in the army in the field from 11.07.1941 to 14.09.1941
Zdroje: Sources:
Aljochin, Roman: Vozdušno-děsantnyje vojska. Istorija rossijskogo děsanta. Moskva, Eksmo 2009. Feskov, V. I., Golikov, V. I., Kalašnikov, K. A.: Krasnaja Armija v pobědach i poraženijach 1941-1945 gg. Tomsk, ITU 2003, ISBN 5-7511-1624-0 (В.И. Феськов, К.А. Калашников, В.И. Голиков: Красная Армия в победах и поражениях 1941-1945 гг., Томск, 2003)
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2nd Airborne Corps (1st forming)
2-й воздушно-десантный корпус (I. формирование)
The Corps Command was based on the disbanded Command of the 46th Rifle Corps. Within the corps, its 2nd Airborne Brigade was stationed at Nizhyn, 3rd Airborne Brigade in Chernigów and the 4th Airborne Brigade in Konotop. Until 22 June 1941, i.e. until the invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany and its allies, the corps was under the command of the Charkov Military District.
At the beginning of the fighting on the Soviet-German front, the elite airborne formation was first in the rear, but was soon sent to the front line as an ordinary infantry unit due to the sharp deterioration of the situation and the acute shortage of reserves. In July 1941, the corps was ordered to move to the Southwestern Front and concentrated near Kiev. Its 3rd Airborne Brigade was stationed in the northern sector of the Kiev defenses (in the area from Borok to Belgorodka). The 2nd Airborne Brigade was assigned to the reserve of the Kiev Fortified Area. The 4th Airborne Brigade operated in July and August 1941, isolated from the other brigades of the corps. First on the Kanevskoye direction (until 19 August) as part of the 26th Army, and then it was moved to the Cherkassy bridgehead (20 August). From 20 August it was again under the command of the corps.
From 25 July to 2 August, the front Kyiv Fortified Area was quiet. At 7.00 a.m. on 4 August 1941, the enemy began artillery preparations in the southwest sector of the fortified area and soon went on the offensive at the junction of the 2nd Airborne Brigade and the 147th Rifle Division. A fierce battle, lasting day and night, was unleashed on the front line around the woodland firing points (DOTs) throughout the first half of August. On the first day of the offensive, the Germans managed to break through the front edge of the defences in the Vita Pochtovaya area and blew up several DOTs. On 5 August 1941, the enemy advanced deep into the Soviet defenses and blocked several DOTs. On 6 August, the Germans managed to break through to the outskirts of Kiev and reach the villages of Sovki and Pirogovo.
By the end of 7 August, German troops managed to break through the first Soviet defensive position to a depth of 1-3 km in the southwest sector. The troops of the Kyiv Fortified Area lacked the support of the Air Force of the Southwestern Front in these days. The Soviet command made every effort to improve the situation in the Kiev area, and therefore a decision was taken to unite all units and formations in the Kiev area into the 37th Army, whose commander was appointed major-generalA.A. Vlasov. On 8 August 1941, combat order No. 01 of the Army Commander was issued to go on the offensive in the southern section of the Kyurd. The 284th and 295th Rifle Division, the 3rd Airborne Corps consisting of three brigades, the 2nd Marine Detachment of the Pinsk Fleet and detachments of the Kiev Home Guard were moved to reinforce the army units. These measures brought the force to 86 thousand soldiers and officers. The arduous and bloody struggle for the capital of the Ukrainian SSR cost considerable casualties. In August 3-5 alone, the troops of the Kyiv Fortified Area lost as many as 2,200 men, who were killed, wounded or missing. The Germans lost, according to Soviet figures, about 5,000 men in the same period.
By August 10, the Germans managed to break through the 1st and 2nd defensive lines, capture the villages of Teremki, Zulyany, Myshelovka and reach the third line, which they overran near the village of Goloseyevo. However, the conquest of Kiev has not yet taken place. In fact, on 12 August, German Directive No. 34 was issued for an operation to encircle the main forces of the Southwestern Front far to the east of Kiev. "The offensive on Kiev is to be suspended. As soon as the possibility of ammunition supply permits, the city is to be destroyed by aerial bombardment." This was the general intention of the German command with regard to Kiev, as shown in the addendum to Hitler's Directive No. 34 of 12 August 1941.
On 12 August, Soviet troops launched a counter-offensive and began to rebuild the defenses on the left flank. As they advanced, it became apparent that the individual DOTs were putting up a brave defence even when encircled behind the German lines. For example, near the village of Jurovka, DOT No. 205 was defended by soldiers of the 28th Machine Gun Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Vetrov, for 8 days (from 5 to 13 August) until the approach of his troops. As a result of the fighting by 15 August, Soviet troops repulsed the Germans in the southwestern sector of the Kyiv Fortified Area, partially restoring the defenses and fortifications. From 15 August, there was a respite on the front of the Kyiv Fortified Area. Both Soviet and enemy troops temporarily went on the defensive.
In connection with the deterioration of the situation northeast of Kiev, the 2nd Airborne Corps was hastily moved by trucks to the Ostyor area, was taken out of the disposition of the 37th Army. On 30 August 1941, units of the corps, as part of the 40th Army, pushed back enemy troops in fierce fighting. After destroying an enemy battalion on the outskirts of Nechajevka and pursuing it, the corps' 2nd Airborne Brigade reached the eastern outskirts of Nechajevka, Hill 130.0, by 1900 hours on 30 August. At that time the 3rd Airborne Brigade, which had up to a company of the enemy on the northern outskirts of Korelskoye, partially destroyed it in the trenches, drove the remnants into Koroi, and, after eliminating separate groups of machine-gunners, occupied Korelskoye at 1600 hours on 30 August. The 4th Airborne Brigade moved into defence 1.5 km east and south-east of Atjus and, together with the tank battalion, covered the roads to Atjus and Gorokhov. On 3 September 1941 the corps was in the Putivl area and held the Khizhnyaki line, the 126.1 dimension, the villages of Zheldaki, Hnilitsa, Guty and Novoselovka. As of 10 September 1941, the corps units were fighting in the area of Konotop. During the fighting, two of its brigades were completely destroyed, the third retreated with heavy losses to the Vir River near Annovka. The 2nd Airborne Corps of the 1st Formation thus de facto ceased to exist as a combat unit and in late September 1941, its remains were withdrawn to Ordzhonikidze for re-formation. The 2nd Airborne Corps (2nd Formation) was formed there.
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