Pevnosť Nové Zámky

zaniknutá renesančná pevnosť
     
Název:
Name:
Pevnosť Nové Zámky Fort Nové Zámky
Další názvy:
Other Names:
Nuehäufel (1621), Neuhousel (1663)
Typ:
Style:
ostatní other
Stav:
Condition:
nepatrné zbytky small relics
Přístupnost:
Accessibility:
zaniklý defunct
Obec:
Municipality:
Nové Zámky Nové Zámky
GPS souřadnice:
GPS Coordinates:
47°59'15.44"N 18°09'44.85"E
První písemná zmínka:
First Written Reference :
DD.MM.1573
Památky a muzea v okolí:
Places of Interest and Museums in the Vicinity:
- -
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Matunák Michal: Život a boje na Slovensko-Tureckom pohraničí, Tatran Bratislava 1983
Štefan Pisoň: Hrady, zámky a kaštiela na Slovensku, Osveta 1973
Kolektív autorov: Súpis pamiatok na Slovensku II.zv., Obzor Bratislava 1968
Ľudovít Janota: Slovenské hrady II.zv., Slovenská liga Bratislava 1937
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Nove-Zamky-t64333#551740 Version : 0
New Castle Fortress



Type: renaissance bastion fortress
Creation: 1573 - 1581
Older name: Nuehäufel (1621), Neuhousel (1663)
Current status: in 1725, Emperor Charles III issued an order for the fortress to be demolished. All that remains of the fortress are the remains of Forgách's bastion - today's Calvary


After the occupation of Esztergom by the Turks in 1543, there was a need to build a fortress from which it would be possible to defend the Nitra valley against the ever advancing Turkish armies. Therefore, the Archbishop of Esztergom, Paul Várday, had a makeshift fortress built on the left bank of the Nitra River, on the site of the destroyed village of Ňárhíd (Leku), fortified with earthen ramparts and wooden palisades. The construction of this first fortress dates from 1545 to 1546. It is first mentioned in 1556 as 'Arx Nova Domini Stigoniensis' and in 1558 as 'Olahwywar'. However, this fortress was badly damaged by the Turks and proved to be insufficient, so Emperor Maximilian ordered it to be replaced by a new stone fortress.
Therefore, between 1573 and 1581, a completely new fortress was built, situated on the right bank of the river Nitra, applying modern Italian principles. As it was a completely new fortress, the builders were able to develop an ideal plan of a six-pointed star with six massive bastions, protected by the surrounding marshy terrain. The bastions (also referred to as bastions) were named Forgách's, Žerotín's, Fridrich's, Emperor's, Ernest's and Bohemian. In the midst of the massive fortifications, the builders constructed a new town with a central square and a regular network of streets surrounding it. The town was entered through two gates, to which drawbridges led over a large moat fed by the waters of the Nitra River. The fortress was occupied by the imperial army, whose task was to guard the entire valley of the river Nitra.
In 1605 the fortress was attacked by the rebel army of Stefan Bockay, under the command of František Redey. With the help of the Buda Pasha Sinan and Valent Drugeth of Humenné, he finally managed to conquer the fortress. However, after a short time after this event, the Emperor made peace with Bockay, according to the terms of which Bockay had to surrender the fortress.
In 1607 the Nitra County had the fortress repaired and later regularly contributed to its maintenance and also supplied wooden stakes for the palisades.
By 1581, however, the construction of the fortress was not finished. Its fortifications were continuously improved. In 1618, bricks were used to replace the original stone walls, so that the walls of the bastions were made of bricks and their corners of stone blocks.
In spite of these fortifications, the fortress was conquered by Gabriel Bethlen's army in 1619. After the suppression of the rebellion, Nové Zámky was again occupied by the imperial army, which held it until 1663. The commanders of the fortress were Count Adam Forgách and Marchese Pio.
On 15 August (August) - other literature says 17 August - Grand Vizier Mehmed Köprüli came to the fortress and called on it to surrender - which the imperial army refused to do, so he began to besiege the fortress. Matunák states that at that time Forgách's, Žerotín's and Fridrich's bastions were not completely finished. Nevertheless, the fortress held out until 24 September (September), when part of the German troops mutinied, resulting in the fortress's surrender.
The Turks repaired the fortress and held it in their power for exactly 22 years. During this period, they carried out robberies from the fortress not only in its surroundings, but even as far away as Považie. There are a number of historical documents from this period threatening the surrounding towns and castles with burning if they did not surrender to the Turkish power, written directly in Nové Zámky.
After several unsuccessful attempts to regain the fortress and expel the Turks, the army of Charles of Lorraine was brought under the fortress in 1683. The latter, by imperial order, stopped the siege of Esztergom and was given the task of capturing the fortress of Nové Zámok, which he began to systematically besiege. Although the siege was progressing successfully, he soon had to end it and withdraw on the emperor's orders.
Two years later, however, the Viennese military council decided to finally wrest Nové Zámky from Turkish hands, and on July 7 (July) 1685 Charles of Lorraine and his army drew in again. According to contemporary sources, he had at his disposal an army of 43,000 men, 50 cannons and 25 masons. Despite a desperate defence, during which most of the Turkish garrison fell, the fortress was captured on 19 August (August). According to records, 99 guns, 1,000 pounds of gunpowder, 20 cents of lead and 300 cents of wick fell into their hands. The commander of the fort was Aspremont Rekkheim.
After the army of Francis II. Rákoczi's army was able to conquer Nitra, it was also attracted to Nové Zámky. The army was commanded by Mikuláš Berczényi and Ján Botryán. The garrison of the fortress was commanded at that time by Colonel Baron Henrich Axmann. The garrison of the fortress consisted of 500 German infantrymen and 300 Hungarian hajduks, but they were unreliable because they were overwhelming the insurgents. With their help, some of the rebel troops managed to enter the fortress on the night of 16 August. When the commander of the fortress, Baron Axmann, learned of this, he decided to avoid further bloodshed and surrendered the fortress to the rebels. The new commander of the fortress was Imrich Ebecký and its garrison consisted of 300 hajduks, 200 infantrymen and 4 hundred cavalry. The rebels had the fortress repaired at a huge cost of 3 000 000 gold coins. It was also the last repair of the fortress. After the suppression of the Rákoczi rebellion, the fortress was again occupied by imperial troops, but already in 1725 Emperor Charles III.
The only things that remain of this impressive fortress are the remains of Forgách's bastion - today's Calvary and the regular street network of the old town. Otherwise, only a number of old engravings remind us of its former military glory.....


Source:


Matunák Michal: Life and Struggles on the Slovak-Turkish Borderland, Tatran Bratislava 1983
Štefan Pisoň: Castles, Chateaus and Manor Houses in Slovakia, Osveta 1973
Collective of Authors: Inventory of Monuments in Slovakia, Volume II, Obzor Bratislava 1968
Ľudovít Janota: Slovak Castles, Volume II, Slovak League Bratislava 1937
Ludovít Janota: Slovak Castles, Volume II
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Nove-Zamky-t64333#229387 Version : 0
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