Tank Challenger 2 z výzbroje Královnina královského kopinického pluku přidělený k bojové skupině 1. praporu Královského fyzilírského pluku na vojenské základně Camp Coyote v Kuvajtu.
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General characteristics: The Challenger 2 is a product of the British armaments industry and specifically of Alvis Vickers Ltd. formerly Vickers Defence Systems (VDS). It was offered as a replacement to the British Army's outdated tanks Chieftain and Challenger 1 . Along with the Challenger, various arms companies participated in the tender with their products such as the French Leclerc, the German Leopard 2 and the American M1A2 Abrams. The Challenger II was the winner of the competition and the British Army ordered a total of 408 of these tanks which are assigned to a total of six armoured regiments , in which each regiment has four battalions of 58 tanks each. This delivery was completed in 2002. The tank is of conventional design (three-seater turret with gunner and commander on the right and loader on the left when viewed from below and driver in front of the hull). It was designed to provide the crew with an optimal environment for conducting combat operations. The hull and turret of the tank are made with second generation Chobham armour, which is characterised by its high durability (the durability of this armour was proven by the crews of the 7th Armoured Brigade armed with these tanks during the fighting for Basra in March 2003 when the Iraqi Armed Forces were unable to effectively counteract these tanks and the loss of 1 Challenger in the fighting for Basra was caused by the fire of another Challenger). The tank is powered by a 12 cylinder Perkins Engines CV12 TCA12 diesel engine rated at 1200 horsepower. The transmission is a TN54 type automatic with 6 forward gears. The tank has 6 pairs of running wheels with hydropneumatic suspension and a tensioning wheel at the front and a drive wheel at the rear. The engine together with the gearbox is controlled by a system (Digital Power Pack Management System) linked to the main control computer. The turret and gun sighting are provided by electric motors. The tank is equipped with an automatic fire suppression system, filter-ventilation for defence against WMD and air-conditioning.
Armament: The tank is armed with a 120 mm calibre high-pressure gun under the designation L30 by BAE Systems. The barrel has a chrome-plated rifled bore, thermal insulation and a post-fire exhaust ejector. The cannon's sighting ranges from -10° to +20°, the turret sighting is 360°. The cannon is stabilized in two planes. The normal carried ammunition supply is 50 rounds. Split ammunition of three types is used. APFSDS subcalibre rounds (tungsten-cored or depleted uranium-cored). HESH-type rounds, which contain a fragmentation and smoke ammunition. The armament is supplemented by 2 machine guns in 7.62 mm calibre, one L8A2 mounted coaxially with the gun, the other anti-aircraft GPMG L37A2 is operated by a loader and is positioned above the tank's gunner's hatch. The anti-aircraft machine gun can also be replaced by a 40 mm calibre automatic grenade launcher. On the front side of the turret are placed 2 sets of smoke grenade launchers type L8 each of 5pcs .
Fire Control System. The armament is controlled by an integrated SRP, the control unit of which is a firing computer made by the Canadian Computing Devices Company (CDC). The computer uses input information from GPS, TOGS II, meteorological sensors, and sensors detecting the basic characteristics of the gun and ammunition. In addition, it also checks the most important structural groups of the tank, such as the engine or the state of the fuel. The tank is equipped with an integrated navigation system and a Vickers Battle Management System (BMS) battlefield information system (VBMS), which allows the tank commander to gain an overview of the position of his tank, other tanks in the unit and the position of the enemy and his units. The commander has a fully stabilised panoramic thermal imaging sight from Pilkington Optronics that allows him to search for targets independently of the gunner. It is equipped with an Nd:Yag laser rangefinder. Distance measurement error is +/- 5 m. The tank gunner is enabled to observe the battlefield by a stabilised thermal imaging sight incorporating an Nd:Yag laser rangefinder with a range of 200 to 10,000 m. The gunner is further equipped with a Nanoquest L30 backup sight coupled to the gun. A TOGS II thermal imaging camera, from Pilkington Optronics, equipped with a TICM 2 sensor, is mounted on the cannon's mask. It transmits images at 4x or 11.5x magnification to the gunner's and commander's monitors. After the target is detected and fixed in the sight, the firing computer in cooperation with the laser rangefinder rotates the turret with the calculated parameters for firing and with the default ammunition on the target. If the shooter is currently firing at a single target, the commander can use the VS 580-10 stabilized panoramic sight, manufactured by SFIM Industries of France, to locate the target independently of the shooter. According to the company's data, this makes it theoretically possible to destroy up to 8 targets in 40 seconds. The high-quality fire control system allows to hit the armored target at a distance of 3,500 meters with a hit probability of 85%. For night driving, the driver is equipped with a PDP (Passive Driving Periscope) night vision system, which allows him to drive in night conditions at the same speed as during the day without the use of lights. It is possible to use a night vision or thermal imaging device.
One possible disadvantage of this tank against a potential adversary - T-80 - is the shorter range of the Challenger and the omission of the development of PTRS for this tank.
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Chalenger II at Mud 2006
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URL : https://www.valka.cz/Challenger-2-t276628#171687
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Challenger II photographed in Iraq. It's got some kind of bulldozer or dredging device mounted on it. I was unfortunately not able to find a more detailed photo Interesting are also the plates of the additional armour on the side of the carriage. Again I could not find a more detailed photo. My assumption is that it is some type of active armor against cumulative RPG warheads
Source - author's archive ( Al Shaibah 2006 )
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URL : https://www.valka.cz/Challenger-2-t276628#195102
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URL : https://www.valka.cz/Challenger-2-t276628#598434
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On May 7, 2021, the British Ministry of Defense announced the conclusion of a £ 800 million contract with Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land to upgrade 148 Challenger 2 tanks to Challenger 3. Challenger 3 is a massive tank modernization in which the vast majority of tank components and subsystems are replaced. The tank has a new turret in which a 120 mm smooth-walled cannon Rheinmetal Rh 120 L55A1 with a barrel length of 55 calibers is installed. Changes also occurred on the podcozkju, which has reinforced front armor, a new engine and hydropneumatic suspension of the 3rd generation.
The modernization eliminates the biggest problem of the Challenger 2 tank and it was an obsolete cannon. On the other hand, the modernization is also the most expensive option, as the Challenger 3 is actually a new tank. The tax on costs is a lower number of modernized tanks, as out of 386 tanks received, only 148 tanks will be converted to the Challenger 3 version. In 2010, the British Army reduced the number of Challenger 2 tanks operated to 225, and by upgrading to Challenger 3, the number of tanks operated would be reduced again.
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A Challenger 2 tank handed over to the Ukrainian army during the Russian-Ukrainian war, April 2023. In January 2023, it was confirmed that the UK would deliver 14 Challenger 2 main battle tanks and support vehicles to Ukraine. On 29 January, the first Ukrainian soldiers arrived in the UK to begin training on the tanks. These soldiers completed their training on 27 March and returned to Ukraine, with the first Challenger 2 tanks being delivered to Ukraine on the same day.
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08.03.2024 Ukrajinští tankisté popsali plusy a mínusy britského tanku Challengeru 2 a také to, kolik z nich zůstalo v provozu O kladech Challengeru se před rokem velmi aktivně mluvilo, ale o rok později zůstaly jen dva nesmírně důležité plusy, zatímco záporů výrazně přibylo. Z dodaných 14 kusů je nyní 50% znepojízdněno a čeká na opravu. Challengery se staly prvními dodanými západními stroji této třídy a otevřely cestu k dodávkám Leopardů 2 a Abramsů. Hlavní výhodou Challengerů je kanon L30A1 ráže 120 mm a systém řízení palby. Tento kanon s drážkovaným vývrtem byl opakovaně chválen pro jeho přesnost a s nadsázkou nazýván "snajperský". Běžně bylo stříleno na vzdálenost 4,5 km, kdežto střelba ruských tanků nepřekračovala vzdálenost 3 km. Další výhodou byly větší prostory a pohodlí pro osádku. Mezi nevýhody tanku Challenger patří motor s výkonem 1200 k (883 kW), který neumožňoval výraznou akceleraci vozidla a průchodnost rozbahněným terénem. O kvalitě pancíře se ukrajinští tankisté nezmínili, přestože tanky většinou plnily úkoly spojené s vyhledáváním a ničením zodolněných palebných postavení. K plnění těchto úkolů nebyl Challenger dostatečně vybaven, například chybělo speciální střelivo pro boj s pěchotou a lehkými obrněnými vozidly. Současná provozuschopnost Challengerů činí 50%, protože opravy jsou zdlouhavé a dodávky náhradních dílů pomalé. V jednom případě došlo k vyhoření vozidla po zásahu ruským Lancetem. Osádka tanku útok přežila a nepřítel tank neukořistil. V současnosti je toto vozidlo v opravě. Na opravu čeká celkem 7 strojů. Vycvičené posádky, které nemají funkční vozidla pracují s jinou technikou na kopání zákopů.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Challenger-2-t276628#751554
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