Tank typ 61

Type 61 Tank
61式戦車 / ろくいちしきせんしゃ
     
Název:
Name:
Tank typ 61 Type 61 Tank
Originální název:
Original Name:
61式戦車 / ろくいちしきせんしゃ
Kategorie:
Category:
hlavní bojový tank main battle tank
Výrobce:
Producer:
DD.MM.1961-DD.MM.1970 New Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Tokio
DD.MM.1970-DD.MM.1975 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Sagamihara
Období výroby:
Production Period:
DD.MM.1961-DD.MM.1975
Vyrobeno kusů:
Number of Produced:
560
Prototyp vyroben:
Prototype Built:
DD.MM.1957
Osádka:
Crew:
4
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Bojová hmotnost:
Combat Weight:
35000 kg 77162 lb
Délka s kanónem dopředu:
Length with Gun Forward:
8190 mm 26 ft 10 ⅜ in
Délka korby:
Hull Length:
6300 mm 20 ft 8 in
Celková šířka:
Overall Width:
2950 mm 9 ft 8 ⅛ in
Celková výška:
Overall Height:
3160 mm 10 ft 4 ⅜ in
Světlá výška:
Ground Clearance:
400 mm 1 ft 3 ¾ in
Šířka pásu:
Track Width:
500 mm 1 ft 7 ¾ in
Měrný tlak:
Ground Pressure:
0,95 MPa 137.79 psi
Pancéřování:
Armour:
Korba:
Čelní pancíř: 46 mm
Boční stěny korby: 25 mm
Zadní stěna korby: 25 mm
Strop korby: 15 mm
Dno korby: ?

Věž:
Čelo věže : 64 mm
Boky věže: 40 mm
Zadní stěna věže: 20 mm
Strop věže: ?
Hull:
Front Armor: 1,81in
The side walls of the bucket: 0,98in
The rear wall of the bucket: 0,98in
Ceiling Hull: 0,59in
The bottom of the bucket: ?

Turret:
The face of the tower: 2,52in
The sides of the tower: 1,57in
The rear wall of the tower: 0,79in
The ceiling of the tower: ?
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Typ:
Type:
čtyřtaktní vznětový motor s turbokompresorem a přímým vstřikem Mitsubishi Typ 12 HM 21 WT (V-12)
- počet válců: 12

four-stroke diesel engine with turbocharged direct injection type Mitsubishi Type 12 HM 21 WT (V-12)
- number of cylinder: 12


Výkon:
Power:
447 kW při 2100 ot/min 599.4 bhp at 2100 rpm
Převodové ústrojí:
Transmission:
Manuální převodovka s 5 rychlostí vpřed a 1 vzad.

Manual transmission with 5 gears forward and 1 reverse.

Výkony:
Performance:
 
Rychlost na silnici:
Road Speed:
45 km/h 28 mph
Rychlost v terénu:
Cross-country Speed:
? km/h ? mph
Jízdní dosah po silnici:
Cruising Range on Road:
200 km 124 mi
Jízdní dosah v terénu:
Cross-country Cruising Range:
? km ? mi
Překonávání překážek:
Obstacles Crossing:
 
Svah:
Gradient:
27 ° 60 %
Boční náklon:
Side Slope:
18 ° 40 %
Překročivost:
Trench Crossing:
2,50 m 98 in
Výstupnost:
Vertical Obstacle:
0,70 m 28 in
Brodivost:
Fording Depth:
0,99 m 39 in
Výzbroj:
Armament:
 
Hlavní:
Main:
Kanón M36 ráže 90 mm, palebný průměr 50 kusů nábojů.

M36 cannon caliber 90 mm, diameter 50 pieces of firing shells

Vedlejší:
Secondary:
Kulomet Browning M1919A4 ráže 7,62 mm spřažený s kanónem, palebný průměr 4 000 kusů nábojů.

Protiletadlový kulomet M2HB ráže 12,7 mm, palebný průměr 525 kusů nábojů.

U pozdějších typů 2x3 zadýmovací granátomety.

Browning M1919A4 machine gun 7.62 mm coaxial with the gun, firing an average 4,000 pieces of ammunition,

Anti-aircraft machine gun M2HB 12.7 mm caliber, firing an average 525 pieces of ammunition

For the later types 2x3 grenade smoke generator.

Uživatelské státy:
User States:
Poznámka:
Note:
měrný výkon: 12,8 kW / t specific power: 12.8 kW / t
Zdroje:
Sources:
Miloš Soukup Tanky druhé - 3. díl, vydala Vojenská akademie v Brně a nakladatelství Ace - video ve spolupráci s redakcí časopisu armády technické (ATM), první vydání, Praha 1995, ISBN 80-85960-02-8.

Christopher F. Foss: Jane tanky - průvodce uznání, publikoval John Vašut, první české vydání v roce 2000 ISBN 80-7236-079-5

Tanky Magazine - sbírka obrněných vozidel č. 15 vydané v roce 2007, editoři PRESS-Pygmalion v Českém Těšíně

http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Typ61.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_61
www.historyofwar.org
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Tank-typ-61-t659#404393 Version : 0
Type 61


Development

In 1954, he began the Japanese self-defense forces to deal with the idea of the project of the new tank, which should replace the outdated american tanks of the type M47 delivered from the USA. In the year 1957 were made four prototypes, intended for testing. Two prototypes of the tagged STA-1 based on the machine the bottom of the tank Type 4 Chi-To produced in 1944, had seven undercarriage wheels and four supporting rollers on both sides of the hull. The other two prototypes of the tagged STA-2 should six the travel of the wheels and the three supporting rollers on both sides of the hull. The designers of the two prototypes clearly based on the american tank M47 which new tanks to a large extent similar. Prototype testing was conducted in the end of the 1960's. The result of testing brought the decision to use the serial production of the machine the bottom of the STA-2, fitted with six pojezdovými reels and three pulleys on both sides of the hull. The tower is structurally different from the american original M47 only in the small details. As the main weapon was elected a tank cannon M36, again taken from the american machines M47. On the basis of these design solutions were made the other two prototypes under the designation STA-3 and STA-4 (together was made 10 prototypes), which are from subsequent serial pieces differed only in minor structural adjustments. The new tank was designated the Type 61 and the serial production was started in the year 1962. Contract for the production of the tank received the company Maruko, which is part of the group of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. In 1962, it was made just 10 pieces of tank Type 61. And in the following year, 1963, the factory produced only 10 specimens of the new tank. The year 1964, however, have brought a doubling of production and the production line of the company Maruko left 20 pieces of new tanks. In the years 1965 to 1966 there was a further gradual increase in the production of 30 pieces a year. Most tanks were produced in the year 1970, when from the production lines came 250 new machines. To the end of production in 1971, was produced and delivered by the japanese armored units 560 units tank Type 61.
Even in 1990, in active service of the 400 units of these machines. In 1995, the then japanese armored units still use mainly in the training of 190 pieces of tank Type 61.
Tank Type 61 was the first post-war tank produced by the japanese arms industry, and can be described as a tank of the first generation. The modernization of the tank the Type 61 was very limited and did some subtle structural details. For example, the incorporation of the stabilizer of a gun it was for economic reasons done, because the tank Type 61 was from 1975, gradually being replaced by more modern tank Type 74.


Korba and the tower

Tank Type 61 is a classic design. Body of the tank was welded from the armor plates. Sloped frontal armor passes in the upper part of the horizontal ceiling of the hull, which stretches along the entire length of the tank. The driving compartment is in the front right part of the hull, just before the tower. Příklop the driver was a one-piece and odklápěl with the direction on the right side. When driving in a combat position, used the driver three gun, placed in front of the hatchway in the body armor.
Tower of cast armor, oval in shape, was established in the central part of the hull. During its construction it was from the tower of the american tank M47, from which it differed mainly by the dimensions of the in its back part. The rear of the tower was extended similarly as the case of the us tank destroyer M36 Jackson. This adjustment increased the internal space of the tower and the site has been used for the location of the radio station, and for the extension of the space of the crew. The tower was equipped with a cannon of the caliber of 90 mm.In the right side of the tower was the habitat of the shooter, and behind him the master, the left side was reserved for the chargers. The habitat commander was equipped with a command turret in the right part of the ceiling of the tower. Was equipped with four gun and a gun for anti-aircraft machine gun 12.7 mm.
In the rear part of the hull was the engine compartment. The exhausts were placed on the wings, above the fourth and fifth pojezdovým around on both sides of the hull.



Armor protection of the tank

Korba
Frontal armor: 46 mm
The side walls of the top: 25 mm
The rear wall of the bucket: 25 mm
The ceiling of the top: 15 mm
The bottom of the bucket: ?

the Tower
The forehead of the tower : 64 mm
The hips of the tower: 40 mm
The rear wall of the tower: 20 mm
The ceiling of the tower: ?


The relatively weak armor, it was considered one of the weaknesses of the tank Type 61. Korba and tower provide osádce protection against missiles from infantry weapons and shell fragments from artillery shells.


Chassis, engine and gearbox

Chassis was made up of six pojezdovými wheels on both sides of the hull, the motion of the mass torzními bars. The first, second, fifth and sixth running round after both sides of the hull was equipped with a hydraulic shock absorber. The driving wheel was at the front and fitted at the rear. The upper branch of the pojezdového tract was formed by three supporting rollers on both sides of the hull. The track belt is wide 500 mm. The length of the contact area between the belt and the terrain was 3 700 mm.

The Tank was powered by a 12válcovým four-stroke compression-ignition engine, přeplňovaným sectional view of a turbocharger with direct fuel injection type Mitsubishi Type 12 WT 21 WT (V-12) on the performance of 447 kW at 2 100 rpm./min. The engine had a relatively high fuel consumption, which reduced the range of the tank at only 200 km on the road.

Tank Type 61 was the only tank in the world entered into service after 1945 with the placement of the gear in the front part of the hull on the left side from the driver. This way of storing the gearbox proved to be a further weakness of the tank. Torque transmission between the engine and the transmission to provide a drive shaft, which has been stored across the body of the vehicle and therefore of the battle space. This resulted in a relatively large loss of space inside the vehicle. Subsequently, the maintenance or possible replacement of the damaged shaft has been a challenging and complicated.

Torque transmission from the engine to the chassis to provide for a mechanical gearbox with 5 ratios for driving forward and 1 reverse.


the Main armament and ammunition

The main armament of the tank formed the american cannon M36 caliber of 90 mm, produced under license by the japanese firm Japan Steel Works. It was equipped with jednokomorovou úsťovou brake in the shape of the letter T. For úsťovou brake was placed in the ejector. The cannon was not equipped with a stabilizer, which greatly reduced the accuracy of the shooting while in motion. The elevation of a gun was awarded to a motor, in case of emergency manually. The rotation of the tower was also a motor, or manual.
Vezený palebný an average of 50 pieces of ammo, the caliber of 90 mm.


the Additional armament and ammunition

Additional armament of the tank formed a machine gun type of Browning M1919A4 caliber 7,62 mm yoked with a cannon. On the command turret was then lafetován anti-aircraft machine gun M2HB calibre of 12,7 mm. In the later specimens have been added to the three zadýmovací grenade launchers on both sides of the rear part of the tower. Vezený palebný average at the coupled machine gun 4 000 pieces of ammunition caliber 7,62 mm and with an anti-aircraft gun 525 pieces of ammo.


Optical devices

The commander of the tank had available four panoramic gun placed around the perimeter of the command turrets, allowing the monitoring of the battlefield in 360 degrees. Furthermore, it was the command post equipped with a permanent forward pointed into the periscope is sedminásobným magnification and optical rangefinder was interesting with dvanáctinásobným magnification.
The habitat of the shooter was equipped with a viewing device with a sedminásobným magnification and periscope fourfold magnification.
Charger had at their station available stable periscope fourfold magnification.
Tank driver could monitor the driving space of the three stable periskopů fourfold magnification. One was placed facing in the direction of travel. The remaining two were placed slightly obliquely to the direction of the drive and allow drivers to better monitor the situation after the sides of the tank.


Systems for the survival of the crew

The Tank was not equipped with a filtroventilačním device against WMD and therefore the crew had to use the resources for the protection of the individual. In the uk, the vehicle was not even the fire-fighting equipment. Some tanks were equipped with infrared device for conducting combat operations at night and in reduced visibility. The driver has a central periscope at their station, to replace the active infrared periscope. Without training could tank wading into the depth of 0,99 m.


Derived version:

Type 61 SGL - version with with zadýmovacími grenade launchers
Type 70 - recovery tank on the machine the bottom of the tank Type 61
Type 67 - bridge tank on the machine the bottom of the tank Type 61
Type 67 - engineer tank on the machine the bottom of the tank Type 61



Sources:

Ing Milos Soukup Tanks 2. - 3. part, released the Military academy in Brno and Publishing Ace - video in cooperation with the editors of the Army technical magazine ( ATM), the first edition of the Prague 1995, ISBN 80-85960-02-8.

Christopher F. Foss: Jane's Tanks - a Guide for the recognition, published by publishing house of Jan Vašut, the first Czech edition of 2000 ISBN 80-7236-079-5

Magazine Tanks - a collection of armored vehicles no 15 issued in 2007, the editors of a PRESS-PYGMALION in Český Těšín

http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Typ61.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_61
www.historyofwar.org
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ST-A1 - built bol one prototype, after ktorom nasledovala ďalšia trojica prototypov ST-A2, ST-A3 (automatic nabíjací system) and ST-A4 (finálna form that sa sériovo vyrábala under the designation Type 61)..
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