Pevnost Gibraltar

Fort Gibraltar
     
Název:
Name:
Pevnost Gibraltar Fort Gibraltar
Originální název:
Original Name:
Fort Gibraltar
Další názvy:
Other Names:
The Rock
Obec:
Municipality:
Gibraltar Gibraltar
GPS souřadnice:
GPS Coordinates:
36°06'58.64"N 5°20'45.59"W
Fotografie nebo nákres:
Photo or Sketch:
Typ pevnostního komplexu:
Type of Fortress Complex:
bastionový komplex bastion complex
Vyšší pevnostní celek:
Upper Fortress Complex:
- -
Části pevnostního komplexu:
Components of the Fortress Complex:
- -
Zahájení stavby:
Start of Construction:
DD.MM.1068
Dokončení stavby:
Completion of Construction:
DD.MM.1945
Výzbroj:
Armament:
- -
Posádka:
Crew:
-
Bojové využití:
Combat Use:
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1309 dobyt Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1316 obležen Araby
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1333 dobyt Araby
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1349 obležen Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1350 obležen Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1374 obležen Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1436 obležen Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1462 dobyt Španěly
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1467 španělská občanská válka
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1506 španělská občanská válka
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1704 dobyt Brity
DD.MM.1704-DD.MM.1705 obležen Španěly a Francouzi
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1727 obležen Španěly
DD.MM.1779-DD.MM.1783 obležen Španěly a Francouzi
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1309 captured by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1316 besieged by the Arabs
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1333 captured by the Arabs
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1349 besieged by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1350 besieged by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1374 besieged by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1436 besieged by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1462 captured by the Spanish
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1467 Spanish Civil War
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1506 Spanish Civil War
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1704 captured by the British
DD.MM.1704-DD.MM.1705 besieged by the Spanish and the French
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.1727 besieged by the Spanish
DD.MM.1779-DD.MM.1783 besieged by the Spanish and the French
Současný stav:
Current Condition:
zachovalý well maintained
Přístupnost:
Accessibility:
přístupno v návštěvních hodinách open during visiting hours
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Darrren Fa a Clive Finlayson -The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068-1945 (Oxford a New York 2006)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Gibraltar-t35517#431746 Version : 0
Gibraltar is a british overseas territory (formerly a crown colony) situated on a rocky peninsula jutting out into the Gibraltar strait and connecting the Mediterranean sea with the Atlantic ocean. The rock of gibraltar, on which (and in which) it is built fortress with an adjacent town, is a long 4.6 km, a wide of 1.25 km and a high of 425 meters above sea level In ancient times was called Calpe and along with african Apyle at the opposite of the african Ceuta formed the so-called Heraklovy columns – the end of the ancient world. 711 landed at this place the army of the Arabs and moroccan Berbers (Moors), led by commander Tárikem Ibn Zijádem. Since then, the rock Calpe called "Džabal al Tariq" (Tárikova rock), or today's "Gibraltar". From this point started the muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula, controlled at that time by the christian Visigoths, who after the demise of the Western roman empire undergo the (also christian) hispanořímské population.

In the course of its existence it was Gibraltar a total of fourteen times besieged. Important in particular: the siege of the first (1309), when it first acquired the Spaniards, the third (1333), when it again lost, the eighth (1462), when were the Moors the Spaniards finally expelled, the eleventh (1704), when it was Gibraltar during the war of the Spanish succession occupied the netherlands-british expeditionary corps, and the final fourteen (1779-1783), when at the time of the american war for independence, Spain declared Great Britain the war and with the help of France unsuccessfully attempted to Gibraltar to get back...

Fourteenth siege (the so-called "Great") began in July 1779, Gibraltar drew spain-the French army on the strength of 40 000 men and 246 guns, led by the French general Louis de Des Balbes Berton de Crillon. The british governor George Augustus Eliott was available around 6 000 troops and 96 guns, due to the nature of the battlefield that were, however, forces more than sufficient. The only land approach to the city walls was only from the north, along a narrow isthmus (now it goes through the airport runway), so the odds the tree could not apply...

In order to strengthen the defensive line offered to governor Eliott reward for anyone who solves the location of the at least one cannon at the northernmost extremity of the rock of gibraltar, the rock pillar called "The Notch". With the solution came to member of the company of military armorers (Company of Military Artificers) sergeant-major Henry Ince, who proposed to transport the cannon to the top of the outcropping of rock tunnel (galleries).

Work began to 25. may 1782 under the expert supervision of engineer lieutenant John Evelegha. In February 1783 through Inceho men, using in addition to the hand tools also gunpowder, in rock 113 metres long tunnel, called the "Windsor gallery". Because the ventilation gases after odstřelech had to into the walls of the tunnel break in through the vents, pointing to the spain-French lines. It wasn't long before someone from the British realized that these holes could serve as loopholes – and from the original communication tunnel immediately became a shooting gallery, mounted with four guns...

The work continued even after the end of the siege. By the end of the year 1783 was the Windsor gallery extended for a further 87 meters (about 200 m) and reached its original goal – the salient Notch. Place on the top decking, however, headed into the heart of the salient, where he was vyrubán the great Hall of st. George (St. George's Hall). In it was placed a battery of seven guns. In addition to the corridors and fire habitats were of course gradually excavated and adjacent areas for the crew and storage of supplies and munitions, for example, a two-story "Cornwallisova chamber (Cornwallis Chamber)...

From St. George's Hall was later punctured the tunnel, leading to the east flank of the rock of gibraltar. Because the mouth of the tunnel leading to the east, where lies Jerusalem, was called the tunnel "the Holy land" ("Holyland tunnel"), In its mouth was built platform with views of the bay and Catalan Bay and the Mediterranean sea. Currently (2011) this tunnel is for security reasons for visitors to closed...

Link to the topic about the museum :Gibraltar - Tunnels from the Great siege
Gibraltar - the Great Siege Tunnels

Sources:
- Darrren Fa and Clive Finlayson -The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068-1945 (Oxford and New York 2006)
- http://www.warmuseums.nl/gal/135gal.htm
- http://www.gibnet.com/history/index.htm
- www.gibraltarportal.com
- www.gibraltarvisit.com
- www.andalucia-life.com.
Pevnost Gibraltar - Gibraltarská skála od severu

Gibraltarská skála od severu
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Gibraltar-t35517#400566 Version : 0
Gibraltar today... (1)


Sources:
the internet and my own archives.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Gibraltar-t35517#400571 Version : 0
I found the sight of the rock casemates of the napoleonic wars.
Pevnost Gibraltar - kasematy z napoleonských válek

kasematy z napoleonských válek
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Gibraltar-t35517#239731 Version : 0

Diskuse

For clarification of codes Britain and the overseas territories

GBZ - Gibratlar
GBM - Isle of Man
GBJ - Jersey (channel islands)

GBR - United Kingdom.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Gibraltar-t35517#131498 Version : 0
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