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Type 89 - factory designation PTZ-89, 120 mm self-propelled tank destroyer. The device was developed in the early 80's of the 20th century. The device is characterized by high mobility and effective anti-tank action. Since 1989, the PLA has been equipped with more than 80 pieces of these funds. They are included in the units Beijing Military Region and Jinan Military Region .
History of development - with the advent of new technologies in the field of armor in the 70s of the 20th century such as composite armor or reactive armor increased ballistic protection of battle tanks (MBT), which became resistant to most of the then anti-tank weapons. The conventional cumulative charge has become ineffective against the last types of MBT ( Leopard 2, T-72 ) introduced into armament in the late 70's and early 80's. The starting point seemed to be the use of sub-caliber ammunition (APFSDS) from large-caliber smooth-bore weapons (120-125 mm). In the late 1970s, the People's Republic of China began an ambitious second-generation battle tank program called Feng Bao in response to the Soviet T-72. A new German tank Leopard-2 served as a model. The PRC planned to use the German 120 mm L44 cannon and standard NATO ammunition as the main armament of this tank. However, as the negotiations were not successful, China proceeded to develop a 120 mm tank cannon itself. In 1978, China officially announced the development of a 120 mm western-style smooth-walled cannon. She planned to use it in a second-generation tank project and in a future self-propelled tank destroyer project. The fact that two systems use the same weapon and ammunition will simplify the system of logistical support on the battlefield. The basis of the development was the requirement to overcome the armor of the Soviet tank T-72 sub-caliber ammunition at a distance of 2000 m, which was to ensure future penetration front armor of any Western or Soviet tank developed after 1980. The first three prototypes of the 120 mm cannon were completed in 1979. From February 1979 to October 1980, tests were performed in which about 1000 sub-caliber missiles were fired. Development was completed in 1981. On February 27, 1979, a prototype marked 82-2 overcame a 204 mm armor plate at an angle of 68 ° with a projectile speed of 1646 m / s. After demanding tests, the prototype 82-14 was put into series production, which reached the muzzle velocity of the sub-caliber charge of 1700 m / s, 120 mm steel armor at an angle of 68 ° pierced at a speed of 1300 m / s and 204 mm composite armor at an angle of 68 ° pierced at a speed of 1411.2 m / s. However, based on a political decision, the PLA did not focus on the western style of armament (120 mm smooth-walled cannon) but the Soviet-style 125 mm smooth-walled cannon was adopted for two reasons - the existence of a charging machine and the ability to use anti-tank missiles from this cannon. The project of the 120 mm cannon continued as an anti-tank weapon system, which resulted in the production of a self-propelled tank destroyer Type 89 tanks.
The prototype of the Type 89 tank destroyer was completed in 1984 and the first firing tests were performed this year as well. In 1985, during demonstrations at the Nankou test facility (Beijing Province), the device broke through a 450 mm armor plate at a distance of 2000 m with sub-caliber (APFSDS) ammunition. The main tests were completed in 1987-1988 to begin series production at the end of the year. In 1989, the first 20 pieces were delivered to the PLA and the Type 89 was officially accepted into service in 1990. So far, about 100 vehicles have been produced.
Further development and production of the Type 89 in China is questionable. After the end of the Cold War and the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations, the possibility of a large-scale ground invasion is minimal.The conditions of the war conflict of the future require a new generation of weapon systems characterized by their high mobility, low weight and inconspicuousness. The era of the Cold War dinosaurs, which also includes the Type 89, has no place on the modern battlefield.
Use - Type 89 tank destroyer is usually included in the anti-tank section of the Artillery Brigade of the Army Corps and anti-tank units of the tank division. There are usually 18 Type 89 pieces in each anti-tank section. This armament is complemented by portable anti-tank missile sets. Probably only two PLA army corps and their tank divisions use this type of tank destroyer. Other divisions have a 100 mm towed cannon Type 73, or Type 86 .
Description - Type 89 is built on a Type 321 crawler, on which other artillery devices used in PLA are built (eg 152 mm self-propelled howitzer Type 83, samohybný raketomet Type 89 ). The propulsion system is located in the front of the vehicle, the tower and combat equipment are located at the rear. The driver sits in the left front, the shooter, commander and charger are in the combat section. The rear door is designed to quickly replenish ammunition.
Armament - the main armament consists of a 120 mm smooth-walled cannon with a length of 50 calibers with thermal protection and a semi-automatic charging device. The weapon reaches a cadence of 10 rounds per minute, the carried ammunition supply is 30 pieces. The weapon allows the use of sub-caliber (APFSDS), cumulative (HEAT) and fragmentation (HE) ammunition. Sub-caliber ammunition reaches a muzzle velocity of 1660 m / s with a range of up to 2500 m, fragmentation ammunition reaches a muzzle velocity of 960 m / s with a range of 9000 m. Auxiliary equipment consists of a coupled 7.62 mm machine gun with a maximum range of 1800 m and a cadence of 250 rounds per minute and 12, 7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun located on the command turret with a maximum range of up to 2000 m. The fire control system consists of an optical sight, a night vision device and a laser rangefinder. The weapon does not stabilize the cannon while driving, so it is not possible to conduct a targeted shot only from the spot.
Protection - the armor protection of the device is relatively weak (& lt; 50 mm), which is due to the maximum weight that the Type 321 chassis is able to withstand. The tower is protected by imaginary plates against the action of cumulative missiles. Additional protection is provided by 4 smoke grenade launchers on each side of the tower. An additional method of fumigation is the injection of fuel into the hot exhaust gases. The device protects the crew from weapons of mass destruction and is equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system.
Drive - Type 89 is equipped with a water-cooled, supercharged 12-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine 12150L with an output of 520 hp. With a combat weight of 31 tons, it allows a speed of 55 km / h.
Tactical and Technical Data : Operation: 4 Weight: 31 t Engine: diesel 12150 L Power: 382 kW Specific power: 12.73 kW / t Gearbox: mechanical, planetary Fuel tank capacity: 885 l Belts: metal Suspension: torsion bars Radio station: Dimensions: - length: 6882 mm - width: 3236 mm - height: - clear height: 450 mm Range: 450 km Speed: max. 55 km / h Wading depth: 1.3 m Lateral tilt: 40 ° Pitch: 60 ° Equipment: - 120 mm cannon with a smooth barrel, unstabilized - 7.62 mm coupled machine gun - 7.62 mm machine gun at the driver - 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun Elevation: -8 ° ~ 18 ° Fire control system: manually using an optical sight, night vision device and laser rangefinder
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Typ-89-120mm-stihac-tanku-t38467#145763
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URL : https://www.valka.cz/Typ-89-120mm-stihac-tanku-t38467#145764
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120 mm Type 89 tank fighter
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Trench: 2.7 m Wall:0.7m The engine with gearbox is located in the right front part of the hull. The fitted gun is officially marked as L 120mm L/68 (Cn) M 1979.
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URL : https://www.valka.cz/Typ-89-120mm-stihac-tanku-t38467#381568
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