List of author's articles

52 brave ones from the Philippines

The Story of the 52 Brave Defenders of the Philippines or also known as the Last of the Philippines is the story of the heroic defenders of the last remnant of Spain in the Philippines. Soldiers of the 2nd Expeditionary Hunting Battalion's Detachment 337 days the last piece of overseas Spain unaware that the administration of the country had long since passed to someone else.
They were fulfilling their oath and were the last unit operating overseas in a once glorious empire on which the sun never set. Almost a year of sacrifice and hardship which ultimately did nothing to change the fact that the overseas colonies were lost and a new emerging world player had taken over.

🕔︎ 19.09.2021 👁︎ 7.493

Agustín Munoz Grandes soldier from Moroco and general of Blue Division

In the African heat, he raised to become a very skilful officer. When Spain became to be a republic rewarded him for his services with imprisonment. Subsequently after the outbreak of civil war, he did not hesitate to join the insurgents and very reliably commanded large combat bodies.
His reliability, command skills, and popularity between his soldiers predestined him to receive command a volunteer division that represented the determination of the Spanish people to repay the Soviet Union for interfering in Spanish internal affairs and support the civil war as well.

🕔︎ 12.08.2020 👁︎ 11.117

Aung San

Biography of a Burmese independence fighter and commander of the Burmese Independent Army, which worked with the Japanese during World War II.
🕔︎ 10.12.2011 👁︎ 28.673

Battle of Jemappes 1792

The Battle of Jemappes took place on November 6, 1792 near Jemappes in Hainaut, Belgium, near Mons. The battle is part of the fighting between the troops on the one hand, the first coalition, formed by Austria, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Sardinia, Great Britain, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, Spain and the French revolutionary troops on the other.
🕔︎ 21.08.2010 👁︎ 21.626

Central American Civil War 1838-1871- Guatemala

After the collapse of the Spanish colonies, Central America wanted to unify and continue as a modern federal state. Unfortunately, the new country has had to face many problems and instability from the outset. This situation was largely artificially provoked by forces that benefited from the colonial backward socio-economic system, which they did not intend to give up without a struggle. For this reason, there is a conflict across America, where there are conservative forces on the one hand, supported by the Catholic Church, and enlightened liberals on the other. The conflict is gradually shifting from the ideological level to the armed struggle, which has been going on with varying intensity for a long time and is gradually seizing the whole of Central America in various ways. In Guatemalan history, there are two great figures who influence events in the whole area, namely the conservative R. Carrera and the liberal gen. F. Morazán. After the fighting, they are gradually consolidating their position in Guatemala in order to establish their regime, which is returning the country to its backward colonial social system. This regime lasted until 1871, when the liberals regained power in a coup.
🕔︎ 22.06.2010 👁︎ 19.892

Charles-François du Perrier du Mouriez

French military officer, minister of Foreign Affairs, minister of War in a Girondin cabinet and army general during the French Revolutionary War.
With General Kellermann he shared the first French victory at Valmy where the Prussian army was forced to draw back. He rapidly advanced north; before entering Holland he decided to return to Brussels when the French armies lost territory in the east of Belgium and the Siege of Maastricht. He disagreed with his successor Pache, the radical Convention and Jacobin deputies, like Robespierre and Marat, on the annexation of the wealthy Netherlands and the introduction of assignats. After losing the Battle of Neerwinden, he deserted the Revolutionary Army. He refused to surrender himself to the recently installed Revolutionary Tribunal - as he would be executed - and defected to the Austrian army.

🕔︎ 20.06.2023 👁︎ 1.989

Civil Guard (Guardia Civil)

The Civil Guard is one of the oldest security forces in the world and also one of the most trusted institutions in Spain. Since 1844, it has reliably protected the security and property of citizens and oversaw compliance with the rule of law.

Throughout its history, it has gone through many turbolent periods, as has the whole country, but it has always honored the fulfillment of its mission, regardless of who ruled in the country.

🕔︎ 08.04.2020 👁︎ 7.607

Escape from Madrid

In 30 years, the Liaison Regiment was the only unit of its kind in the Spanish army. After the outbreak of the uprising in July 1936, at the last moment he escapes the fate of other Madrid troops who are attacked by militants and their members arrested or, as in many cases, mercilessly executed. The regiment embarks on an adventurous journey, which cannot do without casualties, to join the units of the National Movement in Segovia, alongside which it is set to fight.

🕔︎ 15.07.2021 👁︎ 5.991

Hatazo Adachi

Our Imperial country totters on the brink of disaster. I believe it is the natural path for our citizens and soldiers alike to continue fighting until the last drop of our blood is shed. 

🕔︎ 06.12.2022 👁︎ 3.232

Hitoshi Imamura

Japanese general who served in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, and was subsequently convicted of war crimes.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 2.131

I. The Mexican Empire and attempts to reconquer Mexico

The Mexican Empire was created immediately after the independence of the new country and lasted relatively shortly from 1821 to 1823, when it was disbanded under the Casa Mata Plan and the emperor was forced into exile in Europe. Subsequently, a republic is created.
🕔︎ 15.09.2009 👁︎ 23.316

Kanji Ishiwara

Kanji Ishiwara was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. He and Itagaki Seishirō were the men primarily responsible for the Mukden Incident that took place in Manchuria in 1931.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 1.957

Kiyonao Ichiki

Officer in the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II. Ichiki commanded the 28th Infantry Regiment "Ichiki detachment" in the Battle of the Tenaru. The regiment was disastrously defeated by the 1st Marine Regiment and of the 917 soldiers of Ichiki's 1st echelon, only 128 survived. Ichiki was either killed during the final stages of the battle, or performed ritual suicide (seppuku) shortly thereafter.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 2.381

Light Infantry Regiment "Soria" No 9

It is the oldest unit of the Spanish army, as well as one of the oldest units in Europe, it existst for 500 years ...
🕔︎ 14.07.2009 👁︎ 9.230

Maresuke Nogi

Count Nogi Maresuke, also known as Kiten, Count Nogi, was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army and a governor-general of Taiwan. He was one of the commanders during the 1894 capture of Port Arthur from China. He was a prominent figure in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, as commander of the forces which captured Port Arthur from the Russians.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 3.015

Mexican Revolution I - The End of the Porfirate

The Mexican Revolution was an armed conflict that began because of the need for socio-political reforms in Mexico, as well as the ongoing government of Porfírio Díaz for more than 30 years, which was the cause of this situation. It was the first major social revolution in Latin America. The revolution began with P. Díaz and ended with the work of L. Cárdenas. During it, many presidents took turns, many reforms were adopted and the constitution was adopted.
🕔︎ 10.03.2010 👁︎ 29.002

Mexican Revolution II - Constitutionalists

The second part of the revolution begins when a state first takes place in the country by military units and gen. Huerto. Governor Carranza declares disobedience, forms an army, and finally succeeds in overthrowing Huerto, convening Congress to approve the constitution. Gradually, the country is pacified and revolutionary ideas are institutionalized.
🕔︎ 13.03.2010 👁︎ 19.111

Mexico - Guatemalan conflict

The Mexico-Guatemala conflict began on December 31, 1958, when Mexican fishing boats were attacked by the Guatemlay Air Force as they fished in the territorial waters of Guatemala.
The result was 4 fishermen dead and 14 injured. The 10 surviving fishermen were detained and interrogated by the Guatemalan army. The event resulted in the severance of diplomatic and trade relations, the activation of the armed forces of both countries and the destruction of the border bridge between the two countries.
🕔︎ 26.04.2010 👁︎ 23.842

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Roman Catholic priest in New Spain, who is the main representative of the 1st stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. It began with the publication of the so-called Call of Dolores, co-authored by Hidalgo. He led several uprisings, but after a series of defeats he was captured on March 21, 1811 and imprisoned, then on July 30 of the same year he was convicted and executed.

🕔︎ 17.06.2021 👁︎ 2.830

Second French intervention

2. french intervention was, in fact, a free continuation of the War of Reform, during which Mexican Conservative circles seized their second chance. The culmination was for a short time an attempt to establish a second empire, which, however, after the withdrawal of intervention troops quickly ended in the defeat and execution of the leaders of the monarchy.
🕔︎ 18.12.2009 👁︎ 26.146

Shojiro Iida

Japanese general in charge of the Fifteenth Army during the occupation of Thailand 1941 and the invasion of Burma early in 1942.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 2.092

Stanley James Ledger Hill

Many times awarded British paratrooper, commander and hero of the African campaign and invasion of Normandy
🕔︎ 16.03.2020 👁︎ 4.711

The first French intervention - the dessert war

The first French intervention in Mexico, also known as the dessert or cake war, is a problem to be named as it is nicknamed Guerra de los pasteles in the original. This conflict took place between April 16, 1838 and March 9, 1839 and was the first armed conflict between the two countries.
🕔︎ 17.09.2009 👁︎ 20.820

The revolution of Ayutla and the end of Santa Anna

The Ayutla Revolution was an armed resistance movement based on the Ayutla Plan, which declared the need to overthrow the self-proclaimed President of Santa Anna. The revolution is finally successful and the new government takes power. This marks the end of Santa Anna's presence on the scene and the beginning of a period of civil war - the war for reform.
🕔︎ 14.11.2009 👁︎ 18.466

The Road to the Disintegration of New Spain and the War of Mexico 's Independence - Part 1

This section discusses the beginnings of the Mexican independence movement, the socio-economic conditions in New Spain. The independence movement was born out of a conspiracy and especially a conspiracy in Querétaro. After its discovery, the priest Hidalgo begins a fight for independence together with his comrades-in-arms. Over time, he and the first leaders of the movement are captured and executed, but the movement continues and the fight continues.
🕔︎ 04.09.2009 👁︎ 31.365

The Road to the Disintegration of New Spain and the War of Mexico 's Independence - Part 2

After the execution of the first leaders of the independence movement, new fighters enter and the struggle for independence continues, gradually becoming partisan, until A. Iturbide joins the movement from personal motives, who together with V. Guerrero draw up a plan from Igual and three guarantees. Subsequently, almost all parties join the fight, and with a little luck, independence is signed in Mexico D.F. and the Mexican Empire is formed.
🕔︎ 06.09.2009 👁︎ 20.743

The war between Peru and Ecuador continues - the Cenepian War

The Cenepa War ( Guerra del Cenepa ) was an armed conflict that took place in 1995 and took place in a zone that was without the demarcation of the state border between Ecuador and Peru, the demarcation of which was imprecisely regulated in the Rio Protocol of January 29, 1942. The sign of this conflict is derived from the Cenepa River in the zone where this conflict took place.
🕔︎ 30.08.2009 👁︎ 27.177

War for Reform - a three-year war

The war for reform was a conflict between liberal and conservative forces in Mexican society. The war lasted about three years and ended with the victory of the liberal forces, but also the depletion of the country's forces and resources.
🕔︎ 29.11.2009 👁︎ 17.504

War of Peru - Ecuador 1941

While the world's attention was focused on war in Europe, in 1941 it was also fought in South America. This article on the server válka.cz tries to bring this forgotten war closer. The war between Peru and Ecuador is also known as War 41 ( Guerra del 41 ). The war began on July 5, 1941 and ended formally on July 31, 1941 with the signing of a protocol in Rio de Janeiro. During this conflict, Peruvian troops invaded and occupied the Ecuadorian province of El Oro and parts of the province of Loja, advancing through the Amazon zone, which was administered by Ecuador on the basis of the status quo , signed in 1936 ...
🕔︎ 19.08.2009 👁︎ 29.336

Yi Un

28th Head of the Korean Imperial House, an Imperial Japanese Army general and the last crown prince of Korea. In 1910, when the Korean Empire was annexed by Japan and Emperor Sunjong was forced to abdicate, Yi Un was titled His Highness The Crown Prince of Korea. On 10 June 1926, upon the death of Emperor Sunjong, he became His Highness King Yi of Changdeokgung in Japan. Yi Un achieved the rank of Lieutenant General in the Imperial Japanese Army, commanded Japanese forces in China and served as a member of the Supreme War Council. After World War II he was refused entry to Korea, and his Japanese titles were removed by article 14 of the new Constitution of Japan in 1947.

🕔︎ 17.03.2023 👁︎ 4.199

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