Spain (ESP)
Armed Forces of Spain. Army, Navy, Air Force, Special Forces. From Chief of Staff to individual companies.
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In November 2011, a 44.5-size shoe with a rubber sole and the remains of a calf bone was found near the town of La Fatarella in eastern Spain. Although the police were immediately called in, the appearance of the shoe suggested that it would not be a recent crime, but that the remains found would be of more interest to archaeologists. They discovered the skeleton of a man about 180 cm tall, who had with him ammunition for Soviet-made rifles and two hand grenades of Polish origin. According to the fragments found, the corpse was identified as a soldier of the Republican International Brigades, who was killed by a grenade explosion. It had him partially covered with soil and the advancing soldiers of gen. Francotook his rifle, helmet and covered the protruding rest with soil. Under these circumstances, the date of "Charlie's" death (as it was called by the scientific community) can be determined quite accurately. It happened on November 14, 1938 during the final phase of the Battle of Ebro.
Requirements for new German bombers of modern concept, which appeared in the form of He 111E-1, Ju 86D-1 and Do 17E-1 in February 1937 on the Spanish battlefield, arose in the first half of the 1930s. That is, at a time when Germany was still formally complying with the arms restrictions resulting from the Treaty of Versailles, imposed on the Weimar Republic by the victorious powers of 1919. The aircraft were therefore originally declared as civilian types; in reality, however, they were created in such a way that their construction could be used in both civilian and military roles without major problems.
If the participation of Francoist volunteer pilots on the side of Nazi Germany on the Eastern Front of World War II has been known for a long time, then information about the involvement of Republican pilots in the Soviet Air Force began to emerge only in the last decade.
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