 74
Type 74 Tank
74式戦車 / ななよんしきせんしゃ
Type 74
Development
In Japanese military circles, the Type 61 tank was considered only an interim design. Therefore, the development of a new tank was already started in 1962. By 1964, study work was underway on a new concept for the next tank type. Between 1964 and 1967, tests of new technical solutions were carried out. In mid-1968, the Japanese company Maruko - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Tokyo was commissioned to produce a prototype under the designation STB-1. Two prototypes were produced by September 1969.
The STB-1 prototype was considered very modern in the late 1960s. The body had a hydropneumatic suspension of the running wheels, which allowed the ground clearance of the vehicle to be continuously adjusted depending on the terrain traversed. This suspension system was later used on Abrams or Leopard-2 tanks. The French AMX-30 tank was the model for the turret set. The hull was based on the German Leopard 1 tank.
The main armament of the STB-1 prototype was a British-made 105 mm calibre L7 tank gun with a rifled barrel. The STB-1 prototype used an automatic ammunition feeder, a cannon stabilizer and a special feature was the auxiliary engine.
The STB-2 prototype was practically no different from the STB-1, it had only a dummy gun instead of a cannon and was used to test the power unit.
Although the STB-1 and STB-2 prototypes were very modern for their time, this increased their demands on the operator and, above all, they were very expensive to produce. Due to the fact that the Japanese were not allowed to export weapons and could only produce them for their own use, some measures had to be taken to reduce the cost of producing a new tank.
For these reasons, the automatic ammunition feeder, which greatly increased production costs and was difficult to operate, was removed from the subsequent STB-3 prototype. The STB-3 prototype also underwent a change in turret shape. The turret was lengthened compared to the Type 61 tank, reducing the recess at the rear of the turret. The side walls of the turret were flattened more, increasing their angle of inclination. This provided greater passive protection against cumulative enemy missiles. The commander's add-on turret was completely removed. Only the commander's hatch was retained, which was slightly elevated to install periscopes for circular observation of the battlefield.
Subsequent prototypes STB-4 and STB-5 did not differ from the production machine and were mainly used for testing. The STB-4 was tested in terms of armament and fire control system, and the STB-5 was used to test its handling characteristics in the field.
In mid-1973, a prototype STB-6 was built, which became the final prototype for the mass-produced tank. The tank entered service in September 1975 and was designated Type 74. Series production of Type 74 tanks took place from 1975 to 1989. By January 1980, 225 Type 74 tanks had been produced. The total production of this tank up to the end of its production in 1989 was 873 units. Since the mid-1990s, the Type 74 tank has gradually been replaced by the more modern Type 90. According to some sources, there are about 700 Type 74 tanks still in the Japanese Army's arsenal today.
Hull and turret
The Type 74 tank was of conventional design with a crew of four. The hull of the tank was welded from steel plates. The arrangement of the crew in the vehicle was conventional. The driver's compartment was located in the left front part of the hull. Its hatch was equipped with three periscopes and a hatch with a side hatch to the left. In the central part of the hull ceiling was a turret set made of cast steel. In the right part of the turret was the commander's and gunner's station, and in the left part of the turret was the loader's station. In the right part of the turret ceiling there was a slightly elevated commander's hatch with five periscopes, allowing circular observation of the battlefield. In the left part of the tower ceiling was the loader's hatch. Both hatches were equipped with hatches with rearward tilting. On the rear wall of the turret a welded steel basket for additional equipment and accessories of the tank was attached. The turret set also included a 105 mm cannon, a 7.62 mm machine gun coupled to it, smoke grenade launchers (three on each side of the turret, 2+3) and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun on the turret ceiling. In the rear part of the hull there was an engine compartment. The upper parts of the hull sides were sloping along their entire length. In their rear part, at the level of the fourth and fifth running wheels, there were exhausts on both sides of the tank. The rear wall of the hull was perpendicular.
Armour protection of the tank
Hull
Frontal armour: 130 mm
Hull side walls: 75 mm
Hull rear wall: 50 mm
Hull ceiling: ?
Hull bottom: ?
Tower
Tower front: 130 mm
Tower sides: 75 mm
Tower rear wall: 50 mm
Tower ceiling: ?
Relatively weak armour on the previous Type 61 tank led to the Type 74 tank being strengthened and modified. The tank was made with homogeneous armour. The hull was welded with plates and the turret assembly was cast. The turret was based on the French AMX-30 tank. Compared to the Type 61 tank, it was longer and had more sloping sides, providing greater ballistic protection against cumulative enemy missiles. Some tanks were equipped with a plow in the front of the hull, designed to dig a trench in the unit's strongpoints. The chute also served to increase ballistic protection in the front parts of the tank. The hull and turret provided the crew with protection against infantry weapons rounds and artillery shells.
Chassis, engine and transmission
The chassis of the tank consisted of five running wheels on either side of the hull, without supporting pulleys. The drive wheel was at the rear and the tension wheel at the front. The suspension of the tank was hydropneumatic and was a special feature of this vehicle. It allowed the ground clearance to be adjusted at the front, rear and sides of the tank depending on the terrain. The ground clearance could be adjusted between 200 and 650 mm. In the case of a standing tank, it was possible to reduce the height of the tank to 2 030 mm by means of a hydropneumatic suspension system, thus not only significantly reducing its silhouette but also increasing the angle of elevation of the gun by up to 6 degrees. However, this method of chassis suspension was very expensive and was not used by any other country except Japan. The track was 550 mm wide. The length of the contact area between the track and the ground was 4 000 mm.
The tank was powered by a 10-cylinder, air-cooled, Mitsubishi Type 10 ZF22 WT diesel engine with a power output of 535 kW at 2,200 rpm. Compared to its predecessor Type 61, the Type 74 was equipped with a more fuel-efficient engine, which extended its range from 200 km to 400 km.
Torque transfer from the engine to the chassis was provided by a Type MT75A mechanical transmission, with 6 forward and 1 reverse gear.
Main armament and ammunition
The main armament of the tank consisted of the British 105 mm calibre L7A3 gun, licensed from Japan Steel Works. The Japanese manufacturer modified the brake-return device, and the gun barrel was fitted with a large external protective mask and an ejector without a thermo-insulating jacket. According to some sources, the use of thermal insulation in cannon began in 1988. The cannon was stabilised in two planes. The aiming of the cannon was done electrically, manually in case of emergency. Turning of the turret was also electric or manual. Cannon aim ranged from -6.5 degrees to +9.5 degrees in standard mode. In the case of using the hydropneumatic adjustment of the tank chassis clearance (after lowering the rear part of the chassis), the range of the cannon's aim ranged from - 12.5 degrees to + 15 degrees. The gun was fully rotatable within the turret assembly and its aiming angle was 360 degrees. The rate of fire was between 9 and 10 shots per minute. The fire diameter carried was 55 rounds of 105 mm calibre ammunition (14 rounds stored in the turret). The gun used standard NATO ammunition or licensed M735 APFSDS ammunition.
Additional armament and ammunition
The tank's additional armament consisted of a Type 74 7.62 mm calibre machine gun coupled with a cannon. The M2HB 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on the turret. Three Type 73 smoke grenade launchers were located on either side of the central part of the turret. The combined machine-gun carried a firing diameter of 4 500 rounds of 7,62 mm calibre ammunition and the anti-aircraft machine-gun 660 rounds of 12,7 mm calibre ammunition.
Fire control system and optical instruments
The tank was equipped with a fire control system consisting of a J2 type sight with a built-in laser rangefinder and an electronic ballistic computer. The ballistic computer automatically took data on the distance to the target from the rangefinder, while data on temperature, gun status and ammunition type were entered manually by the gunner or commander. The tank commander had at his disposal five panoramic periscopes, located around the perimeter of the command hatch, allowing 360-degree observation of the battlefield. In addition, the command post was equipped with a J3 type infrared observation device with a laser rangefinder with eight times magnification.
The gunner's station was equipped with a J2 type infrared observation instrument with eight times magnification and a J1 type laser rangefinder coupled to the gun.
The loader had a J2 observation instrument with eight times magnification, rotatable through 360 degrees, at his station.
The tank driver could observe the driving area from three fixed periscopes of the type JM17 model 2 with four times magnification. One was positioned frontally in the direction of travel. The remaining two were positioned slightly oblique to the direction of travel, allowing the driver to better observe the situation on the sides of the tank. The driver could replace the central periscope at his station with an active or passive infrared device for night driving. Greater driver visibility was provided by infrared headlights.
Type 74 tanks produced from the mid-1980s onwards were fitted with a large infrared searchlight on the left side of the gun. Its range was up to 3000 m for white light and 1000 to 1200 m for infrared light.
Crew survival systems
The tank was equipped with a WMD filtering device and a fire suppression device. Without preparation, the tank could wade to a depth of 1.0 m, with the deep wading attachment to a depth of 3.0 m. Some examples were equipped with a dozer plough for terrain preparation.
At the rear of the hull was a box with a telephone, which was used to communicate with the crew inside the tank. This allowed for better interaction with the unit conducting combat operations around the tank.
Derived versions:
Type 73 - armored infantry carrier
Type 74 TS - a version with a heat shield barrel produced from about 1988
Type 75 - self-propelled 105 mm howitzer
Type 78 ARV - recovery tank
Type 87 - self-propelled 35 mm calibre AA gun
Development
In Japanese military circles, the Type 61 tank was considered only an interim design. Therefore, the development of a new tank was already started in 1962. By 1964, study work was underway on a new concept for the next tank type. Between 1964 and 1967, tests of new technical solutions were carried out. In mid-1968, the Japanese company Maruko - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Tokyo was commissioned to produce a prototype under the designation STB-1. Two prototypes were produced by September 1969.
The STB-1 prototype was considered very modern in the late 1960s. The body had a hydropneumatic suspension of the running wheels, which allowed the ground clearance of the vehicle to be continuously adjusted depending on the terrain traversed. This suspension system was later used on Abrams or Leopard-2 tanks. The French AMX-30 tank was the model for the turret set. The hull was based on the German Leopard 1 tank.
The main armament of the STB-1 prototype was a British-made 105 mm calibre L7 tank gun with a rifled barrel. The STB-1 prototype used an automatic ammunition feeder, a cannon stabilizer and a special feature was the auxiliary engine.
The STB-2 prototype was practically no different from the STB-1, it had only a dummy gun instead of a cannon and was used to test the power unit.
Although the STB-1 and STB-2 prototypes were very modern for their time, this increased their demands on the operator and, above all, they were very expensive to produce. Due to the fact that the Japanese were not allowed to export weapons and could only produce them for their own use, some measures had to be taken to reduce the cost of producing a new tank.
For these reasons, the automatic ammunition feeder, which greatly increased production costs and was difficult to operate, was removed from the subsequent STB-3 prototype. The STB-3 prototype also underwent a change in turret shape. The turret was lengthened compared to the Type 61 tank, reducing the recess at the rear of the turret. The side walls of the turret were flattened more, increasing their angle of inclination. This provided greater passive protection against cumulative enemy missiles. The commander's add-on turret was completely removed. Only the commander's hatch was retained, which was slightly elevated to install periscopes for circular observation of the battlefield.
Subsequent prototypes STB-4 and STB-5 did not differ from the production machine and were mainly used for testing. The STB-4 was tested in terms of armament and fire control system, and the STB-5 was used to test its handling characteristics in the field.
In mid-1973, a prototype STB-6 was built, which became the final prototype for the mass-produced tank. The tank entered service in September 1975 and was designated Type 74. Series production of Type 74 tanks took place from 1975 to 1989. By January 1980, 225 Type 74 tanks had been produced. The total production of this tank up to the end of its production in 1989 was 873 units. Since the mid-1990s, the Type 74 tank has gradually been replaced by the more modern Type 90. According to some sources, there are about 700 Type 74 tanks still in the Japanese Army's arsenal today.
Hull and turret
The Type 74 tank was of conventional design with a crew of four. The hull of the tank was welded from steel plates. The arrangement of the crew in the vehicle was conventional. The driver's compartment was located in the left front part of the hull. Its hatch was equipped with three periscopes and a hatch with a side hatch to the left. In the central part of the hull ceiling was a turret set made of cast steel. In the right part of the turret was the commander's and gunner's station, and in the left part of the turret was the loader's station. In the right part of the turret ceiling there was a slightly elevated commander's hatch with five periscopes, allowing circular observation of the battlefield. In the left part of the tower ceiling was the loader's hatch. Both hatches were equipped with hatches with rearward tilting. On the rear wall of the turret a welded steel basket for additional equipment and accessories of the tank was attached. The turret set also included a 105 mm cannon, a 7.62 mm machine gun coupled to it, smoke grenade launchers (three on each side of the turret, 2+3) and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun on the turret ceiling. In the rear part of the hull there was an engine compartment. The upper parts of the hull sides were sloping along their entire length. In their rear part, at the level of the fourth and fifth running wheels, there were exhausts on both sides of the tank. The rear wall of the hull was perpendicular.
Armour protection of the tank
Hull
Frontal armour: 130 mm
Hull side walls: 75 mm
Hull rear wall: 50 mm
Hull ceiling: ?
Hull bottom: ?
Tower
Tower front: 130 mm
Tower sides: 75 mm
Tower rear wall: 50 mm
Tower ceiling: ?
Relatively weak armour on the previous Type 61 tank led to the Type 74 tank being strengthened and modified. The tank was made with homogeneous armour. The hull was welded with plates and the turret assembly was cast. The turret was based on the French AMX-30 tank. Compared to the Type 61 tank, it was longer and had more sloping sides, providing greater ballistic protection against cumulative enemy missiles. Some tanks were equipped with a plow in the front of the hull, designed to dig a trench in the unit's strongpoints. The chute also served to increase ballistic protection in the front parts of the tank. The hull and turret provided the crew with protection against infantry weapons rounds and artillery shells.
Chassis, engine and transmission
The chassis of the tank consisted of five running wheels on either side of the hull, without supporting pulleys. The drive wheel was at the rear and the tension wheel at the front. The suspension of the tank was hydropneumatic and was a special feature of this vehicle. It allowed the ground clearance to be adjusted at the front, rear and sides of the tank depending on the terrain. The ground clearance could be adjusted between 200 and 650 mm. In the case of a standing tank, it was possible to reduce the height of the tank to 2 030 mm by means of a hydropneumatic suspension system, thus not only significantly reducing its silhouette but also increasing the angle of elevation of the gun by up to 6 degrees. However, this method of chassis suspension was very expensive and was not used by any other country except Japan. The track was 550 mm wide. The length of the contact area between the track and the ground was 4 000 mm.
The tank was powered by a 10-cylinder, air-cooled, Mitsubishi Type 10 ZF22 WT diesel engine with a power output of 535 kW at 2,200 rpm. Compared to its predecessor Type 61, the Type 74 was equipped with a more fuel-efficient engine, which extended its range from 200 km to 400 km.
Torque transfer from the engine to the chassis was provided by a Type MT75A mechanical transmission, with 6 forward and 1 reverse gear.
Main armament and ammunition
The main armament of the tank consisted of the British 105 mm calibre L7A3 gun, licensed from Japan Steel Works. The Japanese manufacturer modified the brake-return device, and the gun barrel was fitted with a large external protective mask and an ejector without a thermo-insulating jacket. According to some sources, the use of thermal insulation in cannon began in 1988. The cannon was stabilised in two planes. The aiming of the cannon was done electrically, manually in case of emergency. Turning of the turret was also electric or manual. Cannon aim ranged from -6.5 degrees to +9.5 degrees in standard mode. In the case of using the hydropneumatic adjustment of the tank chassis clearance (after lowering the rear part of the chassis), the range of the cannon's aim ranged from - 12.5 degrees to + 15 degrees. The gun was fully rotatable within the turret assembly and its aiming angle was 360 degrees. The rate of fire was between 9 and 10 shots per minute. The fire diameter carried was 55 rounds of 105 mm calibre ammunition (14 rounds stored in the turret). The gun used standard NATO ammunition or licensed M735 APFSDS ammunition.
Additional armament and ammunition
The tank's additional armament consisted of a Type 74 7.62 mm calibre machine gun coupled with a cannon. The M2HB 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on the turret. Three Type 73 smoke grenade launchers were located on either side of the central part of the turret. The combined machine-gun carried a firing diameter of 4 500 rounds of 7,62 mm calibre ammunition and the anti-aircraft machine-gun 660 rounds of 12,7 mm calibre ammunition.
Fire control system and optical instruments
The tank was equipped with a fire control system consisting of a J2 type sight with a built-in laser rangefinder and an electronic ballistic computer. The ballistic computer automatically took data on the distance to the target from the rangefinder, while data on temperature, gun status and ammunition type were entered manually by the gunner or commander. The tank commander had at his disposal five panoramic periscopes, located around the perimeter of the command hatch, allowing 360-degree observation of the battlefield. In addition, the command post was equipped with a J3 type infrared observation device with a laser rangefinder with eight times magnification.
The gunner's station was equipped with a J2 type infrared observation instrument with eight times magnification and a J1 type laser rangefinder coupled to the gun.
The loader had a J2 observation instrument with eight times magnification, rotatable through 360 degrees, at his station.
The tank driver could observe the driving area from three fixed periscopes of the type JM17 model 2 with four times magnification. One was positioned frontally in the direction of travel. The remaining two were positioned slightly oblique to the direction of travel, allowing the driver to better observe the situation on the sides of the tank. The driver could replace the central periscope at his station with an active or passive infrared device for night driving. Greater driver visibility was provided by infrared headlights.
Type 74 tanks produced from the mid-1980s onwards were fitted with a large infrared searchlight on the left side of the gun. Its range was up to 3000 m for white light and 1000 to 1200 m for infrared light.
Crew survival systems
The tank was equipped with a WMD filtering device and a fire suppression device. Without preparation, the tank could wade to a depth of 1.0 m, with the deep wading attachment to a depth of 3.0 m. Some examples were equipped with a dozer plough for terrain preparation.
At the rear of the hull was a box with a telephone, which was used to communicate with the crew inside the tank. This allowed for better interaction with the unit conducting combat operations around the tank.
Derived versions:
Type 73 - armored infantry carrier
Type 74 TS - a version with a heat shield barrel produced from about 1988
Type 75 - self-propelled 105 mm howitzer
Type 78 ARV - recovery tank
Type 87 - self-propelled 35 mm calibre AA gun
Reklama
Join us
We believe that there are people with different interests and experiences who could contribute their knowledge and ideas. If you love military history and have experience in historical research, writing articles, editing text, moderating, creating images, graphics or videos, or simply have a desire to contribute to our unique system, you can join us and help us create content that will be interesting and beneficial to other readers.
Find out more