Europe

In 1939, Brest was the capital of the Polish voivodship. It was an important transport hub and military center of the central section of the eastern part of Poland. In March 1921, on the basis of the Polish-Soviet treaty, it became part of Poland with its fortifications.

Shortly after the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Ottoman Empire sided with Austria-Hungary and Germany, and its army numbered more than one million men after the mobilization. Although Sultan Turkey was then considered a "sick man on the Bosphorus", its armed forces went through several conflicts before the Great War (the Young Turks Revolution of 1908, the war with Italy on Libya in 1911, and the Balkan War in 1912-1913), which were valuable to them. source of knowledge. Although the Ottoman Empire lagged far behind its Western allies and opponents in industry and economics, its troops achieved remarkable success, the most important of which was the heroic and ingenious defense of access to the Sea of Marmara in 1915-1916, known as the Battle of Gallipoli, or the mighty 1916 offensives in Iran and Egypt. However, the protracted war exhausted the Ottoman Empire. By mid-1918, the initiative on all fronts had been taken over by the enemy, so there was no choice but to conclude an armistice on October 30. In Turkey, the sultanate was abolished in 1922, and the following year the country became a republic.

In the winter of 1740, King Frederick II of Prussia, at the head of an army of 20,000, treacherously invaded Upper Silesia, which was part of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the spring of the following year, the troops of France and Bavaria launched offensive activity from the southwest. A series of struggles began, collectively called the Wars of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). At the appeal of the young Queen Maria Theresa, the Hungarians promised as early as 1741 that they would build 6 new infantry and 3 hussar regiments in the field.

How World War II in the air began? These were not the massive attacks of hundreds of bombers and the persistent fighting of fighter groups we know from later periods of this war. However, the actors of its beginning on both warring parties showed a lot of determination, which from the point of view of the intensity of later events seems insignificant, little known, but still very interesting.