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Historical depictions.
Úsovský hrad a zámek na kolorované pohlednici z roku 1909
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Úsov na pohlednici z roku 1910
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Hrad a zámek Úsov a ukázka lesnického muzea na pohlednici z roku 1901
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Úsov na rytině A. Kunikeho z roku 1834
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Reklama
Usov
The castle - nowadays a chateau - is situated on the left bank of the Morava River, on a hill above the town of the same name in the district of Šumperk. It is the only type of French castle in Moravia. The name Úsov 1260 was first mentioned in written sources in the charter of Edik (Egid) of the family of the Lords of Švábenice - he was the castellan of Olomouc. The castle was owned by the Lords of Vlašim around 1416, the coats of arms on the buildings indicate that they rebuilt the castle in 1487. Minor Renaissance reconstructions from 1550 were carried out by Jan Jetřich of Boskovice. During the Thirty Years' War the castle was occupied by the Swedish army. In the 17th century, the Liechtensteins acquired the castle. Until recently, it was believed that the rammed walls and round towers date back to the late Gothic period. It was only after archaeological research that it was discovered that the castle dates back to the mid-13th century and still stands today, with three of the round towers standing in whole and two in part, and the square tower apparently housing the gate, completely fulfilling the idea of a French castle. Another tower and the remains of a larger building were discovered during archaeological research. This type is known in Central Europe only from the Bohemian royal court. Local craftsmen misunderstood the main use of the franking towers protruding from the walls and inserted them inside. Nevertheless, Úsov can be classified as a castle influenced by French castles. The castle was rebuilt in 1487 and then in 1550, but none of the builders improved the castle defences. The galleries on the towers were modified, which were only suitable for defence from above, and a new building was built on a part of the promontory above the town. Further reconstruction was carried out by the Liechtensteins as a restoration after the conquest of the Swedes. As early as 1650 they demolished the southern face of the tower and built a two-storey building.
Sources: Durdík, T., Castles of the castle type of the 13th century in Central Europe, Prague, 1998. Plaček, M. Castles and chateaux in Moravia and Silesia. Prague, 1999. Prokop, A., Die Markgrafschaft Mähren in kunstgeschichtlicher beziehung. Band I-IV. Wien 1904.
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