Dekorace pro ženy a dívky v Prusku

Upon hearing the name of PRUSSIA and the notion of its splendid old orders,medals and decorations everyone will present above all the prussian soldiers,their weapons and colorful uniforms,the territory from which have developed the greatest of the european war,or you will introduce the prussian officers,who exactly will carry out their duties.But what about the women in Prussia?Seemingly they have been given to three "To" Kirche,Kuche,Kinder,but as well as in other countries, they remained still the fourth KRIEG-war.When the soldiers laid aside their neat uniforms,ověšené schedules and záslužnými decorations to the cabinets and went out into the field,then have to the women to board service for security tasks important to the conduct of war.Many of the women then entered the service as nurses right on the front,to be there to care for the wounded frontline fighters.
Are known cases of women, the betta,which they replaced directly to the fighting regimentům to arms and as the men were deservedly rewarded and vyznamenány. From this period is the famous name Augusty Kruger from Friedland in Mecklenbursku,which on June 3.June 1814 received high prussian decorations of the Iron cross.This brave woman,disguised as a man,secretly served in the "Kolberger 9.The Infanterie Regiment".When her incognito are those,even as the woman was haughty in the enlisted ranks and was doceněná her personal bravery and courage.

One hundred years later,at the beginning of the first world war was decorated several women Iron kříážem II.the class on the band for nebojovníky.We know the name of one of these women is the name of Hindenburg LONY,a sister of the Red cross, other sources mention the name of Herta von Versen.The German emperor Wilhelm II. soon, however, the award of the Iron cross women banned and so these awarded the cross may be worn only in the treatment of brooches,often, however, exclusively,klenotnicky made up.Therefore, also the male orders granted to women are výjímečnou matters.For women were based on their own special decoration.This series of interesting decorations, opens up:
Luisa's ORDER(Luis -Orden)
Queen Luisa was the wife of king Frederick Wilhelm III.The king of the wife he loved and it has been a great support in a difficult time of the napoleonic wars.When the queen 19.July 1810 as a 34-year-old died, he worshiped the king of the establishment of the exclusive order of her landmark.The actual order of the bylzaložen 3.8.1814 in a period of relative calm after a Series of resignations after the liberation war of Prussia,when the merit and bravery he was already on 10.3.1814 based the Iron cross. The order of the Nouns was set up according to the pattern of the Iron cross.Black lacquered iron has been replaced with a black enamel.As the ribbon Luisina procedure was used for the ribbon of the Iron cross for nebojovníky.On the blue center label is a gilded letter "L" and around the wreath of stars.Karl Friedrich Schinkel,the great builder and the representative of the classicism in Berlin, draftsman of the opinion of the Iron cross,has compiled a proposal of this procedure.Set also the number of stars to seven.King Friedrich Wilhelm III. had 7 living children from marriage with Luisa and therefore was i thus elected to the symbolism of the order.The medallion on the back side of the bore only, the year 1813/1814. The statute of the order has been processed so that fully captured the importance of women and their efforts in a time of war and fighting for the homeland.Later there was a statute of the order of několiukráte changed and added to, and even today it is like a domestic women's order of the house of Hohenzollern conferred upon.

Again it was war that was the cause of the foundation of the other,a purely female decorations.The prussian king Wilhelm I. and his wife Augusta have established an oval medal. On the front side of this small medal is a crowned letter "a" (Augusta-with the inscription "Arbeit fur des Vaterland".On the reverse side of the medal is a red cross with bc 1870.This medal was awarded only a few months and already 22.3. the year 1871 has been replaced,as bylu u Luisina of the order,the decoration of the shape similar to the Iron cross with the name: cross of Merit for women and girls(Verdienstkreuz fur frauen monastery und Jungfrauen)the Iron cross as a symbol of the prussian state and military was even here a pattern and a very happy solution.The cross was the shape the same even with the edge as is the case with the Iron cross, was, however, somewhat smaller and again in black smaltován.On the front is a red cross and on the back side of the decoration are linked by the letters And/Augusta and E(Wilhelm),again převýšené the royal crown.Below the letters is the year 1870/1871.Ribbon decoration again oodpovídá the Iron kžíž for nebojovníky.

Helpful the decoration of the Red cross, founded by emperor Wilhelm II,the prussian king on the proposal of the supreme authority of the Red cross and the queen.This decoration is very well described on the www.valka.cz. in the section of the German honors.

When, on the basis of the geneva conference of 26.10.1863 began to form provincial associations, the Red cross, was also in Prussia based on 11.11.1866 female union under the name: "Vaterlandischer Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz/VFL/ and built under the protectorate of the queen of Augusty.This company had a mission and goal to help those who needed it, in time of war, and to act even in times of peace.Fifty-year anniversary of the shortly the company in the period of the world war, and therefore about ten years later, in 1926, was issued:

The memorial cross(Erinnerungskreuz), such as visible recognition and appreciation of faithful work. The decoration is formed by a black cross in the center is a member of the badge of the association, on the arms of the cross is the year of 1866-1926.The ribbon is white,motýlovitá(see picture)

On 22.10.1907, to 51.the birthday of his wife Augusty Victoria decided to the emperor Wilhelm,that have not yet handed out jewelry to the such occasion of the change in procedure. Řádový name is "a Female cross of merit" (Frauenverdienskreuz) and its badge is ražen in gold or silver.The original intention was to give this order of women,who have worked in the social,religious and humanitarian areas and that activity performed outside of their job as an honorable task.Teprtve later was the order conferred upon as well as for other merits.The actual procedure is one-sided,roughly circular,around the edge of the blue enamelled inscription "FUR VERDIENST". in the middle of the medallion between laurel sprigs is a monogram, "And".The whole rests the royal crown. The ribbon is white, motýlovitá and the order has been conferred upon in the luxury of red etuji.

With 1.world war related:
Cross of merit for war aid(Verdienstkreuz fur Kriegshilfe).This cross was ražen in iron(alternative metal) and established it to the emperor Wilhelm II.on 5.12.1916.In determining the order, how will the cross worn,it has been established that will be worn as the first in order before all peaceful decorations.The front side of the cross carries in its center a medallion crowned initials WRI(Wilhelm Rex (I), the back side then a copy of the FUR KRIEGSHILFDIENST).The original intention was such,that this party was intended to be worn as a party front.As the ribbon was used again the already well-known ribbon from the years 1870/71 for the order of the Crown and of the general decorations/Algemeine Ehrenzeichen).These dekoracím it is possible to even assign a cross 1.world war,based 13.7.1934,a few weeks before his death,reich president Hindenburg, and it for the participants of the war, coinage in bronze with swords,for the participants of the war,but who did not participate directly in the fighting this was a cross without swords with oak wreath,for widows and survivors,cross the same,but black painted.This cross was ražen and modified in the form of brooches,where appropriate, was carried on motýlovitíé band.These crosses for the participants of the war-fighters was raženo more than 8 million units,for nebojovníky about 1 million units and for the survivors of more than 800 000 units.

Outside of the not yet referred to the honors and decorations, to a certain extent accessible to all the women who are in some way involved in charitable activities,have been set up yet another niche decoration.Tytop decorations are not generally known, or mistakenly attribute it to the general charitable odznakům and dekoracím without further specification.
Golden memorial cross was conferred upon "For 40 years of loyal manor, services for female maidservant"(weibliche Dienstbote).It comes on a simple, smooth cross of gold, in the period of the empress Augusty without inscription.Only its successor, the Augusta Victoria left on cross mint inscription: "40 Jahre treuer Dienste).Cross he wore on a golden chain, on a black velvet stuize.For the award of the decoration is strictly friendly addition to the decorated woman is actually a full 40 years, has worked continuously in the manorial service. This cross was conferred upon even a diploma. It is known diploma to the following text,which directly states:"In dankbarer Anerkennung(vierzigjahriger treur Dienste/verliehe ich/das goldene Erinnerungskreuz(der Haushalterin Luise Bruning/in Schleswig/Neues Palais,day 1.November 1908( the decree is further vlasnoruční signature:Auguste Victoria/Deutsche Kaiserin u.Konigin von Preussen.

Here also belongs the prussian the "Honorary award for 40 years of work in the profession of midwives(asistenky).This decoration was established also by the empress of Wales and wore as a clip-on style brooch on the collar of the sister dress.In the upper part of the brooch was the crown of the empress,but the more common are the badges with the crown of the queen of prussia.Brooches were very honoured and enjoyed with great solemnity, and after the year 1919 have been through the birth canal asistentakmi continue to be worn

Between the last of the decorations,which can be classified into this group are the badges for the ladies-in-waiting.These decorations are extremely rare and it is an old tradition of the 17.century.They are usually the initials of the monarch adorned with diamonds and precious stones.Decorations were worn on the motýlovité band the highest prussian order of the Black eagle.

Literature:
Arnhard graf KLENAU: Orden in Deutschland und Osterreich,
M. Gritzner:Ritter-und Verdienstorden
LaSP.:Decoration for women and girls in Prussia, Signum 1990.

I am adding two pictures from my collection. This is a thumbnail of the the Cross of merit for war aid on the women's ribbon and the Honorary cross of the world war for widows after the front-line fighters. Honor the cross as well as of Záslužném křížy for women and girls with chstám process detailed articles..