Czechoslovak communist politician and statesman. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1929, and after the Second World War he first served as Prime Minister in his first and second governments. Four months after the Communists took power in 1948, he was elected President of Czechoslovakia, a position he held until his death. Although he initially opposed political trials, he was unable to resist Soviet pressure and was directly responsible for the deaths of dozens of his opponents, collaborators and innocent people (including Milada Horáková).
Czech playwright, essayist, dissident and critic of the communist regime, later politician and statesman. He was the ninth and last president of Czechoslovakia (1989-1992) and the first president of the Czech Republic (1993-2003).
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