AMX-30B2

     
Název:
Name:
AMX-30B2 AMX-30B2
Originální název:
Original Name:
AMX-30B2
Kategorie:
Category:
hlavní bojový tank main battle tank
Výrobce:
Producer:
DD.MM.1981-DD.MM.1989 Atelier de Construction de Roanne, Roanne
Období výroby:
Production Period:
DD.MM.1981-DD.MM.1989 ?
Vyrobeno kusů:
Number of Produced:
3571 (všechny verze / all versions)

AMX-30B2:
- Francie / France: 166 (novovýroba / new-built) + 493 (přestavba ze starších tanků / rebuilt from older tanks)
- Katar / Qatar: 30
- Kypr / Cyprus: 52
Prototyp vyroben:
Prototype Built:
DD.MM.1979
Osádka:
Crew:
4
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Bojová hmotnost:
Combat Weight:
37700 kg 83114 lb
Délka s kanónem dopředu:
Length with Gun Forward:
9480 mm 31 ft 1 ¼ in
Délka korby:
Hull Length:
6590 mm 21 ft 7 ½ in
Celková šířka:
Overall Width:
3100 mm 10 ft 2 in
Celková výška:
Overall Height:
2860 mm 9 ft 4 ⅝ in
Světlá výška:
Ground Clearance:
450 mm 1 ft 5 ¾ in
Šířka pásu:
Track Width:
570 mm 1 ft 10 ½ in
Měrný tlak:
Ground Pressure:
0,079 MPa 11.46 psi
Pancéřování:
Armour:
Korba
Čelní pancíř: 79 mm
Boční stěny korby: 57 mm
Zadní stěna korby: 30 mm
Strop korby: 20 mm
Dno korby: 20 mm

Věž
Čelo věže : 80 mm
Boky věže: 42 mm
Zadní stěna věže: 50 mm
Strop věže: 20 mm
Hull
Front Armor: 3,11in
The side walls of the bucket: 2,24in
The rear wall of the bucket: 1,18in
Ceiling Hull: 0,79in
Hull Bottom: 0,79in

Turret
The face of the tower: 3,15in
The sides of the tower: 1,65in
The rear wall of the tower: 1,97in
The ceiling of the tower: 0,79in
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Typ:
Type:
vodou chlazený přeplňovaný vícepalivový motor Hispano – Suiza HS 110-2
- počet válců: 12
water-cooled turbo multifuel engine Hispano - Suiza HS 110-2
- cylinder number: 12
Výkon:
Power:
529 kW při 2600 ot/min 709 bhp at 2600 rpm
Převodové ústrojí:
Transmission:
poloautomatická převodovka typu Minerva ENC-200 s 5 rychlostními stupni pro jízdu vpřed a 1 vzad semi-automatic Minerva ENC-200 gearbox with 5 gears forward and 1 reverse
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Rychlost na silnici:
Road Speed:
65 km/h 40 mph
Rychlost v terénu:
Cross-country Speed:
45 km/h 28 mph
Jízdní dosah po silnici:
Cruising Range on Road:
600 km 373 mi
Jízdní dosah v terénu:
Cross-country Cruising Range:
450 km 280 mi
Překonávání překážek:
Obstacles Crossing:
 
Svah:
Gradient:
27 ° 60 %
Boční náklon:
Side Slope:
14 ° 30 %
Překročivost:
Trench Crossing:
2,9 m 114 in
Výstupnost:
Vertical Obstacle:
0,93 m 37 in
Brodivost:
Fording Depth:
1,3 m 51 in
Výzbroj:
Armament:
 
Hlavní:
Main:
Kanón GIAT CN-105 F-1 ráže 105 mm, vezený palebný průměr 47 ks nábojů. Cannon GIAT CN-105 F-1 caliber 105 mm, ammunition 47 rounds.
Vedlejší:
Secondary:
Rychlopalný kanón GIAT M693 ráže 20 mm spřažený s hlavním kanónem, vezený palebný průměr 480 ks nábojů.

Protiletadlový kulomet FN1 ráže 7,62 mm, vezený palebný průměr 2070 nábojů.
Rapid-fire cannon GIAT M693 20mm coaxial with the main gun, ammunition 480 rounds.

Anti-aircraft machine gun 7.62 mm FN1, ammunition 2070 rounds.
Uživatelské státy:
User States:




Poznámka:
Note:
Brodivost:
- s přípravou: 2,27 m
- s nástavcem pro hluboké brodění: 4,0 m

Objem palivové soustavy: 970 l
Měrný výkon: 13,70 kW/t
Fording Depth:
- with preparation: 89 in
- with extension for deep fording: 157.5 in

Fuel system: 970 l
Specific power output: 13.70 kW/t
Zdroje:
Sources:
Miloš Soukup: Moderní vojenská technika Tanky 1. díl, vydala Military System Line s.r.o jako druhé nezměněné vydání v roce 1999, ISBN 80-85960-00-1.
Christopher F. Foss: Jane′s Tanky - Příručka pro rozpoznávání, vydalo nakladatelství Jan Vašut, první české vydání v roce 2000 ISBN 80-7236-079-5
Chris Bishop: Velká encyklopedie Moderní vojenské zbraně, vydalo nakladatelství Svojtka v roce 2004 jako první české vydání, ISBN 80-7237-863-5
Christopher Chant: Encyklopedie tanků, vydalo nakladatelství MUSTANG s.r.o jako první vydání v Plzni 1997, ISBN 80-7191-226-3
Roger Ford: Nejslavnější tanky od roku 1916 do současnosti, vydalo nakladatelství Václav Svojtka v roce 1998 v Praze, jako první české vydání, ISBN 80-7237-039-1
Časopis Tanky - kolekce pancéřových vozidel č.2 vydaný v roce 2007 redakcí PRESS-PYGMALION v Českém Těšíně
http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/amx30b2.htm
www.onwar.com
http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product3497.html
www.chars-francais.net
olivier.carneau.free.fr
URL : https://www.valka.cz/AMX-30B2-t70961#404564 Version : 0
AMX-30B2


Development


The AMX-30B2 tank was the last upgrade of the French AMX-30 series of tanks. Development began in 1977. The tank was inducted into the armament of the French Army in 1982. 659 units of this tank were produced or upgraded (from the original AMX-30) for French needs. According to various sources, the phasing out of this tank from the armament of the French army was to begin after 2000.


As part of the upgrade to the AMX-30B2 type, the tank was equipped with a gun stabilisation system and a new APX M581 COTAC integrated fire control system. Furthermore, as part of the upgrade, the optical instruments were replaced, the power unit was modernized and the tank received a new type of transmission. The hull, turret, armour protection and weapons remained the same as the AMX-30.



Turret and hull


The tank is characterized by a relatively low silhouette, a rounded, tortoise shell-like shape of the turret, not very typical of tanks of Western design. The hull of the tank is welded from rolled armour plates. The frontal armour is sloping and transitions into a flat hull ceiling at the top. The driver's compartment is located in the left front part of the hull.The tank's turret is made of cast armour and is located in the central part of the hull. It is equipped with a 105 mm cannon. In the right part of the turret is the commander's and gunner's station, in the left part the loader's station. On the side of the loader there is a hole in the turret for refilling ammunition and for ejecting empty cartridges after firing. In the right part of the turret ceiling there is a command turret of the TOP7 type consisting of ten periscopes placed around its perimeter. It is equipped with a one-piece hatch and a trapdoor for a 7,62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun. In front of the turret there is an armoured cover for the commander's periscope. Two smoke grenade launchers are located at the rear of the turret on both sides. On the side walls of the turret there are welded baskets for various equipment and crew gear. The engine compartment is located at the rear of the hull. The exhausts are located on the fenders above the drive wheels on both sides of the tank.



Armour protection of the tank


Hull
Frontal armour: 79 mm
Hull side walls: 57 mm
Hull rear wall: 30 mm
Hull ceiling: 20 mm
Hull bottom: 20 mm


Tower
Tower front : 80 mm
Tower sides : 42 mm
Tower rear wall : 50 mm
Tower ceiling : 20 mm


The armour protection of the AMX-30B2 tank is generally considered to be weak. It protects the crew from small arms fire, small arms fire and artillery shells. However, according to tank experts, even the frontal armour is not able to withstand most types of current anti-tank missiles.


In view of these facts, two regiments of the French Army were armed with AMX-30 Brenus F1 tanks in 1995. Which is an AMX-30B2 tank equipped with a reactive armour system developed by Brenus. This consists of 112 pieces of plates weighing 10 kg ( 400 g of explosive).



Chassis, engine and transmission

The tank's chassis consists of five running wheels on either side of the hull, suspended by torsion bars. The first four wheels are arranged in pairs in two-wheel running gears, the last wheel is suspended independently. The first and last running wheels are equipped with a hydraulic shock absorber. The drive wheel is at the rear and the tension wheel at the front. The upper branch of the running gear consists of five supporting pulleys on both sides of the body. Some AMX-30B2 tanks are equipped with a protective shield for the upper running gear. The track has 83 links, weighs 1580 kg and is 570 mm wide. The length of the contact area between the track and the ground is 4 120 mm.


The tank is powered by an upgraded Hispano - Suiza HS 110-2 12-cylinder water-cooled supercharged multi-fuel engine with a power output of 507 kW at 2400 rpm. The engine is equipped with a more powerful turbocharger which increases its power by 25 kW. In addition, the cooling system of the engine has been improved. The engine can use petrol, diesel or a mixture of petroleum derivatives and alcohol as fuel, which significantly eliminates fuel supply problems during a potential war conflict.
The tank engine provides good manoeuvrability. It was designed to be replaced in the field by three trained mechanics in 45 minutes.


The tank's propulsion system consists of a hydrokinetic transmission with a locking clutch, a semi-automatic transmission type Minerva ENC-200 with 5 forward and 1 reverse gear, dual differentials and side gears


Main armament and ammunition


The main armament of the tank consists of the GIAT CN-105 F-1 105 mm calibre gun, with a rifled bore barrel, made of magnesium alloy, with a thermally insulated jacket and a length of 56 rounds. The gun is stabilised in two planes. It is equipped with a breech wedge with vertical movement. The braking system consists of two hydraulic slide brakes and a pneumatic windlass. The aiming range of the cannon is from -8 degrees to +20 degrees. The full turret is 360 degrees. The turret rotation and gun sighting is powered by the CH-27-1S hydraulic system, which is capable of rotating the turret on its axis (360 degrees) in 12 seconds.


The cannon uses ammunition of the type:

HE (High Explosive) - a fragmentation missile


HEAT ( High Explosive Anti-Tank) - a cumulative projectile with rotational or arrow stabilization
This missile has a mass of 10.95 kg on the AMX-30B2 tank and leaves the gun barrel at a muzzle velocity of 1000 m/s. The cumulative warhead is located inside the missile and is fitted with a ball bearing, this reduces the rotational speed that the missile acquires when passing through the rifled bore of the barrel. This has the effect of increasing the cumulative effect of the projectile beam. The projectile is thus capable of penetrating 400 mm of armour at a distance of 3 000 m on perpendicular impact with the target.


APFSDS (Amor-Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot) - Anti-armour sub-calibre arrow stabilized projectile with tracer
The AMX-30B2 tank uses a missile of this type with a total weight of 5.8 kg. The barrel is exited by a 26 mm diameter, 3.8 kg steel projectile with a tungsten core and an arrow-shaped core at a muzzle velocity of 1,525 m/s. It is capable of penetrating armour with a 60-degree inclination from the perpendicular of 150 mm thick at a distance of 5 000 m upon impact with the target.
Since 1993, the tank crew has been able to use a new APFSDS-type gun ammunition with the French designation OFL-105-E2, which is a sub-calibre missile with a depleted uranium core. When this type of ammunition is used, a threat area up to 100m wide and over 1000m deep is created in front of the tank.


The gun can also fire illumination or smoke missiles (type PH-105-F1). It can also use ammunition used by German LEOPARD 1 tanks or American M60 tanks.
The fire diameter of the gun is 47 rounds of 105 mm calibre ammunition, 19 of which are stored in the lower part of the turret and the remaining 28 rounds in the right front part of the hull next to the driver's compartment.


Additional armament and ammunition


The tank's additional armament consists of a 20 mm GIAT M693 rapid-fire gun coupled to the main gun. It is used to destroy lightly armoured enemy vehicles or low-flying targets and is equipped with a two-way ammunition delivery system. This system consists of storing two types of ammunition, each in its own belt on either side of the gun breech. This allows the shooter to select and feed the rounds into the breech according to the nature of the target being shot. Its rate of fire is up to 7,000 rounds per minute and independent aiming ranges from -8 degrees to +40 degrees. The independent aiming range of up to +40 degrees allows the sniping of mainly enemy helicopters. The gun is operated by the tank commander or gunner.

It uses two types of ammunition:



API (Amor-Piercing Incendiary) - an anti-tank incendiary round
HEI (High Explosive Incendiary) - a charge with a combined triple bursting and incendiary effect


The combined firing diameter is 480 rounds of 20 mm calibre ammunition.


A 7.62 mm FN1 anti-aircraft machine gun is mounted on the conning tower to destroy enemy live fire and low-flying targets. It is operated by the commander. It carries a firing diameter of 2070 rounds of 7,62 mm calibre.


On either side of the rear of the turret are mounted a pair of 80 mm calibre smoke grenade launchers, designed for rapid and covert exit from the battlefield. They use AFR FUM VIR G2 smoke grenades.

Fire control system



As part of the upgrade to the AMX-30B2 type, the tank was equipped with gun stabilization and added a new APX M581 COTAC-type integrated fire control system, based on a ballistic computer, laser rangefinder, passive night vision and residual light camera. The effectiveness of firing on the move, at night and in low visibility has been significantly increased in this equipped tank. The probability of hitting the target with the first shot at a distance of 2000 m is thus around 70%.


The tank commander has at his disposal an APX M496 sight with 8x magnification and stabilized line and an OB-49 sight for firing the 20 mm calibre gun. He can also select the possible installation of the APX M527 panoramic observation and targeting instrument.All instruments have a day and night observation branch.The command turret has ten permanent panoramic periscopes around its perimeter.


The gunner uses an APX M544 type sight with 10x magnification, which is linked to an APX M579 type electronic control system and an APX M550 type laser rangefinder with a range of 10,000 m and an accuracy of 5 m. In addition, the gunner's station is equipped with an APX M282 observation device, a DITV 13 night vision night vision scope for night and low visibility shooting and two fixed panoramic periscopes.


Both the commander and the gunner have at their disposal a ballistic digital fire control computer type APX M241, which is linked to sensors for tank roll, vertical barrel angle and rate of elevation, rate of movement to target, distance to target and meteorological sensors (air temperature and wind speed). The information obtained from these sensors is evaluated by the computer and corrections are automatically introduced into the commander's and gunner's sights. The fire control system then automatically aims the gun barrel at the target. The time taken for these operations leading to the first shot is 12 s.


The tank is also equipped with the CASTOR- LLLTV 13 residual light television camera, which has a viewing range of up to 1,500 m in night conditions and up to 3,900 m on a clear moonlit night. The image captured by the camera is projected on TMV563 monitors located at the commander's and gunner's stations. The camera is located on the frontal armour to the right of the gun.


The loader's station is equipped with an APX M282 observation instrument, a DITV 13 night vision night vision and low visibility night vision night vision night vision scope and two fixed panoramic periscopes.


The tank driver has three fixed panoramic periscopes. In case of night movement, the middle periscope can be replaced by the OB-31-A passive, electro-optical, infrared instrument.



Crew Survival Systems


The tank is equipped with a pressure filtering device against WMD and an automatic fire suppression device. It is capable of wading to a depth of 1.3 m without preparation, to a depth of 2.27 m with preparation and to a depth of 4 m with a deep wading attachment.
AMX-30B2 -


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Version B2 located within the monument Monument National des chars d'assaut
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