Haile Selassie I, Ethiopian Emperor, head of the Ethiopian Church
(1892 - 1975)
Haile Selassie means "Power of the Holy Trinity".
In 1916 he staged a palace coup in Ethiopia and a year later became Prince Regent, heir to the throne. He ascended to the throne in 1928, first as king and two years later was crowned emperor (negus).
Early in his reign, he limited the power of parliament and amended the new constitution accordingly. This was to enable him to carry out important reforms that would bring the country into the 20th century. The emperor reduced internal tariffs, created a central National Bank and abolished slavery. He also encouraged the establishment of state schools.
His reform efforts were interrupted by the invasion of Italian fascist troops in 1935. The Ethiopian army succumbed to the overwhelming superiority of the Italian aggressors, and Haile Selassie took refuge in exile in London. He returned triumphantly to Ethiopia in 1941 with British assistance.
In 1947, at a conference in Paris, he concluded a peace treaty with Italy under which Ethiopia received $25 million in reparations over the next seven years. Diplomatic relations were then restored between the two countries in 1951 and an economic cooperation treaty was signed.
In 1953, Ethiopia concluded a mutual defence treaty with the United States under which American advisers took over the training and equipment of the Ethiopian army in return for the provision of bases on Ethiopian territory. However, Haile Selassie was not exclusively focused on cooperation with the US or the UK, as evidenced by his state visit to the Soviet Union in July 1959, during which he signed the Soviet-Ethiopian Cooperation Agreement. In addition, he also supported the policies of the countries associated with the Non-Aligned Movement.
However, many unresolved issues remained in domestic politics, such as land reform. Although Haile Selassie appointed a special committee to prepare the reform, the new legislation did not bring about any major changes and maintained the influence of the feudal lords and the church virtually until the end of his reign.
In December 1961, the first coup attempt took place when a group of officers took advantage of the emperor's state visit to Brazil to try to overthrow him. The emperor returned to the country and, with the help of loyal troops, put down the rebellion. A second plot was uncovered in November 1966, but the putschists failed this time as well.
In 1974, Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam carried out a coup with Soviet help. Soon after, in August 1975, the emperor died in prison. There was even speculation that he had been assassinated. A Marxist regime was then installed in Ethiopia.
Haile Selassie s brigádním generálem Danielem Sandfordem (vlevo) a plukovníkem Wingatem (vpravo) v pevnosti Dambacha po jejím dobytí, 15. dubna 1941.
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snazim se stale pochopit duvody, proc se Italie snazila obsadit oblast africkeho rohu, mista, kde se i v soucasnosti nachazeji ty nejchudsi staty Afriky (potazmo celeho sveta). A at koukam na ekonomicky vyvoj Etiopie jak chci, nedari se mi tam najit nic tak zasadniho, co by stalo za invazi dvousettisicove armady. To vse jen kvuli pocitu vlastneni nejakeho uzemi? Nebo kvuli kave? co bylo tou racionalni pricinou teto valky?
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to bolo podla mna skvor aby nieco dokazali sebe a svetu a nasli si vahovo asi naslabsieho supera... mozno sa mylim ale tak mi to logika hovori a navyse ostanta cas Afriky bola uz rozparcelovana tak sa nechceli niekoho "nastavat"
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asi, ale vybrali si podle me uplne nejhorsi cast sveta teda
btw, jeste mi neni jasna role Haile Selassie v rastafarianstvi, co tak koukam na wikinu, tak to byl jeden z ustrednich "prvku", dokonce povazovan za reinkarnaci Jezise na zemi, ale nechapu proc, resp. kde k tomu prisel a jake je spojeni Jamaiky a Etiopie, jak prisli zrovna na nej?
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uplne suhlasim ale ked emocie prevladaju nad rozumom.... a to v tej dobe letelo, vobec sa asi italovia nezamyslali ze doma maju plno hladnych krkov a ne moc vykonnu ekonomiku a este potrebovali si pribrat dalsie hladove krky, ale jak hovorim asi nerozmyslali hlavou...
no a co sa tyka Selassieho ze si hovoril ze je reinkarnacia to sa mu dosti lahko presvedcilo jeho nie velmi vzdelany kmen ktory mu uverili ale to s jamaikou tak to nemam paru jakym sposobom sa to stalo...
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Pro počátky náboženskéko hnutí rastafariánství neboli rastafari byl důležitý jamajský černošský aktivista Marcus Mosiah Garvey, jenž v roce 1920 prorokoval nástup černého krále – mesiáše: „Pohleďte k Africe, kde černý král bude korunován, protože den vysvobození je blízko.“ Když byl pak roku 1930 v Habeši (současná Etiopie) korunován černošský císař Haile Selassie, který tak získal i tituly Král králů, Pán pánů, Vítězící lev z kmene Judova, znamenalo to pro mnohé jasné naplnění Garveyho proroctví. Podle císařova předkorunovačního titulu a jména – rás Tafari Makonnen – také rastafariáni odvodili své jméno: rastafari.
