List of author's articles

Full profile page: Bc. Valerie Golovčenková

The original inhabitants of Palestine ( Canaan ) were Canaanites. In the 13th century BC this area was conquered by Hebrew-Israeli tribes led by Moses' successor Joshua. Here, 12 Israeli tribes were united and later the first state unit was established, the biblical Jewish state of Israel, whose first king, according to biblical tradition, was Saul. His successor David conquered Jerusalem and made it the capital of the kingdom.

The United States was and still is the most important external player in the region. Their important position is caused by several reasons. The United States has long been considered Israel's largest ally, mainly because of the very powerful Jewish lobby, which, although Jews make up only 3 percent of the American population, has a very strong influence on American politics.

In 1947, the Soviet Union, like the United States and many others, backed a UN resolution on the partition of Palestine, hoping that the newly formed state would be socialist and accelerate the decline of British influence in the region. Therefore, three days after the proclamation of the independent State of Israel, the USSR recognized this new state de jure. The Soviet Union's involvement in the region was primarily aimed at combating " Western imperialism ."

The issue of the Israeli-Palestinian and Israeli-Arab conflicts has been addressed by the United Nations ( UN ) from the very beginning of its existence, ie in the 1940s. Since then, it has been constantly presenting plans and proposals to address the situation in this area. Since the Palestinian question first appeared on its agenda, several hundred resolutions have been issued on Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian relations. This chapter deals with only the most important resolutions that have had a direct impact on the further development of this conflict.

Since the very founding of the State of Israel, Europe has sought to maintain a neutral position against the Israeli-Arab, and therefore Israeli-Palestinian, conflict. Throughout the era, however, it has not been able to develop a unified policy towards the region, as individual states have constantly changed their positions depending on specific political or temporal contexts. The European powers, even before the creation of the European Community and subsequently the European Union itself, had very close ties to the Middle East. They pursued their power and political ambitions here. In addition, this area was very strategic from both an economic and a military point of view.

All actors, ie the USA, Russia, the UN and the European Union, had one common interest, namely stability in the Middle East. They therefore decided to coordinate their policies, bearing in mind that the most effective results can only be achieved through cooperation, not through competition. That is why they grouped into the so-called " Middle East Quartet ". The last chapter of this thesis therefore deals with the peace activities of the Quartet in the Middle East and analyzes whether they are able to achieve the desired peace in this region, whether they have the necessary resources and whether any progress has been made in the peace process.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its international-political context

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its international-political context

After the great powers of today's international system realized the importance of establishing stability in the Middle East instead of competing for influence, there were countless efforts to finally resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although at least partial changes have been achieved, most of these peace efforts have unfortunately not led to any concrete result.

The aim of this work is not to analyze the cause and course of this never - ending conflict, but to analyze its international - political context, ie the attitudes and engagement of world powers. At the outset, however, I consider it necessary, in the context of understanding the whole issue, to briefly mention the course of this conflict from the very beginning of its origin to the present.

The conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, contrary to many claims, is a matter of the modern era. Both Islam and Judaism have many features and elements in common. Many Jewish biblical figures are recognized and revered by Muslims, especially Abraham, through whom all three world monotheistic religions, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, de facto intermingle. There are many cases in history where Jews and Muslims fought side by side for a common cause.