Medals and Decorations
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Egypt was threatened by two invasions in early 1942. One in the north across the Libyan Desert and the other in the south from Wadi Haifa. The first attacker was repulsed and completely defeated at El Alamejn. The second, Anopheles Gambiae, was stopped in Asyut and eradicated by February 19, 1945.
The information highway, as the Internet is sometimes called in literature, also gives the subject of our hobby a new, unprecedented dimension.
No one is more cursed by the collectors than merchants. All the sins of the world are blamed on them, especially the rise in prices and fraud with copies.
In connection with the magnificently conceived Budapest and Luxembourg exhibition, organized on the eve of the double jubilee of the Hungarian and Czech kings and the Imperial-German emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg, several incorrect data appeared in the professional literature. They were the result of insufficient artistic-historical analysis and mainly concerned insignia of the order of the Dragon. Given the above facts, we consider it an obligation to return to this issue by a separate study.
An integral part of the military environment is the habit of rewarding especially brave deeds with awards that certainly provide the wearer with both real benefits and moral credit. A similar practice was known to the ancient Romans.
A new look at the issue of the Russian Military Crosses of St. George and the Medal of Valour.
Information on the newly opened exhibition The Beauty of European Faleristics, commemorating the honors of all 27 member states of the European Union.
We often find very contradictory figures in history. In any case, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who ruled Hungary for 50 years, is one of them. Especially due to the influence of old Czech historiography, he was perceived as a "red fox", which was to indicate not only his cunning, but also his inferiority. It is certain that Machiavelli would certainly be happy with this monarch. However, contemporary historiography has largely revised the attitude towards Sigismund.
We often find very contradictory figures in history. In any case, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who ruled Hungary for 50 years, is one of them. Especially due to the influence of old Czech historiography, he was perceived as a "red fox", which was to indicate not only his cunning, but also his inferiority. It is certain that Machiavelli would certainly be happy with this monarch. However, contemporary historiography has largely revised the attitude towards Sigismund.
On December 12, 1408, Sigismund of Luxembourg founded the secular knightly company of the Dragon, later called the Dragon Order. It didn't take even 2 months for Ernest Železný to join the order with all the knights of the Order of Salamander, which further increased the prestige of the Dragon Order. The insignia of the Dragon Order was a coiled dragon with its back torn into a cross shape and the slogan: “ ABOUT QUAM MISERICORS DEUS? IUSTUS AND PATIENS '.
Heraldic questions of the Dragon Order
Catholic symbolism
Dragon as a non-Catholic symbol
Today, you will not find a psychologist who deals with a certain person or personality and at the same time would not deal with his family environment, the environment in which he grew up, or his parents. Since this work attaches great importance to the psychological point of view - it seeks to find the causes and reasons that led Sigismund not only to the creation of a secular order, but also to the creation of the Dragon Order - he must also take into account Sigismund's family, but especially his father Charles IV. - a great monarch and at the same time a great mystic.
When Sigismund was born in February 14, 1368, to King Charles IV. and Elizabeth of Pomerania, King Charles IV. he already had a son, Václav, whom he clearly preferred as a firstborn to Sigismund. It did not hurt Sigismund, on the contrary, he did not become a spoiled child on the throne, but a shrewd politician.
When creating this order, we must pay more attention to the relationship between Sigismund and the Roman Catholic Church, which is more important than it might seem at first glance.
If we want to deal with the relationship between Sigismund of Luxembourg and the Church, we must realize exactly what period it was in the history of the Church and how the Church itself affected the surrounding world.
The first case when Sigismund got into a dispute with the church is in the period when Sigismund had to fight with the troops of Ladislav of Naples, the son of Charles the Little, who landed in Dalmatia in 1402.
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