Šumperk

Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)


V období 1.republiky sídlo politického a soudního okresu.


Sčítání lidu v roce 1930: 15 718 obyvatel (z toho 3 434 osob národnosti československé, 92 osob národnosti maďarské, 11 585 osob národnosti německé, 17 osob národnosti polské a 104 osob národnosti židovské).


Posádka byla ustanovena v lednu 1919.


Jednotky nebo úřady umístněné v posádce:
Pěší pluk 13 (od srpna 1920),
Hraničářský pluk 6 (leden 1938 – srpen 1938),
III. oddíl Dělostřeleckého pluku 7 (od září 1933),
náhradní baterie Horského dělostřeleckého oddílu 257 (červenec 1920 – leden 1923),
náhradní baterie Dělostřeleckého oddílu 257 (leden 1923 – říjen 1923 a únor 1926 – říjen 1920),
Dělostřelecký oddíl 82 (říjen 1932 – leden 1933),
Doplňovací okresní velitelství Šumperk (od října 1919).


Vojsko bylo ubytováno ve Starých kasárnách ze šedesátých a Nových kasárnách z devadesátých let 19. století.


Zdroj: J.Fidler a V.Sluka, Encyklopedie branné moci Republiky československé 1920-38, Libri 2006, ISBN 80-7277-256-2
Recenze knihy

Šumperk


Město Šumperk (stejnojmenný okres), první zmínky máme o něm ve 13. století. Samotné založení města je datováno do let 1269-1276. Roku 1278 je uváděn šumperský rychtář Fridrich, což existenci města zcela jistě dokazuje. V roce 1278 je uváděn zeměpanský správce šumperského zboží Jeneč ze Šumperka (Inczo de Schonberch) a roku 1297 je poprvé zmíněn dominikánský klášter. V následujícím 14. století získává město roku 1347 privilegium pro ševce a koželuhy, následně je roku 1351 připojen šumperský děkanát s 22 farnostmi k litomyšlskému biskupství a roku 1391 udělil markrabě Jošt městu magdeburské právo mílové, várečné a odúmrtí. V 15. století je roku 1424 město obsazeno husity za pomoci zdejších stoupenců, roku 1442 byl založen soukenický cech, z roku 1452 máme první zprávu o městské škole při dominikánském klášteře, o šest let později tedy roku 1458 je založen městský špitál, cech plátenický je založen v roce 1472, radnice města Šumperk je poprvé uvedana roku 1475, městský vodovod je pak uveden v roce 1481. Vznikl i první velký spor města se zástavním držitelem Jiříkem st. Tunklem z Brníčka. Roku 1490 se zde konal sjezd moravských a slezských stavů. Spor města ze zástavním držitelem Jiřím st. Tunklem z Brníčka vedl až k první poddanské vzpouře na Moravě vůbec, podíl na ní měli i šumperští měšťané - stalo se tak roku 1494. V roce 1496 byl Šumperk žerotínským sídelním městem dále byla zahájena přestavba tamnějšího hrádku na zámek.


Zdroj:
www.sumperk.cz

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the Church of st. John the Baptist

Originally a gothic church from the 2. half of the 13. century. Its core and the tower are the origin of the gothic. The tower belonged to the town, which here was stored the documents and valuables. For the first time the church burned in the city fire of 1513, on 1669. Baroque rebuilt in the years 1669 to 1688. The year 1804 was built the sacristy and in the year 1843 two-ply covered staircase.

Source:
http://www.hrady.cz/index.php?OID=11242.

city Hall

On the site of the present town hall stood until 1909, when it was demolished, the city hall renaissance (originally gothic). The new building of the city hall was built according to the project of architects of George Berger and Louis Schöna, who won in the competition, which attracted 30 proposals. Issued in the years 1909 to 1911, in the style of saxon neo-renaissance, supplemented by the art nouveau details. The stonework details are the work of Roman Kubesche. The tower serves as an observation. In 2006 the city hall was reconstructed.

The first historical mention of the existence of the town hall in Šumperk we have from the year 1410, then 1475. During the city fire of 1513 burned down and the town hall. After it was rebuilt in the late gothic style. Already in 1562 has enjoyed a renaissance of redevelopment and expansion. During the thirty years ' war led to its damage. Částeně was repaired in 1650. They have been corrected 1. floor and nadstavení 2. floor. But already after 12 years the year 1662, the building completely burned down. For a total restoration occurred in 1688 in the baroque style. Tower with an indoor gallery and a bulbous cupola were completed the previous year. In 1849 the building of the town hall became the seat of the district court, on this occasion, has undergone a series of changes to the interior. In 1865, when extensive rekonstukci was cancelled the translated the staircase and the building was roofed by a single hipped roof. Although there were a number of proposals for remodeling the old city hall building, joined the leadership of the city to its demolition.

Source:
http://www.hrady.cz/index.php?OID=11342.

City walls

Fortifications were built 15. century and especially after the year 1520. To the present time to preserve the three úsedky walls. And between the streets Langrovou and On the Walls, on a street, and for the Slavic street.
The first written document about the existence of the city's fortifications we have in smirčí contract from the year 1481, which was concluded between the šumperskými burghers and George Tunklem of Brníčka and Zábreh, in that it mentions the subjects from the villages of the šumperk estate have a duty to robotovat when repairing a ditch and palisades, Šumperk. Therefore, it was still a simple form of dřevohlinitého fortification with a moat. Even if, however, the supposedly should be a city surrounded by a brick wall during the hussite wars. After a year of 1520, built a wall of stone, the construction was initiated by Petr from Žerotín. The reason for this is surely a demanding investment and major construction work was probably fire from the year 1513. Part of the ramparts were two gates and five bastions. The height of the wall was around 5 m and the power was 1.5 m. should Be taken into account that this building was considered longer at least in the order of years or even decades. The moat that surrounded probably the only part of the walls, was the width of about 10 m, was implemented with water Bratrušovským stream.
The gates of the Old and the New were supplemented by barbakánem (I'm sure the Old gate). The old gate (later Jesserova tower) had west podkovovitého shape and that he had his own smaller gate. It was located near where today meets Starobranská the street on the street Gen. Freedom. The new gate was located in the area of the present streets of Sorbian.
To a significant damage to the fortifications occurred during the siege and the conquest of the city by the Swedes of the year 1646, those citizens ordered part of the walls to tear down.
The fortifications practically lost its reason and its importance continued to decline. Trenches were backfilled and converted into parčíky. The gates were 1797, sold to private individuals. Especially the Old gate has also undergone modifications. In the year 1834 should be demolished all five bastions. The city later bought out (and much more expensive than it is sold) the gate that is subsequently bulldozed 1860 (albeit at the Old gate with barbakánem the year 1863). As reason states the visit of emperor Franz Joseph I. on his way to the spa Gräfenberk. The walls then disappear even relatively recently. Afterwards they repair and have become a place of relaxation and games for children.

Source:
www.turistika.cz.

a Statue of the emperor Joseph II.

Statue of emperor Josef II. it is made of cast iron. Originally was located in the courtyard of the šumperk chateau, later it got up to the main class.

Source:
mapy.cz.