DD.MM.1555-17.03.1560 Fort Coligne DD.MM.1567-DD.MM.1695 Forte de Vilagalhão DD.MM.1695-DD.MM.1761 Forte de Villegagnon DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Villegagnon
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rio-de-Janeiro-Pevnost-sv-Frantiska-Xaviera-ostrov-Villegagnon-1761-t260815#712211
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The first fort on Villegagnon Island (then Serigipe) was built by French colonists under Admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon in 1555. Named after the French admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the fort was intended to protect the French settlement of France Antarctique from attacks by Indians and Portuguese. However, the French settlement in their Portuguese area of interest did not escape the attention of the Portuguese authorities, and on 15.03.1560 the fort was attacked by a Portuguese fleet under the Brazilian Governor General Mem de Sá. After two days of fighting, the French abandoned the fort and the remnants of the garrison, together with the colonists, sought refuge with the Tamoio Indian tribe, and on 17.03.1560 the Portuguese destroyed the fort. As the island was strategically located in the bay, the Portuguese built a new fort on the island, the Forte de Vilagalhão, as early as 1567. In the bay itself, other forts (Guajará and Santa Cruz) were gradually built, which, together with the Forte de Vilagalhão, controlled the movement of ships in the bay. During the following centuries, the fort was abandoned several times, but also rebuilt and enlarged several times. The biggest reconstructions were also associated with a name change - in 1695 to Forte de Villegagnon and in 1761 to Fortaleza de São Francisco Xavier. In the 19th century, the fortress passed from the hands of the ground forces to the control of the Navy (1863) and later (1880) to the hands of the Marine Corps. It was also the scene of repeated uprisings in this century, the last of which in 1893 proved fatal to the fort and its fortifications were largely destroyed. The ruins of the fort were transferred to the Brazilian War Ministry (1894), which in turn ceded it to the navy (1895). After the necessary repairs, it housed a garrison of marines for the next few decades until the Minister of the Navy, Protógenes Guimarães (1935-1937), decided to use the island for the purposes of the Naval School. Construction of new buildings began on the island, and from 1938 to the present day it has been the seat of the Brazilian Escola Naval.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Rio-de-Janeiro-Pevnost-sv-Frantiska-Xaviera-ostrov-Villegagnon-1761-t260815#712213
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