Řád železné koruny

Orden der Eisernen Krone
     
Název:
Name:
Řád železné koruny Order of Iron Crown
Název v originále:
Original Name:
Orden der Eisernen Krone
Datum vzniku:
Date of Establishment:
01.01.1816
Datum zániku:
Date of Termination:
DD.MM.1918
Struktura:
Structure:
1.třída - řetěz
- velkokříž
2.třída - komandér
3.třída - rytíř


Pozn.:
Dne 12.2.1860 byla zavedena pro všechny třídy válečná dekorace a v roce 1917 zkřížené meče na stuhy nebo odznaky.
1st Class - Chain
- Grandcross
2nd Class - Commander
3rd Class - Knight


Remark:
War decoration for all classes was established on 12.2.1860. Crossed swords can be added to ribbons or badges since 1917.
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Procházka, Roman von: Österreichisches Ordenshandbuch, München 1974
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rad-zelezne-koruny-t82476#407694 Version : 0
     
Název:
Name:
Řád železné koruny 1. třídy - řetěz Order of Iron Crown 1st Class - Chain
Název v originále:
Original Name:
Orden der Eisernen Krone Collane
Datum vzniku:
Date of Establishment:
01.01.1816
Datum zániku:
Date of Termination:
DD.MM.1918
Komponenty:
Components:
- -
Klenot:
Badge:
- -
Klenot foto avers:
Badge Photo Obverse:
Klenot foto revers:
Badge Photo Reverse:
Hvězda:
Star:
- -
Hvězda foto avers:
Star Photo Obverse:
Hvězda foto revers:
Star Photo Reverse:
Stužka:
Ribbon Bar:
- -
Fotografie:
Photograph:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Procházka, Roman von: Österreichisches Ordenshandbuch, München 1974
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rad-zelezne-koruny-t82476#412059 Version : 0
     
Název:
Name:
Řád železné koruny 1. třídy - velkokříž Order of Iron Crown 1st Class - Grandcross
Název v originále:
Original Name:
Orden der Eisernen Krone I. Klasse - Großkreuz
Datum vzniku:
Date of Establishment:
01.01.1816
Datum zániku:
Date of Termination:
DD.MM.1918
Komponenty:
Components:
- -
Klenot:
Badge:
- -
Klenot foto avers:
Badge Photo Obverse:
Klenot foto revers:
Badge Photo Reverse:
Hvězda:
Star:
- -
Hvězda foto avers:
Star Photo Obverse:
Hvězda foto revers:
Star Photo Reverse:
Stužka:
Ribbon Bar:
- -
Fotografie:
Photograph:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Procházka, Roman von: Österreichisches Ordenshandbuch, München 1974
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rad-zelezne-koruny-t82476#412060 Version : 0
     
Název:
Name:
Řád železné koruny 2. třída Order of Iron Crown 2nd Class
Název v originále:
Original Name:
Orden der Eisernen Krone II. Kl.
Datum vzniku:
Date of Establishment:
01.01.1816
Datum zániku:
Date of Termination:
DD.MM.1918
Komponenty:
Components:
- -
Klenot:
Badge:
- -
Klenot foto avers:
Badge Photo Obverse:
Klenot foto revers:
Badge Photo Reverse:
Hvězda:
Star:
- -
Hvězda foto avers:
Star Photo Obverse:
-
Hvězda foto revers:
Star Photo Reverse:
Stužka:
Ribbon Bar:
- -
Fotografie:
Photograph:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
viz výše
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rad-zelezne-koruny-t82476#407697 Version : 0
     
Název:
Name:
Řád železné koruny 3. třída Order of Iron Crown 3rd Class
Název v originále:
Original Name:
Orden der Eisernen Krone III. Kl.
Datum vzniku:
Date of Establishment:
01.01.1816
Datum zániku:
Date of Termination:
DD.MM.1918
Komponenty:
Components:
- -
Klenot:
Badge:
provedení s meči a válečnou dekorací Variety with swords and war decoration.
Klenot foto avers:
Badge Photo Obverse:
Klenot foto revers:
Badge Photo Reverse:
Hvězda:
Star:
- -
Hvězda foto avers:
Star Photo Obverse:
-
Hvězda foto revers:
Star Photo Reverse:
Stužka:
Ribbon Bar:
- -
Fotografie:
Photograph:
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
viz výše
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Významní – známí členové řádu


Hrabě Saurau (guvernér Lombardie), generál Rudolf Králíček, Conrad von Hötzendorf, Alois Pražák (politik), František Ladislav Rieger, František Palacký, Karel Kořistka (geograf), Emil Holub, Antonín Frič, Antonín Dvořák, Vojtěch Hynais, František Ženíšek, František Křižík, Emil Kolben a další.
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Sample illustration from the Statutes of the Order.
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Detail of a depiction from the statutes of the Order.
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Stanovy rádu železnej koruny z roku 1884. Stanovy sú dvojjazyčné - po nemecky a taliansky. 34 textových strán + 7 grafických tabulí...


zdroj: www.sammlerecke.at
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Austrian Imperial Order of the Iron Crown
Österreichisch-Kaiserlicher Orden der Eisen Krone
Ordre de la Couronne de Fer
Ordine della Corona di Fiero
The Order of the same name was founded by Emperor Napoleon I after his coronation as King of Italy,on 5 June 1805. The Order derives its name from the ancient crown of the Longobard kings. This crown was placed on his head by Napoleon I himself on May 20, 1805, with the words:
Dieu me l´a donnée,gare á gui y touchera (God gave it to me, woe to him who touches it.
This was done in the ancient cathedral of Monza. Napoleon usurped the rights of the King of Longobardo and therefore of all Italy for his own person, regardless of the wishes of the Italian nobility.
The order was intended as the highest reward for services rendered to the King of Italy (Napoleon I), both on the battlefield and in the civil service, and for services to culture and science and the arts.
The jewel of the Order consists of a stylized crown with a ribbon around the crown, which bears the Order's motto. This motto is for the French Knights:
DIEU ME L´A DONNÉE,GARE Á QUI Y TOUCHERA
The motto in Italian for the knights of the Kingdom of Italy, from the ranks of the high Italian nobility, is:
DIO ME L'HA DATA,QUAI A CHI LA TOCCHERA
Description of the Order (see picture)
Six slender spikes protrude or grow from the royal crown, which are blue enamelled.On the front is a gold medallion with the portrait of Emperor Napoleon I. The whole is then surmounted by a French imperial eagle.The ribbon of the order was prescribed orange with a green border.
The Statute decreed that the Order was intended for 620 noble members, knights or dignitaries of the kingdom.The division into classes of the Order was as follows:
20 holders of the Grand Cross (Dignitaires, or highest dignitaries).
100 Commanders
500 knights
but of this number was reserved for French officers and politicians:
5 Grand Crosses
50 comanders
200 knights
The regulation, which was enshrined in the statutes of the Order, also stipulated that it was only possible to obtain a higher degree progressively. (The Grand Crosses were chosen from the Commanders and the Knights from the Knights).
Soon after its foundation and the first awarding of the Order, it became clear that the established "numerus clausus" was too low and did not meet the need to reward deserving citizens and soldiers, Napoleon I, by his decree of 19 December 1807, expanded the number of Knights of the Order by :
15 Grand Crosses
50 comanders
300 knights
Importantly, however, it was decreed that, in addition to the jewel hanging from the Grand Cross, a star should be attached to the Order, worn on the left side of the breast. The star was hexagonal, with a medallion in the centre bearing the likeness of the Emperor Napoleon.The medallion is further surrounded by three imperial eagles and three stylised crowns, which are flanked by the Order's motto in Italian or French.
The award of the Order was an important social event with which people in France could become familiar,where each award was published in the Moniteur and in Italy
Each lucky "Knight of the Order" received a personal letter signed by the Chancellor of the Order, Marescalchio, who was also the Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Italy.This ceremonial personal letter was also a decree of the Order with the name of the recipient and the citizen or soldier could boast the title "Knight of the Kingdom" and the Order also included an annuity of 300 Italian pounds.
Jan Županič, in his work Austro-Hungarian Orders of Merit and the Awarding of Nobility in the Danube Monarchy, states:
"However, these persons only received the corresponding majesty with a coat of arms when they proved an annual income of at least 3000 pounds.Their first-born sons could also inherit the title if they had an annual income of at least 2000 pounds."
The extreme rarity of the order is also evidenced by the fact that from its foundation to 1814 Napoleon I granted or bestowed a total of 1912 orders in all grades.
Remark:
The Iron Crown of Longobard is one of the oldest and rarest surviving diadems in the world, attributed to Queen Theodolinda, daughter of Duke Garibald I of Bavaria (553-590) of the Agilolfing dynasty.This noble lady, after the death of her first husband, King Autharia of Longobard (574-590), married his successor, Agilulf (590-615), and had this crown made for his noble coronation at Monza in 593. This precious relic and relic was owned by Pope Saint Gregory I the Great ( 590-604) while he was serving as papal legate (envoy) in Constantinople. And he gave it to Theodolinda, who had the spike set into the front of the new Longobard crown. From the beginning the Catholic Church considered this crown a very precious relic and this was the reason why this crown became the symbol of the whole kingdom.After the fall and the end of the Longobard Empire in 774, Charlemagne was crowned King of Italy with this Iron Crown and gradually other Roman rulers as Kings of Italy until Charles V in 1530.
This tradition was renewed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1805 on the advice of his loyalists.Again after the fall of Napoleon, when Lombardy became part of the Austrian Empire, Ferdinand I was the last Emperor to be crowned with this crown in 1838.
Today, this unique jewel is kept together with other holy relics in the tabernacle of the altar of the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Monza.Here are also buried and placed the remains of Queen Theodolinda, her husband King Agilulf and his son King Adaloaldo.All are kept in a magnificent sarcophagus made in 1895 by the Italian King Umberto I ( 1878-1900).
Literature:
Vladimir Benda: Two centuries of the Order of the Iron Crown and its important Czech members. Faleristic magazine SIGNUM Brno, March 2005:
Ivan Koláčný:Orders and Decorations of the Habsburg Monarchy,Prague 2006
Václav Měřička:Orden und Ehrenzeichen Dër Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie.Vienna 1974
Jan Županič: Austro-Hungarian Orders of Merit and the Awarding of Nobility in the Danube Monarchy
Rudolf Vogl: Der Österreichischen-Kaiserliche Orden der Eisernen Krone.
Roman Freiherr von Procházka:Österreichisches Ordenshandbuch.München 1979
Jörg C.Steiner: Orden und Ehrenzeichen der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1992
Alexander Marko: Auszeichnungen der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie,Preiskatalog 1998

1
Řád železné koruny - Napoleon si sám vkládá na hlavu korunu

Napoleon si sám vkládá na hlavu korunu
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2
After Napoleon's military defeat at Leipzig in 1813, the famous victory of the Allied armies led by the "Bohemian Army" and its commander, Prince Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg, and Napoleon's subsequent debacle at Waterloo in 1815, but also as a result of the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, the political situation in Europe returned to its conservative values. France is defeated and a large part of the Kingdom of Italy becomes the newly created Kingdom of Lombardy-Benatia, which was annexed to Austria by a decision of the Congress. The date of formation of this state entity is given as 7 April 1815, the day when Emperor Francis I confirmed its status with his signature and seal. This contains fifteen paragraphs in all, but we are interested in the third one, which says: "The King shall be crowned with the ancient Iron Crown, which order he shall adopt among the Imperial domestic orders."
It was, however, only the Emperor's son, Ferdinand I, who in 1838 had this ancient crown placed on his head. However, Emperor Francis I had earlier, by his decision of 16 April 1815, included or incorporated the order in the armorial insignia and ordered that the new Lombard-Benatine coat of arms be adorned with "all My" (that is, Austrian domestic) orders. This important act legalized and confirmed the continuity of the Order of the Iron Crown and thus allowed the previous owners of the decoration to wear it. However, there was one condition - in France, the knights of the Order of the Iron Crown were allowed to wear the Order in its original form, in accordance with the decree of King Louis XVIII, but the Italian subjects of the Austrian Emperor were allowed to wear only the Order's ribbon without the hanging jewel until the New Statute of the Order was issued, because it contained the unpleasant portrait of the usurper Napoleon I.
The Statute of the "new" Order was officially issued on 1 January 1816. The head of the Order became the Austrian Emperor by title of King of Lombardy and Venice. The Order's jewel was given a new, altered form and also a slightly different ribbon. However, the division of the Order into:
Knight First Class
Knight of the Second Class
Knight of the Third Class
Owners of the original Napoleonic order had to exchange their order on this date for the new one, which they received without any fee. However, the problem arose in the awarding or the Napoleonic Order was also obtained by common soldiers and non-commissioned officers, but the Austrian Order was intended as an exclusive order and only for officers. Therefore, on 3 February 1816, a decision was made to award a special, specific silver medal of the Order. The medal was instituted on 12 February 1817, on the occasion and anniversary of the birthday of Emperor Francis I, and on the day on which the first of the "new" Iron Crown Orders were inaugurated in Milan. The obverse of the medal shows a sword with the point upwards. On the reverse side is the inscription PRO VIRTUTE MILITARI (For Military Bravery).
This medal was even hung on the original Napoleonic ribbon. The medal was awarded once and was never awarded again, as there was no reason to award it. The medal is extremely rare, and romantic reprints appeared shortly after the actual award and nowadays only as re-engravings. It is impossible to obtain an original medal, as their number and storage in collections is known and registered. For a better idea, the picture shows you this medal, which is also not an original original mintage.
Literature:
It is identical to the literature listed in the introduction of this treatise.
Řád železné koruny - Sbírka a archiv Faleristika

Sbírka a archiv Faleristika
Řád železné koruny - Pokořitel Napoleona I.,český šlechtic, kníže Karel Filip Schwarzenberk

Pokořitel Napoleona I.,"český" šlechtic, kníže Karel Filip Schwarzenberk
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For the Austrian Orders of the Iron Crown and Leopold, the "numerus clausus" was valid, which was, however, significantly lower compared to the Napoleonic period:
20 Knights of the First Class
30 Knights of the Second Class
50 Knights of the Third Class
The orders themselves were then awarded on payment of the appropriate fee, which was graded according to the class of the order in question.
The first appointment took place on 12 February 1816. The following were appointed:
15 Knights of the First Class
13 Knights of the Second Class
35 Knights of the Third Class
Among the first recipients of the highest grade of the Order, the following stood in a place of honour:
- Crown Prince and Archduke Ferdinand
- The Emperor's brother, Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany
The Order Day is the first Sunday after 7 April, the anniversary of the proclamation of Lombardy-Benetia as a kingdom.
The idea behind the conferral of the Order in the early days was that the Order would be awarded first and foremost to soldiers and officials who had served the Empire in Lombardy-Benetia. After 1848, however, this restrictive system was abandoned and the Order became a nationwide and very popular Order, awarded for general merit (civilian and military). The decoration is indeed one of the finest of its kind. The basis of the order is the so-called Iron Crown, on which stands a golden eagle with a sceptre and sword in the right and an imperial apple in the left claw, surmounted by a crown and fluttering pendillums. On the chest is a blue heart and a gold-lined shield bearing the founder's initial 'F' in gold on the obverse and the year 1815 on the reverse. The star of the Order has always been eight-pointed, brilliant. In the centre of the star was the Iron Crown surrounded by the Order's motto A V I T A ET A U C T A (Inherited and Enlarged).
On a particularly solemn occasion, such as an Order feast day, the First Class of the Order could be worn on the knee, which consisted of an enamelled Iron Crown, the initials FP (Franciscus Primus-Francis I) and an oak wreath. Until about the middle of the 19th century, the Order's habit was also used at these ceremonies (see picture).
On January 12, 1860, a war decoration for war merit was instituted at the Order. By the Supreme Order for the Army and Navy of 13 December 1916, Emperor Charles I decided that along with the war decoration, the Order could also be awarded swords to show the officer's personal bravery in the face of the enemy. In the case of the third class, the swords were pinned to the ribbon, but for the higher grades they were inserted between the jewel and the crown (see picture). On 17 February 1918, the Emperor then decided that it was possible "to award My Order of the Iron Crown, Class III and II, to one and the same person a second time". This repeated award was expressed in the case of Class II by means of a laurel wreath placed between the decoration and the curtain, and in the case of Class III by means of a silver clasp placed directly on the ribbon.
The Order of the Iron Crown from the years up to 1860 is one of the extremely rare examples and is an ornament in any phallic collection. There are pieces that are minted prior to 1860, but additionally have the attributes of wartime decoration attached to the Order's jeweler's decoration. These orders are flat but beautifully jewelled. Order decorations were not punched until 1867. After that date all decorations are gold hallmarked and marked by the company. There are also silver decorations, gilded, but again with the appropriate hallmark. Even order decorations made after 1916 and awarded under the Empire are marked with the name of the manufacturer and we also find the "star" which is the mark of the stamping in base metal. All the other jewels in bronze that are not marked are post-1938 products (after the Nazi takeover of Austria) and here we are talking about veterans' mints. In Austria, Czechoslovakia and other successor states, the law strictly prohibited the wearing of monarchist symbols, including the Order of the Iron Crown. Only after 1938 was it permitted to wear the orders and decorations of the former monarchy.
The literature is listed in the introductory part of the article.
Řád železné koruny - Ukázka nošení EKO na uniformě

Ukázka nošení EKO na uniformě
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Řád Železné koruny-III.třída(na prsou)
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Imperial Order of the Iron Crown
- was founded on 1 January 1816 by Emperor Francis I as a continuation of the Order of the Iron Crown founded by Napoleon in Italy on 20 May 1805 after the territory in northern Italy fell to Austria-Hungary in 1814. The civil and military order was intended for citizens of the monarchy and could be received by any citizen regardless of status or rank (men and non-commissioned officers did not). The first awarding of the Order's badges took place on 12 February 1816 in Milan. After the establishment of a similar order in 1868 in Italy (a territory no longer belonging to Austria-Hungary) by King Victor Emmanuel II, the two states agreed that the Imperial Order would not be awarded to Italian citizens and that it would only be awarded during the reign of Franz Joseph I. However, this agreement was not kept.
The Imperial Order of the Iron Crown had three classes - I, II and III. Initially, it was awarded on payment of a certain fee. The owner of the original (Napoleonic) order could apply to exchange it. However, since soldiers and non-commissioned officers could also obtain the original order, unlike the Imperial Order, a special medal was created as a replacement for these - For Military Manhood, which was not newly awarded. The Grand Master of the Order with the right to award the Order was the Austrian Emperor. The original expected number of members of the Order wearing the decoration of Class I was 20 knights, Class II 30 knights and Class III 50 knights. Even before the outbreak of World War I, this number was greatly exceeded and thousands of orders were produced and awarded during the war.
Badge of the Order - a gold Lombard crown with gems and pearls of coloured enamel, from which grows a golden double-headed imperial eagle, which is surmounted by the imperial crown. The eagle bears a blue shield on its chest with a gold initial F, the reverse bearing the year 1815 in gold. The new order used a ribbon of the same colours as the original Napoleonic order, to demonstrate continuity - yellow-orange with blue stripes on the edge.
The decorations of each class differed from each other in size and manner of wearing.
The First Class badge, 76 mm high, was placed on a yellow ribbon with blue borders 102 mm wide worn over the right shoulder. On particularly important occasions the Order was worn around the neck on a gold chain (knee chain) whose links consisted of the alternating initials FP, the Iron (Lombard) Crown and an oak wreath. The eight-pointed silver star of the First Class of the Order with the medallion with the Iron Crown surrounded by the inscription AVITA ET AUCTA (ancient and multiplied) on a blue background in its centre, was worn on the left side of the chest.
The badge of Class II, 66 mm high, was a smaller badge of Class I and was worn on a necklace ribbon of yellow with blue border stripes.
The Class III badge, 55 mm high, was again a smaller version of the Class I badge and was worn on a triangular-shaped chest band of yellow with blue edges.
On 12 February 1860, Franz Joseph I established a war decoration consisting of two green laurel branches growing from a crown and surrounding an eagle. The war decoration was used to give visibility to those who had received the Order of Military Merit. On the star, the decoration consisted of a green laurel wreath underneath its points. Another war decoration introduced in 1917 consisted of crossed swords placed on a ribbon as a symbol of merit gained in combat.
On 6 April 1908 a miniature of the First Class was introduced for common wear, consisting of a badge of the Third Class with a miniature of the Order's star on a triangular ribbon.
After the death of the wearer, the Order's decorations had to be returned to the Order's office. This obligation did not apply to decorations which the recipient had made at his own expense.
The Order's uniform for ceremonial occasions was predominantly white and yellow. The lace collar, the brown beret with ostrich feathers and the sword formed a prominent part of the uniform. In the mid-19th century, the use of the ceremonial uniform was abandoned.
Until 18 July 1884, a new member of the Order could apply for a hereditary title of nobility. A holder of the Order of the Third Degree could obtain the title of knight, a holder of the Order of the Second Degree the title of baron or freeman, and a holder of the Order of the First Degree the title of privy councillor.
Officers of the Order:
Prelate, Chancellor, Secretary, Treasurer, Herald and Clerk - held positions as clerks of the Order of Leopold.
The feast day of the Order was the 1st Sunday after 7 April. A memorial service was held on this day.
Most of the members of the Order received decorations on the occasion of the 50th and 60th anniversaries of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1898 and 1908. During World War I, the award of the Order was a relatively common reward for officers, but in peacetime the award of the Order was rather rare.
Sources used:
[1] KOLÁČNÝ, Ivan. Orders and Decorations of the Habsburg Monarchy, Prague 2006, Elka Press, ISBN 80-902745-9-5
[2] https://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/eko.htm
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