Greece (Ancient) (GRC)
Important people of the history from ancient Greece
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He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.
Alexander’s short reign marks a decisive moment in the history of Europe and Asia. His expedition and his own personal interest in scientific investigation brought many advances in the knowledge of geography and natural history. His career led to the moving of the great centres of civilization eastward and initiated the new age of the Greek territorial monarchies; it spread Hellenism in a vast colonizing wave throughout the Middle East and created, if not politically at least economically and culturally, a single world stretching from Gibraltar to the Punjab, open to trade and social intercourse and with a considerable overlay of common civilization and the Greek koinē as a lingua franca. It is not untrue to say that the Roman Empire, the spread of Christianity as a world religion, and the long centuries of Byzantium were all in some degree the fruits of Alexander’s achievement.
In the period from the 8th to the 6th century BC, a new type of organization of human society was created on the territory of Greece, the Greek city-state - the polis. Polis symbolized independence, self-sufficiency and a degree of democracy that allowed citizens to participate in the administration of public affairs.
After succeeding in suppressing the uprising of the Ionian Greeks in 495 BC, Darius I realized that if they received support from Greece, they would still be a source of trouble. He therefore decided to conquer Greece, secure the western borders and lay the foundations for further European expansion. He was also angry at the dubious city-state of Athens, which had the audacity to help drive the Persians out of Sard, the capital of Ionia, during the Ionian Rebel. He swore revenge on them. Darius tried to penetrate Greece by sea and by land as early as 492 BC. Unfortunately, the storm destroyed his fleet.
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