Nuclear strategic concept of the West in the Cold War
The article deals with a brief evaluation of the four most important strategic concepts of the Western Powers (mass retaliation, flexible response, MAD and SDI).
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The Nameless Dead of Wetterfeld - The Bloody Spring of 1945 in Bavaria
Recently, a memorial stone began to commemorate the 50 or so people who were murdered in the Gemeindehölzl near Wetterfeld on 23 April 1945. Yet they are all nameless until now. The memorial stone shows only engraved grooves. What happened at Wetterfeld then? This is what this article, translated from the original by Robert Werner, tries to document.
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Boirault No. 1
On August 24, 1914, Colonel Jean Baptiste Estienne formulated a vision of the all-terrain vehicles that would determine the direction of modern warfare, when he predicted a radical change. Immobile trench warfare was to be transformed by armoured vehicles equipped with weapons that were capable of moving in the terrain.
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AMX-50
The AMX 50 was a French tank designed in the immediate post Second World War period. It was proposed as, in succession, the French medium, heavy, and main battle tank, incorporating many advanced features. It was cancelled in the late 1950s however, due to unfavourable economic and political circumstances after serious delays in development.
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Boeing P-12E
The roots of the main version of the P-12, the P-12E, were in the Boeing Model 218, a privately owned machine on which the company tested new design features. Essentially, it was a P-12B with a metal semi-scooped fuselage, which the company first tested on the XP-15, and a back that transitioned into a headrest. The rudder was originally identical to the P-12B, but was later replaced by a taller and rounder one.
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Fighting for the Solomon Islands - Guadalcanal, part 1.
At the Arcadia Conference, held shortly after the outbreak of the Pacific War, it was stated that the primary task for the American armed forces would be to deal with Germany, but by no means all senior American officers were of this opinion. Perhaps the most prominent opponent of a defensive strategy in the Pacific was the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Navy, Admiral E. J. King. King could not speak out against the concept of war adopted by the highest levels; to do so would have made him untenable for President Roosevelt as commander of the Navy. Therefore, he adopted a so-called defensive-offensive strategy in the Pacific. Under this theory, it was impossible to give the enemy time to establish a firm foothold in the newly acquired territories in the South Pacific and to build strong naval and air bases there.
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Fighting for the Solomon Islands - Guadalcanal, part 2.
On the morning of August 7, 1942, the Japanese, informed of the American landings on Tulagi and Guadalcanal, were deciding how to strike the American expeditionary force. The area commander, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa, acted immediately. He hastily assembled a group of six transport ships in Rabaul harbor on New Britain Island, embarked several hundred men and supplies, and dispatched the group to Guadalcanal in the inadequate escort of one destroyer.
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Fighting for the Solomon Islands - Guadalcanal, part 3.
Tokyo's headquarters initially regarded the Allied landings in the southern Solomons as an episodic affair within its strategic interests in the Pacific. The situation changed when the Americans briefly put Henderson Airfield into operation, for at that point Tokyo realized that if it lost Guadalcanal permanently, the air base there would substantially weaken Japan's position throughout the region.
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Fighting for the Solomon Islands - Guadalcanal, part 4.
On September 1, 1942, landing boats from the bowels of the transport ship Betelgeuse, which had just arrived from the base Noumeé in New Caledonia on the orders of Vice Admiral Ghormley, commander of the South Pacific area, began to transport to the shores of Guadalcanal to 390 men from the 6th Battalion of Sea Bees and with them engineer material, two bulldozers and six 127mm coastal guns. Many of the Marines, who were helping with the landing or just watching at the dock, watched with interest as the soldiers, not exactly young and many already with hair streaming gray and exuding the confidence of experienced men, stepped off the boats...
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Napoleon
French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the de facto leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured, and he has been one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in world history.
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Battle of Aboukir Bay
In the spring of 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte was planning a major invasion of Egypt. The Directory felt a threat in his person, so he willingly gave permission for the campaign. The purpose of this action was to cut off England from its colonies and endanger the colonies in India.
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HMS Ark Royal (1914)
HMS Ark Royal was the first ship designed and built as a seaplane carrier. She was purchased by the Royal Navy in 1914 shortly after her keel had been laid and the ship was only in frames; this allowed the ship's design to be modified almost totally to accommodate seaplanes. In the First World War, Ark Royal participated in the Gallipoli Campaign in early 1915, with her aircraft conducting aerial reconnaissance and observation missions. Her aircraft later supported British troops on the Macedonian Front in 1916, before she returned to the Dardanelles to act as a depot ship for all the seaplanes operating in the area. In January 1918, several of her aircraft unsuccessfully attacked the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben when she sortied from the Dardanelles to attack Allied ships in the area. The ship left the area later in the year to support seaplanes conducting anti-submarine patrols over the southern Aegean Sea.
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Schneider CA
The Schneider was inspired by the need to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare which on the Western Front prevailed during most of the Great War. It was designed specifically to open passages for the infantry through barbed wire and then to suppress German machine gun nests.
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AMX-40
The AMX-40 was a French main battle tank developed by GIAT during the latter stages of the Cold War as an export tank to replace the earlier AMX-32. Designed to be an inexpensive tank orientated towards militaries with smaller defence budgets, the AMX-40 featured a lightly armoured hull and good mobility reminiscent of previous French MBTs with a powerful 120 mm cannon. It however failed to attract interest and sales, rendering the project a failure, being discontinued in 1990.
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Jozef Jancovic
On 29 March 1943, Sergeant Jančovič and Sergeant Cyprich took off on an emergency flight against Soviet bombers. The battle carried over to the Sea of Azov, where the Slovak fighters were attacked by a group of LaGG-3 fighters. Jančovič's Bf 109 G-2 was badly damaged by enemy fire, with Jančovič also suffering a severe wound to his left leg. He managed to make it to the coast where he made an emergency landing,
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Air Vice Marshal Sir Keith Park
New Zealander who served as a senior RAF officer. An ANZAC Gallipoli Veteran and Second World War Royal Air Force commander, he was placed in command of No. 11 Group of the RAF - the Group responsible for the defence of South East England and London. Due to the strategic significance and geographic location concerning the Luftwaffe, Park’s Group bore the brunt of the German aerial assault during the Battle of Britain.
‘If any one man won the Battle of Britain, he did. I don't believe it is recognised how much this one man, with his leadership, his calm judgment and his skill, did to save not only this country, but the world.’ Lord Tedder, Head of the RAF. -
Renault 35 in the Bulgarian army
The contract for the purchase of 40 French Renault 35 light tanks between the Bulgarian Army and the German company AGK, Berlin was signed on 23.4.1941. The Bulgarians paid 2,377,280 Reichsmarks for the goods.
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The mystery of Novorossiysk explained?
In 1947, the USSR took the battleship "Giulio Cesare" from the booty of the Italian fleet and, under the name "Novorossiysk", included it in the Black Sea Fleet based in Sevastopol. There, also on the evening of October 28, 1955, the ship docked after a one-day artillery exercise. Since Captain Kuchta was on vacation, the anchor maneuver was led by his deputy, Lieutenant Commander Khurshudov. He did not have the ship in his hand, he misjudged its length and the time the anchor was lowered. As a result, the "Novorossiysk", the bow of which held the anchor, lay much closer to the stern of the mooring buoy than usual. However, Churshudov agreed with the technical staff of the base that the position of the battleship will be corrected in the morning.
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Divisional General Karel Husárek
One of the main creators of Czechoslovak border fortifications, Russian legionary, general of Czechoslovak army and a Nazi prisoner.
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