Japan (JPN)

Buddhism was the first consciously adopted religion in Japan. Originally formed in India, it gradually penetrated throughout South and Southeast Asia, and along the Himalayas also north to China, Korea, and Japan. The teachings of Buddhism were divided into two main currents. Mahayana and Hinayana. Hinayana is sometimes called Theravada - the teachings of the elders of the order. It is widespread in Ceylon, Burma, Thailand and Cambodia, while in China, Korea and Japan, Buddhism has developed in the direction of Mahayana.

A samurai moral code containing the basic principles of conduct that every samurai followed. Originally, these were unwritten rules, determined mainly by philosophical direction.
The basic principles are: loyalty to the master, respect for ancestors and parents, honesty, truthfulness, courage and sincerity, virtue and self-improvement.

Outline of the initial situation and operations of the USSR and Imperial Japan against China in Manchuria during the late 1920s and early 1930s.

The Battle of Shanghai 1932.

The present of the elite Japanese military academy of the naval defense forces.

Reasons why the knightly samurai of the early 20th century became a murderous soldier of World War II? When and why did the principles of "Bushida" disappear from the actions of the Japanese army? How did Japanese militarism develop and change in the first half of the 20th century?

List of 125 Japanese emperors

The diploma thesis is devoted to Russian-Japanese relations throughout their duration with emphasis on the period after World War II and the issue of the Kuril Islands. Both countries underwent major changes in the twentieth century. Japan, an aggressive and militaristic state in the 1930s, gained vast territory after World War II. After the defeat in 1945, it was occupied by the occupying troops, which took all power. In the second half of the twentieth century, it benefited from a strategically advantageous position in Asia and from the position of a major US ally in the bipolar world. It developed rapidly economically and in the 1960s became one of the strongest economies in the world. However, to a certain extent, it still bears the stigma of a war-torn state responsible for war, which prevents it from balancing its political influence on the economic level.

Russian-Japanese relations date back to the seventeenth century, when Russian colonization began in Siberia. At the turn of the 1930s and 1940s, Russian Cossacks reached the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk and began exploring the Amur and Sakhalin rivers. However, their ambitions were cut short by the expansion of China, which, under the rule of the Manchurian tribes, merged into a strong state, lasting until 1911.

The Portsmouth Agreement remained unchanged until the end of World War II, however, during the Russian Civil War after the October Revolution and in the first half of the 1920s, Japan took advantage of the turmoil and occupied Soviet territories in the Far East. After the Great October Revolution, Japanese troops participated in international intervention in the Russian Far East and, together with other Allied troops, reached Baikal.

Japan, which acted as an aggressor in World War II, was defeated by the Allies. As early as 1943, it was decided that Japan would have to pay reparations and repair war damage. After the war in Japan, the occupying administration of American troops ruled, which tried to turn Japan into a democratic state and its stronghold in Asia.

At the end of 1999, Yeltsin resigned and appointed Vladimir Putin as his successor. At first it seemed that Putin would continue the policy of his predecessor, he himself expressed his willingness to conclude a peace treaty at the promised time. On March 26, 2000, Putin was elected the new Russian president, and in September 2000, he paid an official visit to Japan. During talks with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshir Mori, the two leaders agreed that the peace treaty would not be signed by the end of 2000 and that their mutual relations had fallen into disrepair.

The first question to be answered in connection with the statute of the Kuril Islands is which of the two nations settled here first. The answer is certainly not uninteresting, although it is not very relevant for determining who the islands should belong to today.

Japan and Russia have many reasons for cooperation, both in the political field and in the economic field. Russia has long since ceased to be as strong and influential as it would be, while Japan has relatively little political weight in relation to its economic power. Both countries would therefore like to increase their influence in world politics, but on the Asian continent itself, they are growing strong competition in the form of China. China's growing position can be expected in the future, and it is in Russia's and Japan's interest to work together to balance its influence and prevent it from gaining the status of Asian hegemon.

Russian-Japanese relations after World War II

From the outset, relations between Russia and Japan have been accompanied by ambiguities about common borders. These then changed several times throughout history, the results of the Second World War were definitively defined. However, the post-war international situation brought speculation to this arrangement, originally agreed by the victorious participants in the war.

The diploma thesis is devoted to Russian-Japanese relations throughout their duration with emphasis on the period after World War II and the issue of the Kuril Islands. Both countries underwent major changes in the twentieth century. Japan, an aggressive and militaristic state in the 1930s, gained vast territory after World War II. After the defeat in 1945, it was occupied by the occupying troops, which took all power. In the second half of the twentieth century, it benefited from a strategically advantageous position in Asia and from the position of a major US ally in the bipolar world. It developed rapidly economically and in the 1960s became one of the strongest economies in the world. However, to a certain extent, it still bears the stigma of a war-torn state responsible for war, which prevents it from balancing its political influence on the economic level.

Russian-Japanese relations after World War II