List of author's articles

Commander of the Russian naval and ground forces in the Battle of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.

Indonesian politician, founder and first president of Indonesia. Creator of the state ideology of pancasil, based on nationalism, Marxism and political Islam. The initiator of the international so-called Movement of Non-Participating Countries. During the Japanese occupation, he openly collaborated with the occupying power, but also cooperated with the resistance. Under his rule, the country waged a military conflict with Malaysia and withdrew from the United Nations.

Alexander I was the emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. He was the eldest son of Emperor Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.

He had a pro-constitutional mind and did not care much about his father's succession, but after his sudden death at the end of the Crimean War, he was faced with a done deal. On February 1, 1856, he summoned representatives of the Tsarist Advisory Council to the Winter Palace and asked them a single question: "To continue the war?" All answered in the negative. On March 18, 1856, the Tsar signed the Treaty of Paris, under which Russia returned to Turkey some territories in the Caucasus, Moldova, the Danube estuary and southern Bessarabia. Russia lost the right to the Black Sea Fleet until 1871.

The life story of an aviator of a night bomber regiment, who received the Gold Star of the hero until 50 years after the end of the war.

Bohumír Lomský, born Bohumír Štěpán Lenc, was Chief of Staff of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps, a politician of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, a postwar member of the National assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the House of People of the Federal Assembly, and Minister of National Defence of Czechoslovakia.
During the war, to protect his family members in occupied Czechoslovakia from persecution, he chose the pseudonym Lomský. However, the Germans discovered this fact and his father and mother were arrested and sent to a concentration camp. They survived the war and were released in May 1945.

Ashurbanipal was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 669 BC to his death in 631. He is generally remembered as the last great king of Assyria. Ashurbanipal inherited the throne as the favored heir of his father Esarhaddon; his 38-year reign was among the longest of any Assyrian king. Though sometimes regarded as the apogee of ancient Assyria, his reign also marked the last time Assyrian armies waged war throughout the ancient Near East and the beginning of the end of Assyrian dominion over the region.

Stanisław Franciszek Sosabowski was a Polish general in World War II. He fought in the Polish Campaign of 1939 and at the Battle of Arnhem (Netherlands), as a part of operation Market Garden, in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.

Charlemagne or Charles the Great, a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and was crowned as the Emperor of the Romans by the Papacy in 800. Charlemagne succeeded in uniting the majority of western and central Europe and was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier.

Major-General Charles George Gordon CB, also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator. He saw action in the Crimean War as an officer in the British Army. However, he made his military reputation in China, where he was placed in command of the "Ever Victorious Army", a force of Chinese soldiers led by European officers which was instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion, regularly defeating much larger forces. For these accomplishments, he was given the nickname "Chinese Gordon" and honours from both the Emperor of China and the British.

Lucky Lindy or The Lone Eagle was an American aviator, best known for his first solo flight over the Atlantic in 1927. He later joined the isolationists, who refused to enter the United States into World War II.

David Ben-Gurion was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as the state's first prime minister. Born in Płońsk, then part of Congress Poland, to Polish Jewish parents, he immigrated to the Palestine region of the Ottoman Empire in 1906. Adopting the name of Ben-Gurion in 1909, he rose to become the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British-ruled Mandatory Palestine from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954–55.

The president of the Czechoslovak republic

Emperor Meiji, also called Meiji the Great, was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figurehead of the Meiji Restoration, a series of rapid changes that witnessed Japan's transformation from an isolationist, feudal state to an industrialized world power.

Esarhaddon was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sennacherib in 681 BC to his own death in 669. The third king of the Sargonid dynasty, Esarhaddon is most famous for his conquest of Egypt in 671 BC, which made his empire the largest the world had ever seen, and for his reconstruction of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father.

Francis fought several wars with Napoleonic France, in which he recorded alternating gains and losses - but these were disproportionately more numerous. After losing the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805, he had to cede Veneto, Dalmatia and Tyrol to the victor.

He became famous for attacking Lydda with his battalion in the War of Independence (1948) to help stop the Egyptian attack, and in recognition of his abilities he was appointed commander of the Jerusalem Front (in August 1948).

George I. was king of Greece from 1863 to 1913. He was the great-grandfather of the British King Charles III and reigned the longest in modern Greek history. During his reign, he made numerous territorial gains and generally elevated Greece in international politics before World War I.

Haile Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) for Empress Zewditu from 1916. Haile Selassie is widely considered a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, and the key figure of Rastafari, a religious movement in Jamaica that emerged shortly after he became emperor in the 1930s. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty, which claims to trace lineage to Emperor Menelik I, believed to be the son of King Solomon and Makeda the Queen of Sheba.

Intelligence officer of the Baltic Fleet, Hero of the Soviet Union. Imprisoned by the Estonian Nazis of the Omakaitse organization in Tart. She was interrogated and tortured, yet she did not reveal her mission or the Navy codes.

French sailor and discoverer, often referred to as the "discoverer of Canada". In the service of the King of France, he undertook three trips along the Canadian coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Cartier's voyage eventually led to France occupying this part of North America.

After his accession, he surrounded himself with pragmatic politicians and diplomats who were to carry out extensive administrative and financial reforms of the monarchy. Joseph I was a proponent of mercantilism and began state intervention in the economy, particularly through tax breaks. His aim was to consolidate the emperor's position within the Roman Empire and to limit the power of the church, especially the Jesuit order.

In Hungary, Louis was nicknamed the Great and is considered one of the most important rulers of the country. In domestic politics, he equalized the magnates and the Hungarian nobility with the so-called Decree Unicum issued on 11 December 1351 and founded the University of Pécs. He was never very popular in Poland, but among other things he led to the development of trade and prevented the disintegration of the kingdom.

The eldest son of Polish King Casimir IV. and Eliška, granddaughter of Emperor Sigismund I of Luxembourg.

Russian military leader who served as the acting supreme ruler of the Russian State and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. Previously, he was a general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.
His forces' implementation of the White Terror was known for pogroms.

He stepped onto the scaffolding and wanted to move forward to speak. It was explained to him that this was not possible. He allowed himself to be led to the place where they had tied him up, and cried aloud, "People, I am dying innocent!

The life story of the most successful sniper woman in the world.

French World War II flying ace who flew for the air forces of the Vichy government and the Free French forces, and also for the Soviet Air Force and the Royal Air Force.

A description of the varied life of the organizer of the first purely female battalion in the Russian army and one of the first women - army officers in the Russian Tsarist army.

German-American actress and singer of German origin, a member of the US Army

After the end of the Civil War, he became an important military figure in the Red Army. He was arrested in 1950 and shot on August 24 after a staged trial.

Imperial Russian soldier of Baltic German and Scottish origin, who was commander-in-chief and Minister of War of the Russian Empire during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and the War of the Sixth Coalition. Barclay implemented a number of reforms during this time that improved supply system in the army, doubled the number of army troops, and implemented new combat training principles.

In 1944, young Mandela became a member of the African National Congress (ANC), which sought the right of black residents of the colony of South Africa to land ownership and full status. The Indian National Congress and its methods of nonviolent resistance, proclaimed by M. Gandhi, served as a model for them.

The first Czech king who managed to inherit the royal title for his descendants as well.

No one but Grant and Sherman had more credit for winning the Civil War than he did. In 1876 he took part in the war with the Indians on the Red River. Then he made a well-known statement: "The only good Indian is a dead Indian."

Philip V was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724 and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign (45 years and 26 days) is the longest in the history of the Spanish monarchy, surpassing Philip II. Philip V instigated many important reforms in Spain, most especially the centralization of power of the monarchy and the suppression of regional privileges, via the Nueva Planta decrees, and restructuring of the administration of the Spanish Empire on the Iberian peninsula and its overseas regions.

In 1609, Rudolf II published under pressure from the Czech estates, the so-called Majesty of Emperor Rudolf II, guaranteeing religious freedom for the Unity of Brethren.

Modelling his reign on the legends of the ancient rulers Sargon of Akkad, from whom Sargon II likely took his regnal name, and Gilgamesh, Sargon aspired to conquer the known world, initiate a golden age and a new world order, and be remembered and revered by future generations. Over the course of his seventeen-year reign, Sargon substantially expanded Assyrian territory and enacted important political and military reforms. An accomplished warrior-king and military strategist, Sargon personally led his troops into battle. By the end of his reign, all of his major enemies and rivals had been either defeated or pacified. Among Sargon's greatest accomplishments were the stabilization of Assyrian control over the Levant, the weakening of the northern kingdom of Urartu, and the reconquest of Babylonia. From 717 to 707 BC, Sargon constructed a new Assyrian capital named after himself, Dur-Sharrukin (Fort Sargon), which he made his official residence in 706 BC.

Sennacherib was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father Sargon II in 705 BC to his own death in 681 BC. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. Other events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689 BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh.

Commander of the motorized battalion of submachine guns 1st Czechoslovak independent brigade in the USSR. One of the three holders of the seven War Cross 1939.

Generał Tadeusz Komorowski, better known by the name Bór-Komorowski was a Polish military leader. He was appointed commander in chief a day before the capitulation of the Warsaw Uprising and following World War II, 32nd Prime Minister of Poland, 3rd Polish government-in-exile in London.

The story of Jelena Kolesova, a primary school teacher who, at the head of a diversion group, carried out malicious work in the German back in the Minsk region. She was only 22 years old when she fell in battle. She was posthumously awarded the highest Soviet award - the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Ivan III established diplomatic relations with many European states in order to open Russia to trade relations that had previously been hindered by Tatar rule. The international authority of the Russian state increased significantly when Ivan III refused to pay taxes to the Golden Horde and defeated its army in the autumn of 1476.

Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.

The reign of Boris was overwhelmed by the struggles of World War II. Bulgaria was caught between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia. Boris tried to maintain Bulgarian independence, but ultimately succumbed to the pressure and aligned with Hitler. However, despite the efforts of the Nazi to remove all the Jews from Bulgaria, Boris resisted. 

Czech, Polish and Hungarian king; the last ruler of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was the son of the Czech and Polish king Wenceslas II. and Gutha of Habsburg.

Wenceslaus IV appears, especially in the German bibliography, as a lazy king and a drunkard, but this could be said of every other medieval ruler. The problems that eventually led to the outbreak of the Hussite wars were caused by social and climate change in Europe and began in the last years of Charles IV's reign.

American military leader who served as the 12th president of the United States from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general and becoming a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War. As a result, he won election to the White House despite his vague political beliefs. His top priority as president was preserving the Union. He died sixteen months into his term, having made no progress on the most divisive issue in Congress, slavery.