Adams, John

     
Příjmení:
Surname:
Adams Adams
Jméno:
Given Name:
John John
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
-
Fotografie či obrázek:
Photograph or Picture:
Hodnost:
Rank:
- -
Akademický či vědecký titul:
Academic or Scientific Title:
? ?
Šlechtický titul:
Hereditary Title:
- -
Datum, místo narození:
Date and Place of Birth:
30.10.1735 Braintree (nyní Quincy) /
30.10.1735 Braintree (nyní Quincy) /
Datum, místo úmrtí:
Date and Place of Decease:
04.07.1826 Quincy
04.07.1826 Quincy
Nejvýznamnější funkce:
(maximálně tři)
Most Important Appointments:
(up to three)
2. prezident USA
1. viceprezident USA
vyslanec USA ve Velké Británii a v Nizozemí
2nd President of the United States
1st Vice President of the United States
United States Ambassador to Great Britain and to Netherlands
Jiné významné skutečnosti:
(maximálně tři)
Other Notable Facts:
(up to three)
právník
člen Federal Party
Lawyer
Federalist
Související články:
Related Articles:
Zdroje:
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_adams
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Adams-John-t22507#321667 Version : 0

John Adams




Second President of the United States, in office 4 Mar 1797 - 3 Mar 1801, Federalist.


He was the son of a farmer from Quincy, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard in 1755, and on his return home became an associate in a prominent Massachusetts law firm. In time he became one of the leading figures of the Massachusetts Whigs. He gained considerable popularity when, in 1765, he spoke out against the so-called Stamp Act (aimed at greater tax collection), calling it invalid because it had not been passed by the colonial legislatures. He moves to Boston in 1768.


In 1770, he took up the defense of British soldiers who shot several civilians in self-defense during the so-called "Boston Massacre". His courageous and moral conduct was positively applauded by the public, and in 1771 he was elected to Congress by a wide margin.

He attended both Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1778, at which he fully supported George Washington. In 1775 he became fully involved in Congress in the work of uniting the country. His main contribution was in the naval committee, where he promoted the idea of "Without a navy there is no nation!". This is also why he is often referred to as the father of the US Navy. He was also one of the main allies of Representative Richard Howard Lee in his push for the creation of the Declaration of Independence. He was subsequently elected on June 8, along with Jefferson, Franklin, Sherman, and Livingston to the committee that was to draft the Declaration. Although the recorder was Jefferson, Adams is considered its principal author.


In 1778 he became an adjutant in France, but was soon called back to the United States to help write the Massachusetts Constitution (approved 1780), as one of the best lawyers of his day. In 1779, he became the chief negotiator for peace between the US and Great Britain.
In 1785, he became U.S. ambassador to King George III.


In 1789, he became the first Vice President of the United States and again held the office from 1792. Adams was not, after the resignation of Washington, who declined to run for a third term as president, the favorite. His opponents resented his stubbornness and severity. But the able Alexander Hamilton made too many enemies as Secretary of the Treasury. So the Federalists had no choice but to support Adams, which Hamilton had a hard time accepting and managed to split both the Federalist Party and the government with his actions before the presidential election. Nevertheless, John Adams was elected in 1796, the 2nd President of the United States (after defeating Jefferson, who became his recalcitrant Vice President, who would later openly oppose him). His main contribution as president was to spark a war with France, which was imminent after the signing of the so-called Jay Treaty, which guaranteed significant commercial advantages for the US in the English colonies. It is claimed that he was particularly successful because he bribed the then Secretary of State, Directory Talleyrand, with $250,000.


Unfortunately, despite his foreign policy successes, he soon became very unpopular due to the four laws he managed to get through. The first law extended the length of time an alien had to reside in the U.S. to gain citizenship from five to fourteen years. The second law gave the president the authority to expel dangerous aliens for two years. The third act allowed the president to deport or imprison aliens in time of war. And the fourth law made it a felony to conspire against the lawful measures of the government and even to interfere with or criticize a public official.


The public regarded these laws as outrageously harsh. Therefore, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, believing that the Federalists were trying to gain as much power for their party as possible and weaken Congress, decided to act. They therefore drafted resolutions that were based on the idea that the central government was based on the agreement of the states, and they could override unconstitutional decisions of the government. Madison's resolution was passed in Virginia and Jefferson's in Kentucky. In the election of 1800, Adams was supported by New England, but opposed by the entire South. In addition, his "friend" Hamilton sided with the other side, which eventually supported Jefferson, who became the 3rd President of the United States. Adams cannot be denied that he succeeded in stabilizing the central government. His own inability to pull the masses with him and win the support of the population greatly declassed his actions. He was the first "tenant" of the yet-to-be-built White House.


He died (the same day, the same year Jefferson died) on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence...


source:
Petr Mareš Presidents of the United States, col.authors - US History to 1945

Adams, John - Američtí pověřenci předběžné mírové dohody s Velkou Británií
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=868138

Američtí pověřenci předběžné mírové dohody s Velkou Británií
commons.wikimedia.org

Adams, John - Na obraze Johna Trumbulla Deklarace nezávislosti je zachycen Výbor pěti, který předkládá svůj návrh Kongresu. Adams je zobrazen uprostřed s rukou na boku
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180069

Na obraze Johna Trumbulla Deklarace nezávislosti je zachycen Výbor pěti, který předkládá svůj návrh Kongresu. Adams je zobrazen uprostřed s rukou na boku
commons.wikimedia.org

URL : https://www.valka.cz/Adams-John-t22507#109406 Version : 0
President John Adams


(1735 - 1826)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Adams-John-t22507#85121 Version : 0
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