China (CHN)

The troubled Xinjiang Province is one of China's main sources of internal instability. The following article analyzes the causes of this conflict and presents its main actors.

David Jehlička's text " Chinese Organized Crime " concerns the definition of the conceptual relationship between international organized crime and human trafficking. He does all this in a case study of Chinese Snakeheads. The author discusses the issue of human smuggling and their relationship to the investigation of organized crime at a high professional level.

Outline of the initial situation and operations of the USSR and Imperial Japan against China in Manchuria during the late 1920s and early 1930s.

The Battle of Shanghai 1932.

Diploma thesis, Faculty of Law, Charles University in Prague, 1998

The systematic destruction of numerous masses of the population on the basis of their affiliation to a certain group - national, religious, political, ethnic, cultural or other - has marked the history of mankind since time immemorial.

In its preamble, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide identifies genocide as a crime under international law rejected by the civilized world, which has caused great loss to humanity in all periods of history and the eradication of which requires international cooperation.

Prohibition of genocide as a mandatory norm of international law.

Already at the time of the approval of the Convention, there were voices that the definition of genocide as it appeared in the final text was disproportionately narrow. Among the groups to which the Convention provides protection, in the opinion of many, other groups should have appeared, such as cultural, social, but especially political.

Crime without prosecutor and judge.
The debatable Genocide Convention failed to give a sufficiently precise and authoritative definition of genocide, another lack of the Convention, the absence of institutional and coercive mechanisms for genocide, directly threatened the main purpose of the Convention, ie to prevent and punish this serious crime.

The practical implementation ( or rather non-implementation ) of the Convention on Genocide has become sad evidence of the inability of the international community to deal effectively with violations of even the most basic rules of international law. States have never decided to intervene vigorously, even at a time when genocide could still be prevented, or at a time when tens of thousands of people were already dying in genocidal massacres, and even when the perpetrators of the crime of genocide had already been ousted and captured and punished. . Instead of a real solution to the problem of genocide, the international community has usually been alibi-satisfied in stating " serious concern " and providing humanitarian assistance to the victims.

Prevent, not just punish. The establishment of international criminal tribunals to punish crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda has reopened the question of the creation of a permanent international criminal court and the development of a code of international criminal law.

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Central Asia is an important region, both militarily and economically, in which the great powers are showing increasing interest. The collapse of the USSR resulted in the independence of the five Central Asian republics, which naturally began to seek new allies and partners in the international system. The involvement of world and regional powers did not take long, and the region soon gained a distinctive name: the New Balkans. The strategic position, the rich raw material base, as well as the ethnic and religious composition are motives that continuously contribute to the intensification of the rivalry between the main international players in Central Asia.

Russia-China relations have been one of the most important bilateral relations at the global level since the end of the Cold War. Although there has traditionally been long-standing tensions and mistrust between the two countries, in a globalizing world, relatively intensive cooperation has developed between them, which many observers have called a strategic partnership. One of its main purposes is to balance the strategic dominance of the United States and the West in general in international affairs. The following text aims to analyze the development of Russia-China relations in the security and strategic dimension and to assess how deep their cooperation is with whether it is really possible to speak of a strategic alliance between the two countries. The text works with the theory of balance of forces and a realistic approach to international relations.

The two allies from the beginning of the Cold War gradually got into bigger and bigger disputes, which eventually escalated into armed struggles at common borders.

The South China Sea and the growing interest of great powers in it are filled with newspaper headlines. The following text aims at a thorough analysis of this area from several dimensions, hoping that it will contribute to a better understanding of this remote, but probably key to the geopolitics of the 21st century.

Quemoy Island ( sometimes referred to as Kinmen and everything else ) is historically a very unique place: Chiang Kai-shek won there. In October 1949, twenty thousand Mao's soldiers landed there and were either killed or at least scattered. Here Mao intended to use an atomic bomb and was very angry with Khrushchev for not lending him one to start World War III. Unheard communists then reconciled themselves with artillery. In 1954, they began bombing, and starting in August 1958, they fired half a million times from the cannons in forty-four days.