Lipnice nad Sázavou

hrad
     
Název:
Name:
Lipnice nad Sázavou Lipnice nad Sázavou
Další názvy:
Other Names:
Lipnice
Typ:
Style:
hrad castle
Stav:
Condition:
dobrý, opravován good, repaired
Přístupnost:
Accessibility:
placený vstup v návštěvních hodinách pay entry in opening hours
Obec:
Municipality:
Lipnice nad Sázavou Lipnice nad Sázavou
GPS souřadnice:
GPS Coordinates:
49°36'50.890"N 15°24'47.314"E
První písemná zmínka:
First Written Reference :
DD.MM.1314
Památky a muzea v okolí:
Places of Interest and Museums in the Vicinity:
Dům Jaroslava Haška, hrob Jaroslava Haška, město Lipnice nad Sázavou House of Jaroslav Hašek, Jaroslav Hašek´s, city Lipnice nad Sázavou
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Tištěné zdroje:
Printed sources:

URL : https://www.valka.cz/Lipnice-nad-Sazavou-t174474#516875 Version : 0
Geographical coverage

The castle is located in the land register of the same city,so that it is today surrounded on all sides by. The main core of the historical settlement is located on the southwest side of the castle between him and the White tower. The rock on which the castle stands, was selected from the three rocky formations – hills like the one in the middle, is probably the lowest, however the White tower, as it seems does not have sufficient space for this large castle and the other a hill, is undoubtedly higher, but also more extensive. It seems that the rock on which the castle stands, so the builders of the castle fit most of all. My role here also could play the proximity sooner rather resulting from the settlement. Moreover, a little later konstitující city this position well used and it also finally filled the space between the castle and the White tower. Even from the point of view of the defense.
The very rock on which the castle stands is of the so-called lipnické granite. Of the same material was also built the castle, or its greater part, brick is more of the additional material appearing here rather up in the 16. century. Of the same material is also the White tower, most likely most of the houses in the city, the city fortifications and possibly other houses in the vicinity. Indeed, even today, is a series of lipnických home and farm buildings, up to the latest built of the same material. Nor can it be ruled out that the sub-was used as the material obtained from the castle or the White tower, even if the castle itself wasn't in great discussed like many other castles on the building material for the construction of buildings or roads, indeed, freely available stone in the immediate vicinity of more than enough. On some of the houses in worse condition, or on the ruins it is today more than well shown. The very granite, called lipnicka, is a light gray rock, a little bluish, fine-grained, composed of quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and muscovite. However, it has some negative properties, that are clusters of biotite, which is a dark mica, which readily effloresces and leaves on the surface of the spots are dark brown and rezava (Kukal – Dudíková Schulmannová – Valečka – Čechová – Pošmourný 2010, 235).

Structural and historical development

The first ever written mention, when it is referred to Bluegrass, we have from the year 1226, but this is not even about the castle and even on today's Lipnice nad Sázavou, but is meant by the nearby Lower Town, the original name of the settlement in time transferred to other nearby new settlement, is not an isolated issue. August Sedláček then developed the thesis of Jerome Solaře that Lipnice had in his possession on the basis of the documents of the 30. and 40. years 13. century Ctibor of the Bluegrass, about the possibility that he was also the founder of the castle, however, this experienced as an unquestionable fact. Today, however, knows that the Bluegrass is located in Moravia, although it is not clear whether this is a Lipník nad Bečvou or about Lipník u Hrotovic (Sommer et al. 1999, 8). The castle was until I was 14. century and around the turn of the first and second decade, just sometimes around the year 1310. The first written mentioning then we have from the year 1314, when reference is made to the castle burgrave Bernard (Hanzlík 2004, 3).
It is known that the castle was founded Lichtenburkové, which is one of the branches of the old Czech of the genus Ronovci. The founder was most likely Raimund of Lichtenburg. Certain it is, that Henry of Lichtenburg gave the year 1319, the castle in pledge to the young Czech king John of Luxembourg, he did so to help his relative Jindříchovi of Lipá (Hanzlík 2004, 3). And he, when he obtained from the king, maybe even structurally unfinished castle in exchange for Žitavsko, it then had to develop into his main form of the block layout of considerable size and up close, that led to a certain opening of this disposition. In the reign of John of Luxembourg was the only such monumental newly created castle, belonging to the highlights of the Czech castle architecture 14. century (Durdík 1998, 44). After his death in 1329 the castle to receive his sons, who then in 1335 feasted at the castle of the king Jana with his son Charles IV. The year 1370 acquires the castle and in the same year gives the rights of the urban settlement below the castle. The year 1376 then the castle gives in pledge to the lords of Kunštát, you have to leave not long, only till the year 1379, when the castle received Vítek of Landštejn. Václav IV. then Landštejnům Lipnice left hereditarily. William, the son of Vitkuv, then in the chapel he founded the collegiate kapitulu. After his death, she inherited the manor lipnické his daughter Catherine. Her marriage to Čeňkem of Varntenberka, so the castle as a dowry he got into the hands of the Varntenberků (Durdík 1999, 334 - Hanzlík, 2004, 1-3).
Čeněk of Varntenberka, acting as the supreme prague burgrave, was also a major supporter of the Master of John Goose, 1415, was the initiator of stižného sheet of the Czech nobility Kostnickému council. Furthermore, he has come so far that 6. march 1417 at Lipnice took place the very first consecration of the hussite priests herman pepa Nikopolským, he was forced to after he was abducted (Hanzlík 2004, 4). A few decades later, 26. may 1482 then began to consecrate the new kališnické the priest of a poor Italian bishop Augustine Luciani, for which he was also duly rewarded (Šmahel 2008, 112).
However, in the meantime, there have been a number of important changes and events, whether related to the castle or the Kingdom of bohemia. After Čeněk died, became the new owner of Oldřich of Rožmberk, but that was a major enemy of hussite thoughts as well as movement in general. However, the castle took possession of Jan Smil of Kremže, who was count of the highly lipnickým and also the hussite hetman. Oldrich had no choice and so his rights to the estate confirmed. Indeed, the whole area was rather significantly hussite, 1422 there was even a battle at Smilova Brod, today Havlíčkova, between the armies, the hussite and the Hungarian king Sigmund, which lost. Other evidence of this to be CVF certain ventricular tiles with hussite themes. The year 1436 Oldřich of Rožmberk Jan Smila from Kremže captured and left to cruelly die in the dungeon of the castle of český krumlov. However, the castle sold to the knights Nicholas Trčkovi of Linden. In the possession of his family until the summer 1561-1593 remains of the castle up to the year 1634 (Durdík 1999, 334 - Hanzlík, 2004, 4-5).
Trčkové were really significant owners of the castle and it wasn't just the fact that they owned the castle for nearly two centuries. Son Mikulášův, Burian Trčka of Lípa, promoting and mentor of the king George of Podebrady, planted about it the increase in strength meaning of his castle, as a defense center against the raids led by Zdeněk of Šternberk. His son Burian II. Trčka of Lípa, as well as his descendant Jan Trčka of Lípa, then put at the beginning of the 16. century generously to rebuild the castle into a late-gothic residence (Hanzlík 2004, 5-6). This is evidenced by the inscription on the door in the tower Samson "the Summer of 1537 these pokojowé dielani gotcha." as well as the pleading the inscription in the building of the gatehouse from the year 1541.
The year 1561 then lipnické estate bought by Francis count of Thurn, for the ownership of the counts of Thurn then there was a renaissance reconstruction. 1593 then back to the manor bought Jan Rudolf Trčka of Lípa (Hanzlík 2004, 6).
The beginning of the 17. century, he certainly was both for the family tricku so for the whole of their estate, rather good up to a successful period, but this soon changed with the estates uprising in 1618. Yet, that Trčkové were kališníky, not only to the uprising have been exaggerated, and even later even converted to the catholic faith. Adam Erdman Trčka of Lípa, the son Jan Rudolph Trczka of Linden, merged his career with general Albrecht Václav Eusebiusem of Wallenstein, was not only his general but even brother-in-law. However, with him, shared another fate, when he was together with him in Cheb 25. February 1634 murdered on the orders of emperor Ferdinand II. Not long then 29. September 1634 dies and his father. This concludes the family tricku, his property misappropriates the emperor. The emperor, who caused his downfall.
Ferdinand II. Then the property predominantly handed out to foreigners, who fought in the habsburg army. Lipnice so in 1636, gained a burgundy nobleman Matthew Verner de Rougemont, the but castle care much and even the crew at the castle was not so big. The war was already in its half, when 13. November 1639, to carry out Lipnice attack on the strength of 16 sections Banerových the swedes, you have damaged the city walls and the city was looted, but the castle they failed to conquer. However, after winning a the battle of Jankova 6. march 1645, which counts to the most bloody, where was annihilated the imperial army and its commander in chief Melchior Hatzfeld, count of Gieichenu captured, there have been significant changes in the military situation. In the same year took the Swedes the castle without resistance. The question is whether it was a low number of defenders, a sudden surprise or were demoralised. Those after him have taken into their own hands from here head out into the surrounding area, but also further into the eastern and southern Bohemia, which plunder. For this reason, joined the imperial army to the siege of the castle in February 1646, the castle attempted to conquer after 4 weeks, but have achieved only the cast of the White tower and more of their ruins and the town below the castle. Surely the castle suffered many damages, especially to its external fortifications, and a Large tower. The swedes then held the castle until the Westphalian peace in 1648, when it then passed there was a castle, but a wide area in a poor state of repair (Hanzlík 2004, 5). Most likely from the period of the fights of Lipnice comes depot of coins found under the White towers. Certainly some of the findings of the loss of coins can be put into connection with the stays of troops in Lipnice and its surroundings.
After this nearly disastrous episode, tried to Vernierové about the reconstruction and uplift of its assets, baroque rebuilt the castle chapel, surely a very damaged fortifications in the area of the "neck" was particularly towers for rebuilt into a baroque bell tower in the city then, inter alia, gave the baroque to rebuild the church. After the death of Matthew Werner de Rougemonta about the year 1661, took over the estate to his oldest son František Leopold and together with his son John Bartholomew joined the estate lipnické to světelským. Even the meadow grass was getting out of the war ran a whole lot better than the Lower Town, its position gradually losing. Indeed, světelský lock was more representative and especially more comfortable for living than the origin of the medieval castle. However, Vernierové in debt, so they had to a castle further to undergo. The owner will gradually become Palm and after them Trauttmandorffové. For them, the castle became a place more for the administration of the manor estate, at the castle so there were offices, apartments and even some of its parts serve as warehouses (Hanzlík 2004, 6).
19. September 1869, which was a Sunday there was a fire shed is located under a Large tower. The fire from it gradually spread to basically the entire castle and even the city. While for city it was a blow from which is a long time to receive, the castle has remained virtually unnoticed until 1913. Gradually, there were roofing and renovating some of the buildings on the castle for the beginning of the chapel, they're street sweeping and the gatehouse. However, in 1916 there was a great gale which pobořila another part of the great tower, and there was virtually a new roof of the chapel. We know that the gatehouse, then at least its bottom floor and even part of they're street sweeping, mázhaus, was used as an inn or similar device, in which the distinguished guests were the painter Jaroslav Panuška and writer Jaroslav Hašek, who is Lipnice associated the most. In 1924 the castle for 100,- Czk bought the Club of Czech (or czechoslovak) tourists, which was until the beginning of the 50s 20. century, a major owner of the monuments, especially castles (Hanzlík 2004, 6). About castle care until 1953, when the castle assumed by the state. The greater the construction activity started only in the 70-80s, however, the reconstruction which concerned mainly the north of the palace, they're street sweeping and also the gatehouse is contradictory, as it was not conducted under the supervision of archaeologists. Apparently even the conservationists themselves, would have something to say, used materials – i.e. reinforced concrete and steel structures, appears to be not very happy by the decision, on the other hand, it was achieved a tangible progress in time and at a smaller financial claims, which would probably be the classical methods was not possible. However, these works have not been brought completely to an end, especially it concerns the internal part of the castle. Even in the ' 90s reconstruction of the kontinuovala, although other methods and if necessary, under archaeological supervision. To ensure and necessary to the reconstruction of the southern palace, in the Great tower was built a real replica of the gothic chamber of the stove. Further work related to various parts around the north of the palace, the gatehouse and they're street sweeping. The last time it is a bailout for the Big towers or the construction of a new replica of the chamber of the stove, this time in the north palace.
What is the construction of the development is concerned, already in its beginning was given to the core of the castle, high circular walls and some buildings, its today's shape of an irregular trapezoid, which is too much in the external dimensions haven't changed. The internal ratios of the castle were in part made already during the formation of the partially then additional construction or reconstruction of other buildings and structures later, especially in the 15. and 16. century. When the castle has already acquired most of today's spatial characteristics. Most of the subsequent active intervention in the form of the castle had rather the character of a self-destruct, which is quite evident especially on the fortifications, or just more decorative. Passive interventions, i.e., those, rather, not man, especially the fire and two large storms have caused the partial destruction of the castle, but in its essence to the loss of the vast majority of roofing and the significant part of the Large tower space castle too did not suffer. It was worse of course with the interiors. The following reconstruction then in addition to the new roofing of some buildings have brought not always completely happy carrying out internal space, however the external or internal spatial proportions of the castle no strange hit was not, perhaps, with the exception of the area of the bastion Křenovky and the eastern area under the castle.
The original form of the castle is not entirely known and it is considered that the most likely to Jindřich of Lipá gave the castle marked the basis of today's form. They were elongated two-piece block layout, with a strong donjonem and an associated gate. Prof. T. Durdík, incline to the opinion that not far behind 1. the gate, the castle was separated, creating today a defunct gate and was here 2. gateway, today just barely visible. There is also a second variant, when this gate is wall towards the tower, and thus creates a kind of alley. Between this wall and the towers were located on the south side of the castle 2. story building, today not very well preserved in the today standing the larger southern late-gothic palace. The question is if already then there was built a chapel, it's possible, albeit a square vessel was increased to the present amount, in the form of a tower, probably until the end of the 14. century. The southwest palace was not then so extensive, the oldest part of it was the southwest tract, to which in a small time interval, another champion of a northern part, and the tower, today called Samson, this, however, was almost certainly a little different form than today. Other structures are younger issues. The period of formation of the castle well is not what I had the opportunity to find out, nowhere dealt with, but probably was related with the emergence of the tower (Durdík 1998, 44, 46).
The main landmark on the site or in the wide area – lichoběžníkovitou the main tower, has also received the right in the early days of construction (Menclová 1972, 381). The rock on which the castle was built, it bears at least on one of its visible parts of the traces of kamenický processing, which are recorded diagonally from top to bottom, right to left (fig. 61, 62). However, you cannot say, whether this activity took place during the initial construction, or later. Interesting is also the use of building techniques. Especially the larger blocks of stone (fig. 59, 60). These elements are well recognizable for at least the entire run of the outer wall of the south, Trčkovského the palace, the whole outer line of the Great tower, 1. castle gates and a significant part of the eastern walls. It is logical to use the larger worked stones such as on the corners of the walls, at the windows, the doorway, where these are often significantly ornately machined. At least two of the three surviving prevétů are pretty well carved stone (fig. 68), smaller sizes and mostly are relatively thin, but what is most interesting is the use of really large stones in the same building of the main buildings. It is a question of why there has been such a change, i.e. the transition from a large cuboid stone to the classical lomovému building stone, whether perhaps it was dropped from the original intention to build a castle out of large stones – blocks, or these should serve only as a foundation of masonry based on the rock, however, in many places, especially on the Big tower and the associated 1. the gate range places really high. In contrast, brick is used a little more optional, and apparently there was up to at 16. century.

Big tower and 1. gate

The dominant trapezium tower, is the oldest part of the castle, her main task was to cover the main entrance into the castle gate with a passage, its masonry of quarry stone is considerably massive and solid, in the corners filled in addition štukovím, so even though you damaged endured from a great their part of the state until the great storm of 1916, when her larger standing part of the collapsed to the level of a brick the highest point adjacent to the southern palace, which however, to it was placed later, as inter alia evidenced in the masonry exposed a loophole, which was obsluhovatelná from the stairs, this would otherwise have been walled up, however, even so, probably a long time did not work, however, is outside of the body of the tower and according to the D. Andreas kröper had to this approach arise until sometime at the end of the 14. or early 15. century. This loophole otherwise the mouth, approximately towards the second castle gate. The only well-preserved corner has been preserved in full your brick height of 35 m and are for him recognizable and corbels, which carried the wooden raised floor, from here is visible about 20 km from Havlíčkův Brod, which, however, seems just as small and if it weren't for the current chimneys, and lackluster point in the landscape. However, at the time when the castle enjoyed much better condition, had to be for the crew of the castle excellent prospect on the surrounding countryside for its better control. At the level of the third bedrock, is maintained ornately arched stone gate that had a trap bridge, the dosedal on two massive corbels, from which then it was wooden podsebití laid on the cantilevers, which are mostly preserved on the building of the southern palace at the level of the today non-existent third floor. On the ground floor of the tower lies a vaulted hall, the other floors were plochostropé, this has only a small window, to the next floors led draught of the staircase, which is preserved exactly by the amount of well-preserved floor. At the level of the second floor, then the passage associated with the gateway (Durdík 1999, 335 - Durdík 2008, 113 - Menclová 1972, 382-383 - Sedláček, 64-65). Today, on the second floor is the exposition, where is the chance to view both the reconstruction of the chamber of the stove, with a rich décor. To shape the layout of the tower is the lipnické probably the most similar to the castle of Bones.
The actual gate is still recognizable attributes that was provided with a drawbridge, which was laid over the transverse trench, though the latter is today almost the whole peppered, and even practically in a plane with the surroundings. It has three strata, while the third is located one of the three preserved prevétů. The second floor was open to the outside. It seems that the roofing seems like all of the castle buildings defied the požáru4. The passage is high and its ceiling is beautifully arched, with stone elements. The gate was also a possible access to the wall, which leads towards the gatehouse and the tower of Samson, the gatehouse is but the younger, while the actual wall used to be higher than it is today, she could perhaps go even communication corridor, maybe with loopholes to the 2. the inner castle gate (Sedlacek 1997, 64).

2. the inner gate

Today the gate we get directly on to the courtyard, but it is certain that it always wasn't so. On the east wall are still well recognizable traces of the second tower gateway, approximately the same cardinality, which fully snug and then when she left wall, but not so powerful then it used to connect to the building preceding the present palace, which seems the most likely, the second variant just sort of fenced off alley is probably unlikely (Durdík 1999, 335 - Durdík 2008, 113). The space of this gate as well as around it, has been studied archaeologically, and uncovered a significant part of the area of the gate and its surroundings, with the fact that they were found, some of its fragments and that the masonry, and paving both inside and apparently partially outside of it.
Behind this dividing gate with a wall of the space expanded (Durdík 2008, 115). D. Menclová her demise placed no later than 16. century, which would be logical due to the redevelopment of the castle, with a practical view of how the page reprezentačně-residential usefulness, due to the new elements of fortification, it has also improved the communication situation in the central core of the castle, where they were different yet the free part installed.

3. the gate of the outer fortifications

In fact, should call rather 1. the gate and the other gates, they must have had other indications. Especially according to the vedute J. Venuta from the year 1795 is to them evident. However, at the carvings of F. And. Eber, which arose towards the end of the 1. 19th. century, already there is no such building captured. And even parkán with him, immediately related it to the plan of the castle is captured as an area forming an ornamental little park, or rather a small garden. The plan is not captured or 2. or 3. the gate, even if only in allusions. It is quite possible that part of the masonry of the gate survived, certainly with the retained masonry in the vicinity, but I'm not quite sure, whether archaeological research proběhlý the moat hit this space, even if it completely ruled out I can't. This gate, therefore, must have existed even in the year 1795, and it's probably in really good if not almost perfect condition, but then, sometimes in a period of about 50 years, i.e., from the time when their works Venuto and Heber made, was knocked down. Its creation can be put to the end of 15., or to the beginning of the 16. century.

the Chapel of st. Lawrence (Joseph)

In the first quarter of 14. century was the castle built a chapel, which was dedicated to st. Lawrence, during its existence, and she, like the castle, through the smaller, the larger structural adjustments. At first, becoming alone, will pass to its connection with the wall, in the course of the 16. century around her were built up more buildings, even today preserved only in remains. Astonishing is also its magnificence in the decoration of sculptural and painted, so that even in her size, this chapel at the time, are otherwise typical of the royal castles, which itself is indicative of the chattel owner (Durdík 1991, 9 - Durdík 1999, 335 - Hanzlík, 2004, 9).
The emergence of the castle chapel was conditioned by both sense and situation of the owner, both the most complicated accessibility with regard to the location of the village (city) of the church and mansion, or even with regard to the delay time. Certainly were even affairs representative, generally belonged to the chapel of the necessary buildings at the castle, with regard to its functionality. The erection of such a chapel was matters considerably expensive and therefore in many castles, especially those nenáležících king, there is doloženu. The owner of such a castle with a chapel, therefore, had to be considerably wealthy, even here we can observe the differences in their honosnosti. In the imposing architecture, honosnosti and the cost of most of the chapel could measure only the main castle hall (Durdík 1991, 9, here further literature).
The solution of the building of the chapel, designed so that the conclusion of the inside courtyard, so the presbytery of the chapel in the outline of the castle at all does not apply, and that part of the chapel at the same time, it also served as a defensive tower and part of its masonry consisted of the castle fortifications, too not often occur and it is this solution an isolated case, however, what the tower for it was raised up a little later, probably, but still in 14. century (Durdík 1991, 11).
It can be assumed that the chapel was as the work of building the smelter building at the time castle, but in addition, there were other influences, so that was also part of the builders having on the conscience of the so-called "podlipnické churches". It suggests mainly the arc de triomphe, which is solved almost the same way as with the churches in the Lower Town, Loukově and řečice village (Sommer et al. 1999, 40). Other construction elements are, if not identical, so similar. The windows on the north side of the ship along the sides of the presbytery are by design completely coincide with the windows of the churches in the Lower Town and řečice village (Sommer et al. 1999, 41). The overall conduct of the gothic part of the chapel is to be taken with a small grain of salt, because the fire occurred to the forfeiture of the ceiling and possibly other damage. Although legend has it that when the new vaulting was used of the original segments of the ornaments embellish arches springing lines of the ribs, but e.g. kružba the north-east window was certainly replaced by copies, since the original was seriously damaged. Use and other copies then can not be excluded. An important architectural, but sculptural making and the artistic component of the ceiling system are figural ceiling bracket (Sommer et al. 1999, 41-42). However, even so, is the implementation of this chapel architecturally and cut-stone work is very valuable and can not fail to mention the preserved relics of the painted decoration.
Should be to mention about a possible remarkable discovery of two human skeletons walled upright in a niche on the epištolní side of the chapel (Sedlacek 1997, 67). Whether this your way also, construction activities associated with the construction (rather not) or some general building finish the chapel, today, can not be determined. The issue of zazdívání is not at all complicated and in the present case, had the And. Sedláček rather just hearsay, so it can't be directly proven.

the Layout of the castle courtyard

Today's area of the courtyard is a monolithic total, which is nearly all bordered by various buildings locally is really irregularly interrupted by minor irregularities such as a staircase the two main palaces. In some places, then there are smaller streets that are actually made specific connections between the buildings. Such end is at 1. the castle gate at the entrance to the great tower and the chapel of st. Lawrence, when this today results in Panuškovu prospect. Some of the shapes of the courtyard have been made immediately upon the occurrence of the castle, others have been adjusted retrospectively rather usually at the expense of the expanses of the courtyard. These activities usually can connect with the house of lords Trčků of Linden, or the counts of Thurn at the end of the 15. and especially in the 16. century. At least in two places it is well evident east of the rock, one place is the entrance to the great tower, the second then the area around the chapel of st. Lawrence. It is quite certain that, thanks to the 2. castle gate was a space of the courtyard somehow broken through this gateway, and with her rising walls or perhaps walls. Variants is both aisle between the 1. and 2. the gateway or the damming of the courtyard on the two, not quite as large half wall would be started from the side of the tower and she would go in the direction probably of the palace. It is certain that this redoubt must have been extinguished at the latest during the 16th. century. It acquired a large area actually, already today's dimensions, that was used sometimes in the course of the 17. or perhaps at the latest, before the middle of the 19. century to create a pond, which as it seems, there were still sometimes on the turn of the 19th. and 20. century, after it was buried. All mostly not too deep terrain then especially when vyklízecích and reconstruction work was proceeding partly by any other material partially broken disturbed e.g. electrical lines and eventually was a significant part of the investigated archaeologically. While most of the obtained ceramic material, including that obtained during the foundation excavations, it is rather the methods and drťová. Thus, for the functional use of the castle wasn't this space dumping, albeit infrequently, particularly ceramic material, that but rarely can be put to 15. century or even earlier. However, in some of the landscaping field, was the used soil for these purposes, added methods of ceramic – waste, rather then the kitchen and the table, sporadically but even kamnářská.

Trčkovský palace

Also referred to as the south. Initially there was a little less palatial building from which to the present too has not kept up on the part of the dungeon. Yet this probably was a two-storey with attic space and basement.
The current palace, or rather its ruins, is a two-storey building has a rectangular plan, has a basement but without the roofing. The second floor is preserved only in the form of enclosing walls, because wooden flat ceilings 2. and 3. floors including enclosure took fire. Some of the preserved stone elements, especially the lining at the entrance to the building and the wall dividing the small knight's hall from the entrance and communications room in the first floor. In the same floor there was another room, which serve as a kitchen. In the second floor then should be the great knight's hall. The third floor we left since it was all wooden, in addition, on the outer side was protruded on the cantilevers before the masonry of the palace, out of its own building was available from the great tower, where the goal of the estuary to these places. The entrance to 1. the palate is lifted up, therefore there is a staircase, however, to the present day preserved as a ruin, because it was in the 90's. years of the 20th. century reconstructed together with the building, which was in slightly poor condition (reconstruction to the more Girsa 1995, 1998). This was preceded by CLOSE of the year 1996 under the leadership of dr. Schultz ... he was also like the only vypublikován.

Thurnovský palace

Originally in its place stood a smaller palace on the southwest side, when they're street sweeping then there were smaller houses economic in nature (fig. 15-18) the Proof of the existence of the former palace are both a basement and then one window in one of the rooms in the western part of the palace.
Thurnův palace occupies the entire northwest side of the castle and has rather a rectangular shape with dimensions of approximately 40 x 20 m. the Building has two floors, multi-level basement and attic spaces.
Further development of the palace, should be such, that not long after the formation of the southwestern part of the, to her a different master the remaining part of that time then comes the big, powerfully pointed arcades of the vaulted basement, which formerly served as a banquet hall (Durdík 1999, 335 - Durdík 2008b, 115). In the meantime, he had to be palace in the late gothic style was completed. The most interesting rooms are located in the oldest part of the palace – on its western side. Where in a divided shield hall is situated, inter alia, apparently a personal place for private prayer, where beautifully preserved not only the original brick ceilings, but also the decoration with the motif of the crucifixion of Christ. In the next room outside of the original window and the heraldic decoration is also an architectural kamenický element (fig. 68). On the eastern side of the palace is then to change the well preserved decoration in one of the window niches with coats of arms of the knights of Trčků of Linden and Lichtenburků, originating in the 16. century, hopefully sometime in the year 1520.
This palace was also the most marked by not just too appropriate restoration interventions during the reconstruction, which is well seen on the flat ceilings of concrete, and most then on the floor above, where the reconstruction was far from complete.

Tower Samson

The current square layout of this donjonové towers should be exactly (or almost exactly) accept the original volume of the building. She had but to arise, along with additional construction north of the palace a little later than the original part of the castle, but not much (Durdík 1999, 335 - Durdík 2008b, 114) However, the rebuilding of its in period 1. quarters 16. century largely changed the external and internal form. Such interventions are more renaissance window or the rich vaulting of the space in the upper floors. From the ground floor accessible room from the well – her second floor, where is located the well-preserved wooden structures including a large studniční wheels. On the first floor accessible from the outside and from the halls Thurnovského the palace is a large room which is called the courtroom, it is accessible 1. floor of the gatehouse. The latest from the renaissance period, this was the space heated by the two fireplaces, which have been preserved in excellent condition.
The original situation of the tower, she was practically freely placed, with a view to the courtyard on her the greater part of the northwest facade to her adjacent small building, which should not reach the full height of the walls. Roofing was probably a gable roof with gables. The function of the tower was representative, the residential and, to some extent defensive. Its location, though not so powerful as the main big tower, was "less exposed".

Building gatehouse

This building, which is called a concierge, a follow-up on the tower Samson, is of modest dimensions, its formation it is necessary to associate with the rebuilding of the tower. It has all the characteristics of a renaissance building, unfortunately richly articulated shield did not survive the fire, but we have it well captured on one of the papers F. And. Eber, therefore, when the castle was reconstructed could be this element again restored. Unfortunately, especially in 2. floor is noticeable undercooked richly arched concrete ceiling.
The building has a ground floor without basement, two floors always attracts and the soil. The ground floor is accessible from outside, 1. and 2. floor then from the respective floors of the tower they're street sweeping. According To J. Frič is in 1. floor they're street sweeping the courtroom, and the relevant floor so he called the backgrounds of the court. In this room is to the present days has preserved the inscription on the wall, the so-called pleading the text is dated to the year 1541.

Outpost fortification

The forward fortifications of the castle Lipnice consists of two bastions of the south, which was supplemented by the building of the gate and northeast called "Křenovkou" and one of the tower jutting out on a rocky, westward projecting promontory of the "neck", square layout, today in its place stands the baroque bell., next was a system of fortifications supplemented by the walls, which are mostly not survived, the best preserved are on the side of the south and in the southwest front of the castle. Specific advanced feature is the White tower on the opposite hill. This fortification was then connected with the fortifications of the city lying between them.
After what happened to the loss of the fortification value of the castle after the mid-17th. century, sooner or later there was a disassembly of the parts of the outer fortifications on the building material, wherein a portion of the fortifications, certainly has a considerable damage for the siege of the castle by imperial troops during the Thirty years ' war. The western tower was replaced by a baroque bell tower, part of fortifications was then still seen at the end of the century 18., but for about 50 years no longer existed as evidenced by the work of F. And. Eber. Eventually, this space suffered further damage by fire. In the context of the disclosure of the castle to tourists then has undergone significant changes Křenovka, which today has a stone staircase and is one of two direct approaches to the castle.

the South bastion

The southern bastion is located in the south of the advancing front of the south main tower of about 12-13 m, this space had to be no later than 19. century filled with the building of the sheds, where a fire broke out which castle succumbed. The south corner of the bastion then towers above the town near the today's building of the mail. At its eastern side ends in a staircase soaring away from the city, to the east is the remnants of the castle gate, today hardly recognizable. Today this space is the prospect of in 19. century there probably was less of a little park, or rather garden, which to us today is indicative only schedule F. And. Eber. The complex was archaeologically investigated in 2001.

Bastion Křenovka

Bastion called Křenovka, is originally a practically rectangular floor plan, but in its eastern corner is slightly 2x broken., it is about the dimensions of approximately 20x12-13 m. it Was accessible by a bridge, which was led from additionally out of the door opening in the wall with the staircase. Later in the course 20. century was part of the bastions converted so that when the east side is the added staircase, which today, visitors to the castle get. Currently growing inside of the bastion and a few trees. The bastion is situated parallel to the front of the building of the gatehouse and parts of the walls, and are separated from each other by a flat moat, or rather the free terrain, in the remoteness of 7-8 m.
Access to this area was probably always the easiest, while here she started a direct path to the main castle gate and it should be prevented.

Tower – the bell tower

Used to stand here was originally a tower čtverhranného plan to end the rocky narrow promontory having the width of around 10 m and the distance from the westernmost corner of the tower, to the westernmost corner of the Turnovského palace, is about 47 m. This was associated with the castle wall. After the demise of their function, probably after the mid-17th. century, how out of place it seems, the tower was pobořena practically up to the level of the foundations, so many have not been preserved, above the ground does not protrude not more than 0.5 m, subsequently there was built not tall, the building zvoničky a nearby city church. The probably maybe even escaped the fire of the castle. Currently, her condition is satisfactory, in relatively recent times has undergone repair of the roof, but her facade for years already, many have suffered.

Outpost fortifications the White tower

It is a detached defensive element, in the form of a cylindrical tower - thus, the forward bastion of the peak type. It is situated to the south of the city on the edge of a deep ravine, on an oval hillock of about 38 m long and in its widest part having an approximately 15 m, around her then he was vylámán into the rock trench, opposite to it stands the castle itself. The actual building site, or rather the space of the advance fortifications, it is rather tight. Sama tower is on average 9 m and around her left too many free space, in the widest part they are about 3 m. the Longitudinal axis is longer, but on the southwest side is the bottleneck in the narrow headland, on the other hand, where there stands today the methods of the chapel of st. Anthony, would any construction be in the way of entry into the campus, which was located here (Menclová 1972b, 322). Its emergence can be linked with Trčkovskými opevňovacími works both in the castle and on the nearby castle orlik dam near Humpolec, where, however, even this is an imperfect response staroitalské bastion system (Durdík 2001, 336). Currently it is a freely accessible ruins. The hollow space of the tower is covered with a layer of the greater part of the stone destruction from the body of the tower, to a lesser extent then a lot of debris, while its bottom is recessed about 3 to 4 m below ground level. Itself the remaining brickwork of the tower appears to be statically unsecured, it can be assumed that over time various influences – both nature and human interventions occurs and will lead to its destruction, which, however, is not at first sight very clear. The surrounding area is part of the modified, in part, then overgrown with trees and shrubs. The surviving remnants of the masonry probably in the less than three-quarters of the not very do not stand out – if at all above the current terrain, but towards the castle masonry begins to sharply stand out, albeit not immediately in the full of its breadth, so that the highest preserved part of the tower reaches a height of approximately 2 to 3 meters and in this part of the masonry at the same time, in the full of his strength.
As it was a detached outpost fortifications, had to be it, at least somehow protected, so that the tower itself was not right for enemies to access, having to overcome a series of obstacles and yet they were also blasting. First it was the trench, which was still in the second half of the 19th. century still deep and even in that time, he was even with the embankment, the only free approach from the side of the city through the front wall (the salt merchant said 1863, 80). From the west and north is then a steep slope. It is more than likely that the fortifications around the White tower, was probably the character of the wooden fortifications – perhaps it could be the stockade, however, this can only confirm the archaeological research. Cannot be also in the period of the thirty years ' war to exclude the newer elements of transitional fortifications. On the engraving B. Kutiny (fig. 21) from the magazine Industry, issued in 1885, is shown outside the castle also the tower, with the adjacent terrain, and a small chapel, the tower itself seems a little better preserved and the terrain around her practically bald. Even on the copperplate J. Venuta of 1795 (fig. 27), where it is also caught outside the castle and the tower, which is still fairly high and above the level of the mid-preserved tower is located open to input smooth shapes, next is referred to a chapel. This concept is typical for bergfritů. Today the access road is from the town up straight, but fairly steep, head around the wall of the cemetery, but to it not lying flat.
Embodiment, when it is part of the fortifications belonging to the castle at the same time, outside the very construction of the castle, is not completely isolated, though this solution does not occur too often, on the other hand, we know this solution from the territory of the Czech Republic, but also need to Poland. However, must also consider the form of the towers and the time of its creation.5
In 1901 he was at the White tower found sterling depot, which was hidden in a brass container. In her saved coins were of the evil of gold, except for one commemorative from the year 1617, which was made of silver and overlapped them (Cermak 1913, 488)..
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